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Dom Luís Filipe, Prince Royal of Portugal, Duke of Braganza (Portuguese pronunciation: [luˈiʃ fiˈlipɨ]; 21 March 1887 – 1 February 1908) was the eldest son and heir-apparent of King Carlos I of Portugal. He was born in 1887 when his father was still Prince Royal of Portugal and received the usual style of the heirs to the heir of the Portuguese crown: 4th Prince of Beira at birth, with the subsidiary title 14th Duke of Barcelos. After his grandfather King Luís I of Portugal died, he became Prince Royal of Portugal with the subsidiary titles 21st Duke of Braganza, 20th Marquis of Vila Viçosa, 28th count of Barcelos, 25th count of Ourém, 23rd count of Arraiolos and 22nd count of Neiva.
| Luís Filipe | |
|---|---|
| Prince Royal of Portugal, Duke of Braganza (more...) | |
 Photograph c. 1907 | |
| Born | 21 March 1887 Belém Palace, Lisbon, Portugal |
| Died | 1 February 1908 (aged 20) Lisbon, Portugal |
| Burial | |
| House | Braganza[1] |
| Father | Carlos I of Portugal |
| Mother | Amélie of Orléans |
| Signature |  |
Early life
edit
Luís Filipe Maria Carlos Amélio Fernando Víctor Manuel António Lourenço Miguel Rafael Gabriel Gonzaga Xavier Francisco de Assis Bento was born in Lisbon, the elder son of Carlos, Prince Royal of Portugal (later King Carlos I of Portugal), and Princess Amélie d'Orléans, a member of the House of Braganza.[1]
Two years after his birth, Dom Luís Filipe inherited all his father's royal princely titles when his father became king. He was himself re-styled Prince Royal, and at the same time inherited the Dukedom of Braganza (as 21st Duke), which brought with it the largest private fortune in Portugal at that time, completely at the disposal of the heir to the Portuguese crown.
In 1907, the Prince Royal acted as regent of the kingdom while his father was outside the country. The same year he made a very successful official visit to the Portuguese colonies in Africa, the first member of the royal family ever to visit them.
Dom Luís Filipe was the pupil of the African war hero Mouzinho de Albuquerque, and like all the Braganzas, showed many aptitudes in the arts, besides his pursuing a military education. Around the time of Dom Luís Filipe's assassination, negotiations for marriage to his cousin Princess Patricia of Connaught were underway. Princess Patricia was the granddaughter of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, the daughter of British Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn, and Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia.
Lisbon Regicide
editOn 1 February 1908, Luís Filipe and his family were returning to Lisbon from Vila Viçosa Palace. Alfredo Luís da Costa and Manuel Buiça, two members of a revolutionary society called the Carbonária, shot at all the royal family, hitting his father King Carlos, Luís Filipe, and his younger brother Infante Manuel, Duke of Beja. Carlos I died immediately, while Luís Filipe lived for another twenty minutes. Manuel survived the attack, having only been shot in the arm, while the queen was unharmed.
Manuel succeeded to the throne as Manuel II. Luís Filipe is buried next to his father and forefathers in the Royal Pantheon of the House of Braganza in Lisbon. His younger brother, King Manuel II of Portugal, and his mother, Queen Maria Amélia, are buried opposite.
On 5 October 1910, the monarchy under the reign of his surviving younger brother, Manuel II, was overthrown in a military coup and the Portuguese First Republic was established.
Honours
editDomestic
edit- Grand Commander of the Three Military Orders of Christ, Aviz and St. James
- Grand Cross of the Royal Military Order of the Tower and Sword
- Grand Cross of the Royal Military Order of Our Lady of Conception of Vila Vicosa
Foreign
edit- German Empire: Knight of the Order of the Black Eagle[2]
- Monaco: Grand Cross of the Order of Saint-Charles, 22 July 1904[3]
- Spain:
- Grand Cross of the Royal and Distinguished Order of Charles III, 1887[4]
- Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece, 14 November 1892[5]
- United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland: Stranger Knight Companion of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, 15 July 1902[6]
- Empire of Japan: Grand Cordon of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum, 10 June 1904[7]
Arms
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Coat of arms as a Knight of the Garter -
Coat of arms as a Knight of the Golden Fleece
Luis Filipe bore as heir to the throne the arms of his father; differenced by a Label of three points Or.
Ancestry
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References
edit- ^ a b "While remaining patrilineal dynasts of the duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha according to pp. 88, 116 of the 1944 Almanach de Gotha, Title 1, Chapter 1, Article 5 of the 1838 Portuguese constitution declared, with respect to Ferdinand II of Portugal's issue by his first wife, that 'the Most Serene House of Braganza is the reigning house of Portugal and continues through the Person of the Lady Queen Maria II'. Thus their mutual descendants constitute the Coburg line of the House of Braganza"
- ^ Justus Perthes, Almanach de Gotha (1908) p. 66
- ^ Journal de Monaco
- ^ "Real y distinguida orden de Carlos III", Guía Oficial de España (in Spanish), 1908, p. 162, retrieved 15 December 2019
- ^ "Caballeros de la insigne orden del toisón de oro", Guía Oficial de España (in Spanish), 1908, p. 152, retrieved 15 December 2019
- ^ "No. 27454". The London Gazette. 15 July 1902. p. 4509.
- ^ 刑部芳則 (2017). 明治時代の勲章外交儀礼 (PDF) (in Japanese). 明治聖徳記念学会紀要. p. 150.
