Wikipedia

List of suffragists and suffragettes

This list of suffragists and suffragettes includes noted individuals active in the worldwide women's suffrage movement who have campaigned or strongly advocated for women's suffrage, the organisations which they formed or joined, and the publications which publicized – and, in some nations, continue to publicize– their goals. Suffragists and suffragettes, often members of different groups and societies, used or use differing tactics. Australians called themselves "suffragists" during the nineteenth century while the term "suffragette" was adopted in the earlier twentieth century by some British groups after it was coined as a dismissive term in a newspaper article.[1][2][3][4][5] "Suffragette" in the British or Australian usage can sometimes denote a more "militant" type of campaigner,[6] while suffragists in the United States organized such nonviolent events as the Suffrage Hikes, the Woman Suffrage Procession of 1913, the Silent Sentinels, and the Selma to Montgomery march. US and Australian activists most often preferred to be called suffragists, though both terms were occasionally used.[7]

British Women's Social and Political Union lapel pin
Madelin "Madge" Breckinridge
Gertrude Foster Brown
Carrie Chapman Catt
Matilda Joslyn Gage
Statue of Esther Hobart Morris, located at the front exterior of the Wyoming State Capitol
Anna Howard Shaw
Sojourner Truth
Victoria Woodhull
This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Africa

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Egypt

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Nigeria

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South Africa

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Asia

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China

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India

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Indonesia

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  • Thung Sin Nio (1902–1996) – women's rights activist, physician, economist, politician

Iran

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  • Bibi Khanoom Astarabadi (1858/59–1921) – Iranian writer, satirist, founder of the first school for girls in the modern history of Iran and a pioneering figure in the women's movement of Iran
  • Annie Basil (1911–1995) – Iranian-Indian activist for Armenian women
  • Táhirih (1817–1852) – also known as Fatimah Baraghani, renowned poet, removed her veil in public, "first woman suffrage martyr"

Japan

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Jordan

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  • Emily Bisharat (died 2004) – first female lawyer in Jordan, fought for women's suffrage

Kuwait

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Philippines

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Sri Lanka

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  • Drummond Shiels (1881–1953) – Scottish-born politician who supported the founding of the Women’s Franchise Union of Ceylon
  • Mary Rutnam – Canadian-born doctor, gynaecologist, and suffragist who emigrated and became a member of the Women’s Franchise Union of Sri Lanka and a co-founder of the All-Ceylon Women's Conference[9]
  • Agnes de Silva (1885-1961) – secretary of the Women's Franchise Union of Ceylon then founder of the Women's Franchise Union of Sri Lanka[9]

Syria

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  • Thuraya Al-Hafez (1911-2000) – suffragist and politician who campaigned against the niqab and founded women's organisations

Turkey

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Yishuv

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Australia and Oceania

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Australia

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Main article: List of Australian suffragists
 
Edith Cowan

New Zealand

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Main article: List of New Zealand suffragists
 
Kate Sheppard

Europe

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Albania

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  • Shaqe Çoba (1875–1954) – suffragist and publisher of a magazine that covered women's issues
  • Parashqevi Qiriazi (1880–1970) – suffragist, teacher and founder of Yll' i Mengjesit, a women's association
  • Sevasti Qiriazi (1871–1949) – Albanian patriot, suffragist, pioneer of female education and founder of Korça Girls School
  • Urani Rumbo (1895–1936) – sufffragist, teacher, playwright and founder of Lidhja e Gruas (Woman's Union)

Austria

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Belgium

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  • Jane Brigode (1870–1952) – politician, member of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance
  • Léonie de Waha (1836–1926) – Belgian feminist, philanthropist, educator and Walloon activist
  • Isabelle Gatti de Gamond (1839–1905) – Belgian educator, feminist, suffragist and politician
  • Marie Parent (1853–1934) – journal editor, temperance activist, feminist, suffragist and founder of the Parti Général des Femmes, the women’s party.
  • Marie Popelin (1846–1913) – lawyer and early feminist political campaigner; worked for universal adult suffrage
  • Louise van den Plas (1877–1968) – suffragist and founder of the first Christian feminist movement in Belgium

Bulgaria

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  • Vela Blagoeva (1859–1921) – journalist, teacher and women's rights activist
  • Zheni Bozhilova-Pateva (1878–1955) – teacher, writer, and one of the most active women's rights activists of her era
  • Dimitrana Ivanova (1881–1960) – reform pedagogue, women's rights activist
  • Ekaterina Karavelova (1860–1947) – educator, translator, publicist, suffragist
  • Anna Karima (1871–1949) – suffragist and women's rights activist
  • Kina Konova (1872–1952) – publicist and suffragist
  • Julia Malinova (1869–1953) – women's rights activist

Croatia

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Cyprus

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Czechia

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  • Karla Máchová (1853–1920) – women's rights activist who, in 1908, was among the first three women to run for the Bohemian Diet
  • Františka Plamínková (1875–1942) – founded the Committee for Women's Suffrage (Czech: Výbor pro volební právo ženy) in 1905 and served as a vice president of the International Council of Women, as well as the International Woman's Suffrage Alliance
  • Marie Tůmová (1866–1925) –– women's suffragist who, in 1908, was among the first three women to run for the Bohemian Diet
  • Zdeňka Wiedermannová-Motyčkova (1868–1915) – founder of the Provincial Organization of Progressive Moravian Women
 
Matilde Bajer
 
Eline Hansen

Denmark

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Main article: List of Danish suffragists

Finland

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  • Maikki Friberg (1861–1927) – educator, journal editor, suffragist and peace activist
  • Annie Furuhjelm (1859–1937) – journalist, feminist activist and politician
  • Alexandra Gripenberg (1857–1913) – writer, newspaper publisher, suffragist, women's rights activist
  • Lucina Hagman (1953–1946) – feminist, suffragist, early politician
  • Hilda Käkikoski (1864–1912) – women's activist, suffragist, writer, schoolteacher, early politician
  • Olga Oinola (1865–1949) – President of the Finnish Women Association
 
Marguerite Durand

France

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Main article: List of French suffragists

Georgia

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Bust of Clara Zetkin
 
Leaders of the women's movement in Germany, 1894

Germany

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Main article: List of German suffragists

Greece

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  • Kalliroi Parren (1861–1940) – journalist and founder of the Greek women's movement
  • Avra Theodoropoulou (1880–1963) – music critic, pianist, suffragist, women's rights activist, nurse
  • Lina Tsaldari (1887–1981) – suffragist and politician, president of the Greek Federation of Women's Unions and later the first female minister in Greece[10]

Hungary

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Constance Markievicz

Iceland

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  • Margret Benedictsson (1866–1956) Icelandic-Canadian suffragist and journalist
  • Bríet Bjarnhéðinsdóttir (1856–1940) – founded Kvennablaðið, the first women's magazine in Iceland and, in 1907, the first suffrage organization in Iceland[11]
  • Ingibjörg H. Bjarnason (1867–1941) – politician, suffragist, schoolteacher, gymnast and leader of Iceland’s Women’s Rights Association
  • Katrín Magnússon (1858–1932) – suffragist and promoter of women's education

Ireland

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Main article: List of Irish suffragists and suffragettes

Italy

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Liechtenstein

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  • Melitta Marxer (1923–2015) – one of the "Sleeping Beauties" who took the issue of women's suffrage to the Council of Europe in 1983

Luxembourg

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Malta

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Netherlands

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Main article: List of Dutch suffragists and suffragettes

Norway

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  • Randi Blehr (1851–1928) – chairperson and co-founder of the Norwegian Association for Women's Rights
  • Anna Bugge (1862–1928) – chairman of the Norwegian Association for Women's Rights, also active in Sweden
  • Gudrun Løchen Drewsen (1867–1946) – Norwegian-born American women's rights activist and painter, promoted women's suffrage in New York City
  • Betzy Kjelsberg (1866–1950) – co-founder of the Norwegian Association for Women's Rights (1884), the National Association for Women's Suffrage (1885)
  • Gina Krog (1847–1916) – co-founder of the Norwegian Association for Women's Rights
  • Ragna Nielsen (1845–1924) – chairperson of the Norwegian Association for Women's Rights
  • Thekla Resvoll (1871–1948) – head of the Norwegian Female Student's Club and on the board of the women's suffrage movement (Kvinnestemmeretsforeningen)
  • Anna Rogstad (1854–1938) – vice president of the Association for Women's Suffrage and Norway’s first female Member of Parliament
  • Hedevig Rosing (1827–1913) – co-leader of the movement in Norway; author, educator, school founder

Poland

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Portugal

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Romania

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Serbia

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Slovenia

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  • Alojzija Štebi (1883 –1956) – suffragist, founder of the Feminist Alliance of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, editor of the journal Ženski pokret (Women’s movement), and writer of paper Demokratizem in ženstvo (Democracy and womanhood) which argued for women's suffrage

Spain

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  • Concepción Arenal (1820–1893) – pioneer and founder of the feminist movement in Spain; activist, writer, journalist and lawyer
  • Emilia Pardo Bazán (1851–1921) – Spanish writer, journalist, university professor and support for women's rights and education
  • Carmen de Burgos (1867–1932) – Spanish journalist, writer, translator and women's rights activist
  • Clara Campoamor (1888–1972) – Spanish politician and feminist best known for her advocacy for women's rights and suffrage during the writing of the Spanish constitution of 1931
  • María Espinosa de los Monteros (1875–1946) – Spanish women's rights activist, suffragist and business executive
  • Victoria Kent (1891–1987) – Spanish lawyer, suffragist and politician
 
Signe Bergman

Sweden

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Main article: List of Swedish suffragists and suffragettes

Switzerland

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Main article: List of Swiss suffragists and suffragettes

United Kingdom

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North America

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Bahamas

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Barbados

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  • Nellie Weekes (1896–1990) – campaigner for women's involvement in politics, who ran for office in 1942, before women were allowed to vote in the country

Bermuda

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  • Gladys Morrell (1888–1969) – suffragette leader and secretary of the Bermuda Women's Suffrage Society
 
Edith Archibald

Canada

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Main article: List of Canadian suffragists and suffragettes

Cayman Islands

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Costa Rica

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Cuba

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  • Berta Arocena de Martínez Márquez (1899–1956) – journalist, suffragist and feminist
  • María Collado Romero (1885– c. 1968) – journalist, vice-president of the National Suffragist Party, then founder and president of the Democratic Suffragist Party of Cuba
  • Hortensia Lamar (1888–1967) – suffragist and president of the Club Femenino de Cuba and the Federación Nacional de Asociaciones Femeninas
  • Aída Peláez de Villa Urrutia (1895–1923) – writer, journalist and suffragist who published "Necesidad del voto para la mujer" (Necessity of the vote for women) in El Sufragista magazine
  • Pilar Jorge de Tella (1884–1967) – suffragist who presented petitions to the Cuban legislature and constitutional conventions demanding suffrage

Dominican Republic

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El Salvador

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Haiti

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Honduras

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  • Graciela Bográn (1896–2000) – educator, writer, trade unionist and women's rights activist
  • María Trinidad del Cid (1899–1966) – journalist, feminist and suffragist considered a foundational figure in the fight for women's rights in Honduras
  • Lucila Gamero de Medina (1873–1964) – novelist and suffragist
  • Paca Navas (1883–1971) – journalist, feminist and suffragist, exiled for her political views
  • Alba Alonso de Quesada (1924–2020) – lawyer, academic and politician who submitted petitions to the legislature which granted partial suffrage and granted votes to women who could read and write

Mexico

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Newfoundland

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Nicaragua

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Panama

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  • Elida Campodónico (1894–1960) – teacher, women's rights advocate, attorney, first woman ambassador in Latin America
  • Tomasa Ester Casís (1878 – 1962) – teacher and suffragist
  • Clara González (1898–1990) – feminist, lawyer, judge, and activist
  • Gumercinda Páez (1904–1991) – teacher, women's rights activist and suffragette, and Constituent Assemblywoman of Panama

Puerto Rico

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  • Isabel Andreu de Aguilar (1887–1948) – educator, helped establish the Puerto Rican Feminist League, was president of Puerto Rican Association of Women Suffragists, and first woman to run for Senate in PR
  • Rosario Bellber González (1881–1948) - educator, social worker, women's rights activist, suffragist, and philanthropist; president of the Social League of Suffragists of Puerto Rico (Spanish: La Liga Social Sufragista (LSS) de Puerto Rico)[28][29][30][31]
  • Milagros Benet de Mewton (1868–1948) – teacher who filed a lawsuit to press for suffrage
  • Carlota Matienzo (1881–1926) – teacher, one of the founders of the Puerto Rican Feminine League and the Suffragist Social League
  • Felisa Rincón de Gautier (1897–1994) – mayor of San Juan, first woman to hold post of mayor of a capitol city in the Americas

Trinidad

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Elizabeth Garrett Anderson
 
Frances Buss
 
Mabel Capper (3rd from right, with petition) and fellow suffragettes, 1910
 
Millicent Fawcett
 
Lilian Lenton
 
Kathleen Lyttelton
 
Harriet Taylor Mill
 
Christabel Pankhurst
 
Ethel Smyth
 
Beatrice Webb
 
Rebecca West
 
Margaret McPhun
 
Dr Elizabeth Pace
 
Bundesarchiv Bild 102-09812, Jessie Stephen no-text
 
Jessie Newbery
 
Ethel Cox under arrest, 1914

United States

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Main article: List of American suffragists

United States Virgin Islands

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  • Bertha C. Boschulte (1906–2004) – Secretary of the St. Thomas Teacher's Association, which sued for women's suffrage in the territory in 1935
  • Edith L. Williams (1887–1987) – first woman to attempt to register to vote in the US Virgin Islands

South America

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Argentina

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  • Cecilia Grierson (1859–1934) – the first woman physician in Argentina; supporter of women's emancipation, including suffrage
  • Julieta Lanteri (1873–1932) – physician, freethinker, and activist; the first woman to vote in Argentina
  • Alicia Moreau de Justo (1885–1986) – physician, politician, pacifist and human rights activist
  • Eva Perón (1919–1952) – First Lady of Argentina, created the first large female political party in the nation
  • Elvira Rawson de Dellepiane (1867–1954) – physician, activist for women's and children's rights; co-founder of the Association Pro-Derechos de la Mujer

Belize

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  • Gwendolyn Lizarraga (1901–1975) – politician who, when only landowners were eligible as voters, supported women to obtain land grants from the Lands Department
  • Elfreda Reyes (1901–1992) – labor organizer, suffragette and member of the Women’s League

Brazil

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Chile

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  • Celinda Arregui (1864–1941) – feminist politician, writer, teacher, suffrage activist
  • María de la Cruz (1912-1995) – political activist, journalist, writer, political commentator, first woman elected to the Chilean senate
  • Henrietta Müller (1846–1906) – Chilean-British women's rights activist and theosophist
  • Marta Vergara (1898–1995) – co-founder of MEMch; Inter-American Commission of Women delegate

Colombia

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  • Ofelia Uribe de Acosta (1900–1988) – suffragist who published the book Una voz insurgente (An Insurgent Voice)
  • Esmeralda Arboleda Cadavid (1921–1997) – suffragist, politician and the first woman elected to the Senate of Colombia
  • Lucila Rubio de Laverde (1908–1970) – co-founder of the suffrage organizations, Unión Femenina de Colombia (Women's Union of Colombia) (UFC) and the Alianza Femenina de Colombia (Women's Alliance of Colombia)
  • María Currea Manrique (1890–1985) – co-founder of the suffrage organizations, Unión Femenina de Colombia (Women's Union of Colombia) (UFC) and the Alianza Femenina de Colombia (Women's Alliance of Colombia)

Ecuador

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  • Hipatia Cárdenas de Bustamante (1889–1972) – writer, suffragist and the first female presidential candidate in Ecuador
  • Matilde Hidalgo (1889–1974) – physician, poet, and activist who was the first woman in Latin America to exercise her constitutional right to vote in a national election
  • Zoila Ugarte de Landívar (1864–1969) – writer, journalist, librarian and suffragist
  • María Piedad Castillo de Levi (1888–1962) – poet, journalist, suffragist and a participant in a demonstration on the streets of Guayaquil in 1924

Peru

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Uruguay

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  • Paulina Luisi Janicki (1875–1949) – leader of the feminist movement in Uruguay, first Uruguayan woman to earn a medical degree in Uruguay (1909)

Venezuela

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ The University of Melbourne. "Suffragists - Theme - The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia". www.womenaustralia.info. Retrieved 29 March 2023.
  2. ^ Wright, Clare Alice (2018). You daughters of freedom : the Australians who won the vote and inspired the world. Melbourne, Vic. ISBN 978-1-925603-93-4. OCLC 1037809229.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  3. ^ Kratz, Jessie (14 May 2019). "What is Suffrage?". Pieces of History. Retrieved 29 March 2023.
  4. ^ "Everything You Need to Know About the Word 'Suffragette'". Time. 22 October 2015. Retrieved 29 March 2023.
  5. ^ "How the Term 'Suffragette' Evolved from Its Sexist Roots". Harper's BAZAAR. 18 August 2020. Retrieved 29 March 2023.
  6. ^ "Suffragist/Suffragette - What's the difference?". Government of South Australia - Office for Women. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
  7. ^ "Did You Know? Suffragist vs Suffragette". U.S. National Park Service. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
  8. ^ "BiafraNigeriaWorld: Platform Shorten Link Terpercaya di Indonesia". BiafraNigeriaWorld: Platform Shorten Link Terpercaya di Indonesia (in Indonesian). Retrieved 27 July 2024.
  9. ^ a b de Alwis, Malathi; Kodikara, Chulani (2019), Franceschet, Susan; Krook, Mona Lena; Tan, Netina (eds.), "Sri Lanka: Struggle for Franchise", The Palgrave Handbook of Women’s Political Rights, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 349–362, doi:10.1057/978-1-137-59074-9_24.pdf, ISBN 978-1-137-59074-9, retrieved 23 November 2024
  10. ^ Cook, Bernard A. (19 May 2006). Women and War: A Historical Encyclopedia from Antiquity to the Present [2 volumes]. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 254. ISBN 978-1-85109-775-3.
  11. ^ Chambers, Jewells (11 November 2021). "5 Trailblazing Women in Iceland's History". All Things Iceland. Retrieved 23 November 2024.
  12. ^ Jackson, Sarah (12 October 2015). "The suffragettes weren't just white, middle-class women throwing stones". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
  13. ^ "UK | 75 years of women solicitors". BBC News. 19 December 1997. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
  14. ^ "Maud Crofts: "We women want not privileges but equality." – First 100 Years". first100years.org.uk. 5 July 2016.
  15. ^ Briscoe, Kim (2 November 2017). "Call for public's help to piece together life of Norfolk suffragette Caprina Fahey". Eastern Daily Press. Archived from the original on 3 October 2019. Retrieved 9 July 2020.
  16. ^ "Former Mayors of the City of Lancaster". Lancaster City Council. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
  17. ^ Krista Cowman (9 December 2010). Women in British Politics, c.1689–1979. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 63–. ISBN 978-1-137-26801-3.[permanent dead link‍]
  18. ^ Graham Neville (1998). Radical Churchman: Edward Lee Hicks and the New Liberalism. Clarendon Press. pp. 165–. ISBN 978-0-19-826977-9.
  19. ^ Adelaide Knight, leader of the first east London suffragettes – East End Women's Museum
  20. ^ Diane Atkinson (8 February 2018). Rise Up Women!: The Remarkable Lives of the Suffragettes. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 578–. ISBN 978-1-4088-4406-9.
  21. ^ Hoffman, Bella (19 October 1992). "Obituary: Victoria Lidiard". The Independent.
  22. ^ "Suffragette Gertrude Metcalfe-Shaw". London Museum. Retrieved 27 October 2024.
  23. ^ "MRS Annie Seymour Pearson / Database - Women's Suffrage Resources".
  24. ^ Robinson [née Wilkie], Annot Erskine [Annie] (2004). "Robinson [née Wilkie], Annot Erskine [Annie] (1874–1925) – suffragist and pacifist". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/48529. ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8. Retrieved 26 February 2018. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  25. ^ "Wilkie, Annot (Robinson) – Socialist, Suffragette Wilkie, Helen – Socialist, Suffragette | Dundee Women's Trail". Dundeewomenstrail.org.uk. 18 January 2013. Retrieved 26 February 2018.
  26. ^ "Photograph of Indian suffragettes on the Women's Coronation Procession, 17 June 1911 at Museum of London". Museumoflondonprints.com. 17 June 1911. Archived from the original on 27 February 2018. Retrieved 26 February 2018.
  27. ^ Izzy Lyons (26 February 2018). "Lolita Roy – the woman who simultaneously fought for British and Indian female suffrage". The Telegraph. Telegraph.co.uk. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2018.
  28. ^ Lassalle, Beatriz (September 1949). "Biografía de Rosario Bellber González Por la Profesora Beatriz Lassalle". Revista, Volume 8, Issue 5 (in Spanish). La Asociación de Maestros de Puerto Rico. pp. 149, 158.
  29. ^ Asenjo, Conrado, ed. (1942). "Quién es Quién en Puerto Rico". Diccionario Biográfico De Record Personal (in Spanish) (Third edition 1941-42 ed.). San Juan, Puerto Rico: Cantero Fernández & Co. p. 33.
  30. ^ "Rosario Bellber González: maestra, sufragista y espiritista kardeciana Sandra A. Enríquez Seiders" (in Spanish). Revista Cruce. 15 March 2019. Retrieved 19 April 2022.
  31. ^ Krüger Torres, Lola (1975). Enciclopedia Grandes Mujeres de Puerto Rico, Vol. IV (in Spanish). Hato Rey, Puerto Rico: Ramallo Bros. Printing, Inc. pp. 273–274.

Sources

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