Wikipedia

List of people convicted of treason

This is a list of people convicted of treason.

Some countries have a high constitutional hurdle to conviction for treason, while many countries have less stringent definitions.

Armenia

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Austria

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Austria-Hungary

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Canada

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China

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Republic of Congo

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Czechoslovakia

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Denmark

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East Germany

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England

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Main article: List of people convicted of high treason in England before 1 May 1707
For those convicted on or after 1 May 1707, see § Great Britain, and § United Kingdom.

Estonia

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Fiji

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  • George Speight, for plotting the Fiji coup of 2000. Death sentence commuted to life in prison.
  • Ratu Jope Seniloli, incumbent Vice-President (in 2004), for his role in the coup of 2000. Sentenced to four years in prison; released by a sympathetic government after three months.

Finland

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  • Lauri Törni, for having served with the Waffen-SS at the end of World War II, later received a presidential pardon

France

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Image taken from Trial of Marshal Ney for high treason taken in short-hand at the time of trial, 1816

Germany

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Main page: Category:People executed for treason against Germany

Great Britain

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Before 1 May 1707, see #England and #Scotland. On or after 1 January 1801, see #United Kingdom.

Greece

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  • Dimitrios Gounaris, Prime Minister of Greece (1921–1922), convicted of treason in 1922 for the Asia Minor catastrophe. Executed 15 November 1922.
  • Petros Protopapadakis, Minister of Economy in Dimitrios Gounaris' government and later Prime Minister of Greece (1922), convicted of treason for the Asia Minor catastrophe. Executed 15 November 1922.
  • Nikolaos Stratos, Minister of Internal Affairs in Gounaris' government, convicted of treason for the Asia Minor catastrophe. Executed 15 November 1922.
  • Georgios Baltatzis [el], Minister of Foreign Affairs in Gounaris' government, convicted of treason for the Asia Minor catastrophe. Executed 15 November 1922.
  • Nikolaos Theotokis [el], Minister of Military Affairs in Gounaris' government, convicted of treason for the Asia Minor catastrophe. Executed 15 November 1922.
  • Georgios Hatzanestis, commanding officer of the Asia Minor and Eastern Thrace Greek army, convicted of treason for the Asia Minor catastrophe. Executed 15 November 1922.
  • Michail Goudas [el], rear admiral and minister in Gounaris' government, convicted of treason for the Asia Minor catastrophe. Sentenced to life imprisonment.
  • Xenophon Stratigos, major general and minister in Gounaris' government, convicted of treason for the Asia Minor catastrophe. Sentenced to life imprisonment.
  • George Papadopoulos, Greek colonel, leader of a military junta (1967–1973), convicted of treason and jailed for life, died in Korydallos prison 27 June 1999.

Hawaii

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The Republic of Hawaii government had one trial for treason after the failed 1895 Counter-Revolution in Hawaii. Those charged were found guilty, but pardoned after serving time in prison.[10]

Hungary

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Israel

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Italy

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  • Tullio Cianetti, convicted and sentenced to thirty years imprisonment due to the letter of apology he had written to Benito Mussolini, which saved him from the death penalty, at the Verona trial for voting yes on the 25 July 1943 motion in the Grand Council of Fascism to depose Benito Mussolini. After he was liberated, he went into exile to Portuguese Mozambique where he stayed till his death.
  • Emilio De Bono, convicted and executed by firing squad at the Verona trial for voting yes on the 25 July 1943 motion in the Grand Council of Fascism to depose Benito Mussolini.
  • Luciano Gottardi, convicted and executed by firing squad at the Verona trial for voting yes on the 25 July 1943 motion in the Grand Council of Fascism to depose Benito Mussolini.
  • Giovanni Marinelli, convicted and executed by firing squad at the Verona trial for voting yes on the 25 July 1943 motion in the Grand Council of Fascism to depose Benito Mussolini.
  • Carlo Pareschi, convicted and executed by firing squad at the Verona trial for voting yes on the 25 July 1943 motion in the Grand Council of Fascism to depose Benito Mussolini.

Japan

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Kenya

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  • Hezekiah Ochuka, Kenya airforce soldier, for conspiring to overthrow the government of Daniel Moi in 1982

Kuwait

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Liberia

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Mexico

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Netherlands

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New Zealand

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Norway

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Pakistan

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Poland

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For the betrayal of General Stefan Rowecki to the Gestapo:

For betrayal of the Polish People's Republic:

  • Witold Pilecki ("Druh"), death for espionage for the Polish Government-in-exile, executed in 1948, posthumously acquitted in 1990
  • Ryszard Kukliński ("Jack Strong"), escaped to the US in 1981, sentenced to death in absentia in 1984, in 1990 sentence changed to 25 years of imprisonment, in 1995 sentence cancelled due to search of the 1st President of the Supreme Court, fully pardoned in 1997
  • Adam Kaczmarczyk, death for espionage for MI16, executed in 1969

Russia

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Scotland

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On or after 1 May 1707, see #Great Britain and #United Kingdom.

South Africa

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South Vietnam

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Soviet Union

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After 25 December 1991, see #Russia.

Spain

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Sri Lanka

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Sweden

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Switzerland

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  • Jean-Louis Jeanmaire, sentenced to 18 years of prison (released after 12 for good behavior) for leaking information to the Soviet KGB.

Turkey

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  • Abdullah Öcalan, life sentence (originally death penalty) for trying to establish a Kurdish state in Turkey.

Ukraine

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United Kingdom

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Before 1 January 1801, see #England, #Scotland and #Great Britain.

United States

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Further information: Category: People convicted of treason against the United States
  • Philip Vigil and John Mitchell, convicted of treason and sentenced to hanging; pardoned by George Washington; see Whiskey Rebellion.
  • John Fries, the leader of Fries' Rebellion, was convicted of treason in 1800 along with two accomplices, and pardoned that same year by John Adams.
  • Governor Thomas Dorr 1844, convicted of treason against the state of Rhode Island; see Dorr Rebellion; released in 1845; civil rights restored in 1851; verdict annulled in 1854.
  • Hipolito Salazar, hanged on April 9, 1847. Convicted of treason for rebelling against the military occupation of New Mexico in the Taos Revolt during the Mexican-American War. He was a Mexican citizen on then-Mexican soil, and George W. Crawford, Secretary of War in the Zachary Taylor administration, later concluded that Salazar had been wrongfully convicted.
  • The abolitionist John Brown, the first person executed for treason within the United States, convicted in 1859 of treason against the Commonwealth of Virginia, murder, and fomenting a slave insurrection for his part in the Harpers Ferry raid.
  • Aaron Dwight Stevens took part in John Brown's raid and was executed in 1860 for treason against Virginia.
  • William Bruce Mumford, convicted of treason and hanged in 1862 for tearing down a United States flag during the American Civil War.
  • Walter Allen was convicted of treason on September 16, 1922 for taking part in the 1921 Miner's March against the coal companies and the U.S. Army at Blair Mountain, West Virginia. He was sentenced to 10 years and fined. During his appeal to the Supreme Court, he disappeared while out on bail. United Mineworkers of America leader William Blizzard was acquitted of the charge of treason by the jury on May 25, 1922.[14]
  • Max Stephan, a German-born Detroit tavernkeeper, was convicted of treason on July 2, 1942, after the jury deliberated for only one hour and 23 minutes. In April 1942, Stephan harbored and fed a Luftwaffe pilot at his tavern who escaped from a Canadian POW camp.[15] On August 6, Judge Arthur J. Tuttle sentenced Stephan to death by hanging.[16] He was the first man convicted and sentenced to death on a federal treason charge since the Civil War. His sentence was later commuted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to life in prison.[17]
  • Hans Max Haupt, Walter Otto Froehling and Otto Richard Wergin were convicted of treason and sentenced to death, and Erna Emma Haupt, Lucille Froehling and Kate Martha Wergin were convicted of treason and sentenced to 25 years in prison on November 24, 1942, in a joint indictment.[18] All six individuals were charged with treason for giving aid and comfort to the executed German saboteur Herbert Hans Haupt. On appeal, these judgments were reversed and remanded to be retried.[19] Hans Max Haupt was convicted again on June 9, 1944.[20] He was sentenced to life in prison. He appealed again, but the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed this judgement.[21] Walter Otto Froehling and Otto Richard Wergin were sentenced to 5 years in prison on July 22, 1944 as accessories to treason.[22] Hans Max Haupt eventually appealed the case up to the Supreme Court, which sustained the verdict against him.[23]
  • Martin James Monti, United States Army Air Forces pilot, convicted of treason for defecting to the Waffen-SS in 1944. He was paroled in 1960.
  • Douglas Chandler, worker for National Geographic, convicted of treason in 1947 for defecting to Germany during World War II, sentence commuted by President John F. Kennedy.[24]
  • Robert Henry Best, convicted of treason on April 16, 1948, and served a life sentence.
  • Iva Toguri D'Aquino, who is frequently identified by the name "Tokyo Rose", convicted 1949. Subsequently pardoned by President Gerald Ford.
  • Mildred Gillars, also known as "Axis Sally", convicted of treason on March 8, 1949; served 12 years of a 10- to 30-year prison sentence.
  • Herbert John Burgman, convicted in 1949 of treason during WWII for spreading Nazi propaganda; sentenced to 6–20 years in prison.
  • Tomoya Kawakita, sentenced to death for treason in 1952, but eventually released by President John F. Kennedy to be deported to Japan.

Zambia

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  • Steven Lungu, also known as Captain Solo. Sentenced to death for an attempted coup in 1997, he was pardoned in 2010 by President Rupiah Banda.

Zimbabwe

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See also

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References

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to People convicted of treason.
  1. ^ Valode, Philippe (2007). Les Grands traitres de l'histoire. Paris, France: First Edition. p. 233.
  2. ^ Valode, Philippe (2007). Les Grands traitres de l'histoire. Paris, France: First Edition. p. 155.
  3. ^ Valode, Philippe (2007). Les Grands traitres de l'histoire. Paris, France: First Edition. p. 175.
  4. ^ Valode, Philippe (2007). Les Grands traitres de l'histoire. Paris, France: First Edition. p. 112.
  5. ^ Valode, Philippe (2007). Les Grands traitres de l'histoire. Paris, France: First Edition. p. 95.
  6. ^ Valode, Philippe (2007). Les Grands traitres de l'histoire. Paris, France: First Edition. p. 214.
  7. ^ Valode, Philippe (2007). Les Grands traitres de l'histoire. Paris, France: First Edition. p. 229.
  8. ^ Valode, Philippe (2007). Les Grands traitres de l'histoire. Paris, France: First Edition. p. 203.
  9. ^ Conway, Moncure Daniel (1893) [1892]. The Life of Thomas Paine. New York: Knickerbocker Press. p. 375. Archived from the original on 2009-04-18. Retrieved 2006-07-06.
  10. ^ "Prisoners Pardoned". Hawaiian Gazette. Honolulu. January 3, 1896. Retrieved June 20, 2010.
  11. ^ Kudrytski, Aliaksandr. "Ousted Ukrainian Leader Yanukovych Found Guilty of Treason". Bloomberg.com. Bloomberg.
  12. ^ "Pentrich Revolution". www.visitambervalley.co.uk. Retrieved 2020-09-17.
  13. ^ "Windsor intruder caught with loaded crossbow in late Queen assassination bid sentenced to nine years in custody". Sky News. Retrieved 2023-10-05.
  14. ^ "e-WV | Walter Allen". www.wvencyclopedia.org. Retrieved 2020-09-17.
  15. ^ "Max Stephan Found Guilty as a Traitor". Detroit Free Press. July 3, 1942. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
  16. ^ "Stephan in Death Cell; Boasts 'I Won't Hang'". Detroit Free Press. August 7, 1942. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
  17. ^ "Stephan Saved By FDR". Detroit Free Press. July 2, 1943. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
  18. ^ "UNITED STATES v. HAUPT | 47 F.Supp. 836 (1942) | supp8361668 | Leagle.com". Leagle. Retrieved 2020-09-17.
  19. ^ "United States v. Haupt, 136 F.2d 661 – CourtListener.com". CourtListener. Retrieved 2020-09-17.
  20. ^ The Milwaukee Journal, June 10, 1944, p.6
  21. ^ "UNITED STATES v. HAUPT | 152 F.2d 771 (1945) | 2f2d7711654 | Leagle.com". Leagle. Retrieved 2020-09-17.
  22. ^ "Froehling change in sentences. 22 Jul 1944". Belvidere Daily Republican. 1944-07-22. p. 1. Retrieved 2020-09-17.
  23. ^ "The Haupt Case". LII / Legal Information Institute. Retrieved 2020-09-17.
  24. ^ M, Morris (March 7, 2019). "EVERY AMERICAN EVER CONVICTED OF TREASON (AND WHAT HAPPENED NEXT)". Retrieved July 3, 2020.
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