Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) people in Mali face legal and societal challenges not experienced by non-LGBTQ residents. Although same-sex sexual activity is not illegal in Mali, LGBTQ people face widespread discrimination among the broader population.[2] According to the 2007 Pew Global Attitudes Project, 98 percent[a] of Malian adults believed that homosexuality is considered something society should not accept, which was the highest rate of non-acceptance in the 45 countries surveyed.[3] The Constitution of Mali has outlawed same-sex marriage since 2023,[1] and the Malian government proposed a bill banning homosexual relations in 2024.[4]
LGBTQ rights in Mali | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Status | Legal [2] |
| Gender identity | No |
| Military | No |
| Discrimination protections | None |
| Family rights | |
| Recognition of relationships | No |
| Restrictions | Same-sex marriage constitutionally banned since 2023[1] |
| Adoption | No |
The United States Department of States points to laws in Mali which prohibit "attacks on morality", and states these laws are used to _target LGBTQ persons and are actively enforced.[5]
Legal status
editPrivate, adult, consensual and non-commercial same-sex sexual acts are legal in Mali.[6][7] While legal, the prevailing cultural and religious beliefs of most Mali citizens view same-sex sexual activity and non-traditional gender roles as immoral.[2]
On October 31, 2024, Mali’s Transitional National Council passed a law criminalizing homosexuality. The law was expected to exacerbate the existing climate of stigma and discrimination faced by LGBTQ individuals in Mali. It also prohibits the "promotion" of homosexuality, a term that remains undefined, thereby broadening the scope of prosecution. Although same-sex sexual conduct was not explicitly illegal in Mali prior to the law being passed, vague provisions in the penal code, such as Article 225, which penalizes “public indecency,” were frequently used to _target LGBT individuals and those with nonconforming gender expressions. Justice Minister Mamadou Kassogue, who announced the law, had previously described homosexuality as “unnatural” and pledged to criminalize it. The military junta ruling over Mali since 2021 attempted to justify the law as a means of defending “traditional and moral values.” The immediate result was a significant increase in arbitrary arrests and detentions, as well as physical abuse directed at individuals based solely on their appearance or gender expression.[8]
Discrimination protections
editThere are no anti-discrimination laws to protect the LGBTQ community from harassment and abuse on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity.[9] Also, societal discrimination is widespread.[10]
Adoption and family planning
editArticle 522 of the "Code des Personnes et de la Famille", which was passed by the National Assembly on 2 December 2011 and subsequently signed into the law by the president of Mali, forbids same-sex couples from adopting children.[10][11][12][13]
Mali's new constitution, adopted by referendum in June 2023, includes a clause limiting marriage to a union of one man and one woman.[1][14]
Living conditions
editAccording to Dr. Dembelé Bintou Keita, the director of ARCAD/SIDA, an HIV/AIDS organization in Mali that provides health care for men who have sex with men (MSM), Malian society is not tolerant to MSM. They "have no rights and certainly no right to claim their sexual orientation. All cultural beliefs towards MSM are negative." MSM are forced into bisexuality or underground sexual practices that put them at high risk of sexually transmitted and HIV infections. "Men who are attracted to other men are forced to get married so that they will not bring shame to the family ... but they still have men as sexual partners."[15]
The U.S. Department of State's 2011 human rights report found that,[10]
There were no publicly visible lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) organizations in the country. The free association of LGBT organizations was impeded by a law prohibiting association "for an immoral purpose"; in 2005 the then governor of the District of Bamako cited this law to refuse official recognition to a gay rights association.
Summary table
edit| Same-sex sexual activity illegal |  (Always legal)
|
| Equal age of consent (15) | (Always legal)
|
| Anti-discrimination laws in hate speech and violence | 
|
| Anti-discrimination laws in employment |
|
| Anti-discrimination laws in the provision of goods and services |
|
| Same-sex marriage | (Constitutional ban on same-sex marriage since 2023)[1]
|
| Recognition of same-sex couples |
|
| Step-child adoption by same-sex couples |
|
| Joint adoption by same-sex couples |
|
| Gays and lesbians allowed to serve openly in the military |
|
| Right to change legal gender |
|
| Access to IVF for lesbians |
|
| Commercial surrogacy for gay male couples |
|
| MSMs allowed to donate blood |
|
See also
edit
Notes
edit- ^ The number of adults surveyed in Mali was 700, yielding a margin of error of 4 percent with a 95 percent confidence level.
References
edit- ^ a b c d "Malians approve amendments to constitution in referendum". Aljazeera. 23 June 2023. Retrieved 24 June 2023.
- ^ a b "Foreign travel advice - Mali". Gov.uk. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
- ^ "Pew Global Attitudes Project" (PDF). pp. 35, 84, 117. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 February 2010. Retrieved 3 December 2009.
- ^ Billson, Chantelle (5 November 2024). "Mali moves to criminalise homosexuality for the first time with new anti-gay law". PinkNews | Latest lesbian, gay, bi and trans news | LGBTQ+ news. Retrieved 20 November 2024.
- ^ Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor (2021). "Section 6. Discrimination and Societal Abuses". 2021 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Mali (Report). United States Department of State.
- ^ ILGA World; Lucas Ramon Mendos; Kellyn Botha; Rafael Carrano Lelis; Enrique López de la Peña; Ilia Savelev; Daron Tan (14 December 2020). "Consensual Same-Sex Sexual Acts between Adults in Private: No criminalisation – Africa" (PDF). State-Sponsored Homophobia report: 2020 global legislation overview update (Report) (14th ed.). Geneva: ILGA. pp. 89–93, 325. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 December 2020.
- ^ State-sponsored Homophobia: A world survey of laws prohibiting same sex activity between consenting adults, International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association, authored by Lucas Paoli Itaborahy, May 2012, p. 12 Archived 17 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "New Mali Law Disastrous for LGBT People | Human Rights Watch". Human Rights Watch. 6 November 2024. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ "Mali LGBTI Resources: Rights in Exile Programme". www.refugeelegalaidinformation.org.
- ^ a b c Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, 2011 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Mali (PDF), U.S. Department of State, pp. 17–18
- ^ "Le nouveau Code de la famille au Mali : une véritable régression pour les droits des femmes". Fédération internationale pour les droits humains.
- ^ "Mali: promulgation du Code de la famille révisé". Hosted News (in French). AFP. 20 January 2012. Archived from the original on 24 January 2013.
- ^ "LOI N°2011 – 087 du 30 Décembre 2011 PORTANT CODE DES PERSONNES ET DE LA FAMILLE" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 May 2013.
- ^ "Malians participate in rallies ahead of Sunday's referendum". Africanews. 17 June 2023. Retrieved 24 June 2023.
- ^ "Asylumlaw.org" (PDF). 14 March 2018. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 March 2018.