Iraqi Maqam (Arabic: المقام العراقي, romanized: al-maqām al-ʿIrāqī) is a genre of Arabic maqam music found in Iraq. The roots of modern Iraqi maqam can be traced as far back as the Abbasid Caliphate (8th–13th centuries AD), when that large empire was controlled from Baghdad. The ensemble of instruments used in this genre, called Al Chalghi al Baghdadi, includes a qari' (singer), santur, goblet drum, joza, cello, and sometimes oud and naqqarat. The focus is on the poem sung in classical Arabic or an Iraqi dialect (then called zuhayri). A complete maqam concert is known as fasl (plural fusul) and is named after the first maqam: Bayat, Hijaz, Rast, Nawa, or Husayni.[1]
| Iraqi Maqam | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Native name | المقام العراقي |
| Stylistic origins | Arabic maqam |
| Cultural origins | ca. 7th–9th century |
| Typical instruments | Santur, joza, bağlama, cello, ney, oud and naqqarat (sometimes) |
| Subgenres | |
| Qubanchi and qundarchi | |
| Fusion genres | |
| Symphonic rock maqam | |
| Iraqi Maqam | |
|---|---|
| Country | Iraq |
| Reference | 00076 |
| Region | Asia and the Pacific |
| Inscription history | |
| Inscription | 2008 (3rd session) |
| List | Representative |
A typical performance includes the following sections:[1]
- tahrir, sometimes badwah
- taslum
- finalis
Maqama texts are often derived from classical Arabic poetry, such as by al-Mutanabbi and Abu Nuwas. Some performers used traditional sources translated into the dialect of Baghdad, and still others use Arabic, Persian, Turkish, Armenian, Hebrew, Turkmen, Aramaic lyrics. Due to Iraq's diversity, different ethnic groups use this genre in their own language.
Famous maqam singers
editThere are many Iraqi maqam singers including:[citation needed]
- Ahmed al-Zaidan
- Rashid al-Qundarchi
- Muhammad al-Qubanchi
- Hussein al-A'dhami
- Najm al-Shaykhli
- Hassan Khaiwka
- Hashim al-Rejab
- Yousuf Omar
- Farida Mohammad Ali
- Abd al-Rahman Khader
- Hamed al-Sa‘di
- Nazem Al-Ghazali
- Filfel Gourgy
- Affifa Iskandar
- Mulla Hasan al-Babujachi
- Rahmat Allah Shiltagh
- Khalil Rabbaz
- Rahmain Niftar
- Rubin Rajwan
- Mulla Uthman al-Mawsili
- Jamil al-Baghdadi
- Salman Moshe
- Yusuf Huresh
- Abbas Kambir
- Farida al-A‘dhami
See also
editExternal links
editReferences
edit- ^ a b Touma, Habib Hassan (2006). The Music of the Arabs. United States of America: Amadeus Press. pp. 55–57. ISBN 978-1574670813.