Mara Brock Akil (born May 27, 1970) is an American television producer, screenwriter and director. She became the youngest African American female showrunner when she created the sitcom Girlfriends (2000–2008), airing on UPN and The CW, and the first African American female showrunner to have two series concurrently on broadcast network television when she created its spin-off The Game (2006–15) on The CW before moving to BET.
Mara Brock Akil | |
|---|---|
 Akil in 2013 | |
| Born | May 27, 1970 Compton, California, U.S. |
| Alma mater | Northwestern University |
| Occupation(s) | Screenwriter, producer |
| Years active | 1993–present |
| Spouse | |
| Children | 2 |
She created BET's first drama series Being Mary Jane (2013–19) and The Game sequel (2021–22) on Paramount+. She co-created Love Is (2018) on OWN and executive produced the DC Arrowverse series Black Lightning (2018–21) on The CW. She was a writer on South Central (1994) on Fox, and a writer and producer on Moesha (1996–99) on UPN, The Jamie Foxx Show (1999–2000) on The WB, Cougar Town (2010) on ABC and theatrical film Sparkle (2012). Together with her husband and collaborator Salim Akil, the creative duo founded Akil Productions in 2000. She founded Story27 with Netflix in 2021.
Brock Akil is the only African American showrunner or executive producer to have series on TV every year from 2000 to 2015, and the first to have two series and the only to have two black sitcoms concurrently on broadcast network TV during the 2000s. Her series were two of only three shows in 2007 and 2008 and was one of only two shows in 2009 with a predominantly Black cast on broadcast network TV.[1]
Early life and education
editShe was born Mara Brock in 1970 in Compton, California,[2] to Joan Carol Fullmore and William Bartido Brock II (later Wali Shamsuddin) who were high school sweethearts. Her brother William "Bill" Brock III was three years old at the time and their younger sister Kara Brock was born four years later. Her paternal grandmother was Candida Brock, her maternal grandfather was Johnn Fullmore and her maternal grandmother is Helen Fullmore.[3][4] Mara lived her early childhood in Baldwin Hills in South Los Angeles,[5][6] and lived her preteen and teenage years in and around Kansas City, Missouri,[7] after her parents divorced when she was eight years old in 1977.[8][3]
Her mother left with the children and moved to the Kansas City metropolitan area where she worked her way up from an entry-level position to a computer programmer at Marion Laboratories while raising Mara and her siblings as a single mother.[8] At age 11, Mara saw a 17-year-old Whitney Houston as a cover model on the November 1981 issue of Seventeen magazine—more than three years before she became a popstar—which, Mara says, gave her hope that "things are possible."[9] She graduated in 1988 from Raytown South High School where she decided she would pursue a career in writing. She opted against going to the University of Missouri like many of her classmates were and applied to only one college, Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois in the Chicago metropolitan area, hoping to attend the Medill School of Journalism. She was accepted and went on to join the Delta Sigma Theta sorority.[10][11]
In her freshmen year, Mara volunteered to help some friends in the campus' Black sketch comedy group Out Da Box. When a member encouraged her to write a sketch, she initially resisted before writing a parody of Mike Tyson and Robin Givens' marriage. "The first laugh was a high I will never forget," she later recounted. She took two courses with professor Njoki McElroy in 'Performance of African-American Literature' that focused on directing and performing. She performed in two theatrical productions for McElroy, including playing the lead in The Colored Museum. She had a college internship at the Grand Rapids Press in Michigan that changed her approach to storytelling; "I was thinking I got this story, and you realized very quickly that your stories did not matter. I remember the amount of hustle it took just to get a couple stories on. So, my senior year I decided 'I'm going to tell the truth through fiction.'"[12][13]
She tried out for the job of an MTV VJ when an open audition was held on campus in February 1991.[14] She made her decision to work in the television industry after meeting professor Delle Chatman at an 'Organization of Black Screenwriters' seminar and went on to petition Chatman to get into her screenwriting course.[13][15] Mara Brock graduated in 1992 and applied for Hollywood writing apprenticeships but never received any. She worked for a year as an assistant manager at a Gap clothing store before deciding to move to Los Angeles.[16][17]
Career
edit1993–2000
editIn 1993, Mara Brock performed as an actor in a minor speaking role in the feature film With Honors (1994) in a scene shot in Chicago. After moving to Los Angeles, she met NU almnus and assistant director Jerry Ziesmer who told her to "put my last two films on your résumé" which helped her get a job as a production assistant for $180 a week on The Sinbad Show. The sitcom aired for one season spanning 24 episodes from September 16, 1993 to April 21, 1994 on Fox before being cancelled.[15][18] In 1994, while working on the show, she knew that its executive producers Ralph Farquhar and Michael J. Weithorn were developing a TV pilot, so she began writing scripts she hoped for them to read. Once she got a minute of Farquhar's time, she told him: "Let me not waste it on why I need you. That's obvious. Let me spend it on why you need me." She was given the position of a WGA Writer's Trainee on the forthcoming series South Central. The comedy drama, centered on divorcee single mother Joan Mosley and her three children, aired for one season spanning 10 episodes from April 5 to June 7, 1994 on Fox.[9][18][19]
In 1995, after an 18-month unemployment period and working as a production assistant on CBS sitcom Dave's World,[20][21] Mara Brock received a call from Farquhar and soon began working on Moesha as a writer on the first four seasons and then also as a producer on the fourth which ended in August 23, 1999. The sitcom, starring Brandy Norwood, was created by Farquhar, Vida Spears and Sara Finney-Johnson. Moesha aired for six seasons spanning 127 episodes from January 23, 1996 to May 14, 2001, becoming the biggest hit on the fledgling UPN. Brock Akil recounts of her experience working for Farquhar: "I really appreciate the way he ran Moesha and that he gave access to us and taught us how to [...] not just write script, but how do you produce that [...] I wanted to learn from him. He learned from Garry Marshall, and so all that legacy is within me."[9][19] Brock Akil next worked as a supervising producer and writer on the fourth and fifth seasons of The Jamie Foxx Show where her episodes aired between September 24, 1999 and October 29, 2000. The sitcom co-created by its namesake and Bentley Kyle Evans aired for five seasons spanning 100 episodes from August 28, 1996 to January 14, 2001 on The WB.
2000–2009
editIn 2000, Brock Akil created Girlfriends after she went to UPN and sold her idea for the series.[22] She shopped the series around to studios to start the filming process but, even though the show sold to a major network, no studio wanted to take project. She struck a deal with Kelsey Grammer, and his involvement with Paramount Pictures was able to sign on as an executive producer for the show.[23] Girlfriends premiered on September 11, 2000, and became a part of UPN's Monday night prime time lineup. Chronicling the life of Joan Clayton, played by Tracee Ellis Ross, and her three friends, the show ran for eight seasons, lasting through the production switch from UPN and the launch of The CW network. The show's two-part series finale aired on the CW on February 11, 2008.
She also created and executive produced a spin-off to Girlfriends, The Game, along with her husband Salim Akil.[24][9] In 2009, Brock Akil became a consulting producer and writer for the ABC suburban sitcom Cougar Town.[25]
Following the launch of the CW network, Brock Akil created a spin-off series to her first show that follows the life of Joan's cousin, Melanie Barnett, played by Tia Mowry. She places her dreams of being a doctor on hold and moves to San Diego to be a supportive backbone to her boyfriend, professional football player Derwin Davis, played by Pooch Hall. The series ran on the CW network for three seasons until its abrupt ending in 2009. The show was canceled for about two years until it was picked up by BET and began production in Atlanta. The Game brought in 7.7 million viewers in its Season 4 premiere on BET.[26] After adding six more seasons to the series, the network released a statement on its website stating that the show would conclude after production of the seventh and eighth seasons.
2009–2020
editShe is the creator of BET's Being Mary Jane, starring Gabrielle Union premiered July 2, 2013, and became the couple's first hour-long scripted show. The show chronicles the life of Mary Jane Paul, a successful news anchor, and attempts to address the statistic that within the Black community 42% of successful women will never marry.[11] In 2015 she signed a deal with Warner Bros. Television which went into effect in May 2016.[27]
In March 2017, Brock Akil left ICM Partners to join Creative Artists Agency (CAA).[28]
The Akils created and executive produced a scripted superhero series, Black Lightning, based on DC Comics' Black Lightning series.[29] The show premiered on January 16, 2018.[30][31]
2020–present
editOn January 7, 2020, it was announced that Brock Akil had signed a script deal with Fox Entertainment to develop a series for the Fox broadcast network.[32] On September 9, it was announced that she had signed a multi-year overall deal with Netflix to produce new content.[33]
On September 27, 2021, she announced the launch of her new production company Story27 under her Netflix deal and the titles of three series and one documentary being developed.[34]
Personal life
editBrock Akil is a fan of the Kansas City Chiefs team in the NFL.[8] Along with friends Gina Prince-Bythewood, Sara Finney-Johnson and Felicia D. Henderson, she endows The Four Sisters Scholarship which began in 2005.[35] Speaking in the 2020s, Brock Akil stated she begins her morning drinking lemon water and alkaline water, before drinking green tea or matcha latte later in the day; she does intermittent fasting after 8 PM or 9 PM, excluding Fridays and Saturdays; she likes to cook baked chicken with vegetables and brown rice for her family on Sundays; and she loves to journal, especially before bedtime.[36][37][38]
Family and religion
editShe is married to Salim Akil who is also a producer, director and screenwriter. Their first encounter was in 1997 at Insomnia Cafe on Beverly Boulevard—where Mara often spent time writing—when Salim was visiting Los Angeles from the Bay Area while finishing work on his debut film Drylongso that he co-wrote. Their second encounter was in 1998 at a furniture shop on Melrose Avenue, by which point Salim had moved to LA to attend Columbia College Hollywood. They began dating before getting married in April 1999.[39][40][41] She had her first pregnancy in 2004 but may have suffered a miscarriage.[15] The couple have two children together: Yasin Ali Akil (born 2007) and Nasir Lukmon Akil (born 2009). Salim has an older daughter and an older son from before his marriage and is a grandfather.[9]
She and her husband are Sufi Muslims.[8][42] Mara Brock had been born into a Muslim household that followed the Nation of Islam. After her divorcee mother Joan Fullmore left California with her children and relocated to Missouri, they practiced Christianity—at first following the United Methodist Church, attending Emanuel Cleaver's congregation, and later following the African Methodist Episcopal Church. Mara Brock reverted to Islam at some point before or during her relationship with Salim Akil.[8] In their semi-autobiographical TV series Love Is, the character of Nuri is depicted as being a non-practicing Muslim at the time she began dating Yasir, a practicing Muslim.[43][44]
Mara Brock Akil is one of six siblings. She has two full-siblings, William Brock III and sister Kara Bustos, and has three half-siblings through her father Wali Shamsuddin: Saiid Shamsuddin, Shamsie Shamsuddin and half-sister Chi'Mere Banks. Her brothers Shamsie and William are deceased, the latter in September 2020.[3]
Legal issues
editIn 2006, Staci Robinson filed a $40 million lawsuit against Brock Akil and The CW, accusing Brock Akil of stealing the concept of her TV series The Game from Robinson's then-unpublished novel Interceptions from when she allegedly showed it to her in 2001. Robinson argued she had thought of the show first because her novel chronicles the life of Stefanie Porter, a senior studying law at UCLA, who ceases her hopes of becoming a lawyer to support the dreams of her boyfriend, star football player Ricky Powers.[45]
The Akils created Love is, which was based on their relationship, but was canceled after a woman accused Salim of domestic violence in an alleged extramarital affair, as well as copyright infringement by using her screenplay as the basis for the series.[46][47] A statement made by Akil's lawyers denied all allegations.[48][49]
Filmography
editFilms
edit| Year | Title | Producer | Writer | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1994 | With Honors | 
|
|
Actress |
| 2012 | Sparkle | Yes | Yes | |
| 2015 | The Start Up | Yes |
|
Television film |
| 2023 | Stamped from the Beginning | Yes |
|
Documentary |
Television
edit| Year | Title | Creator | Producer | Writer | Director | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1993–1994 | The Sinbad Show |
|
|
|
|
Production assistant Also actress: "Keep the Faith" |
| 1994 | South Central |
|
|
Yes |
|
|
| 1995 | Dave's World |
|
|
|
|
Production assistant |
| 1996–1999 | Moesha |
|
Yes | Yes |
|
Producer: 22 episodes Writer: 9 episodes Also story editor: 9 episodes |
| 1999–2000 | The Jamie Foxx Show |
|
Yes | Yes |
|
Supervising producer: 24 episodes Executive producer: 1 episode Writer: 4 episodes |
| 2000–2008 | Girlfriends | Yes | Yes | Yes |
|
|
| 2006–2009, 2011–2015 |
The Game | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Director: "Dust in the Wind" |
| 2009 | Leading Women |
|
|
|
|
Documentary; Self: Episode 2 |
| 2010 | Cougar Town |
|
Yes | Yes |
|
Consulting producer: 22 episodes Writer: 2 episodes |
| 2013–2015, 2017, 2019 |
Being Mary Jane | Yes | Yes | Yes |
|
|
| 2015 | Reed Between the Lines |
|
Yes |
|
|
Executive producer: 3 episodes |
| 2018 | Love Is | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Director: 2 episodes |
| 2018–2021 | Black Lightning |
|
Yes |
|
|
Executive producer |
| 2020 | Make It Work! |
|
|
|
|
Television special; Self |
| 2021 | On Story |
|
|
|
|
Season 12, episode 9 |
| History of the Sitcom |
|
|
|
|
Documentary Self: 3 episodes | |
| 2021–2023 | The Game | Yes | Yes |
|
|
|
| 2023 | See It Loud: The History of Black Television |
|
|
|
|
Documentary Self: 3 episodes |
Awards and nominations
edit| Award | Date | Category | Nominee | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| American Black Film Festival | March 3, 2024 | Industry Visionary Award | Herself | Won |
| BET Comedy Awards |
September 28, 2004 | Outstanding Comedy Series | Girlfriends | Nominated |
| Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series | Girlfriends | Nominated | ||
| September 27, 2005 | Outstanding Comedy Series | Girlfriends | Nominated | |
| Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series | Girlfriends | Won | ||
| Black Entertainment and Sports Lawyers Association | November 13–17, 2024 | Trailblazer Award | Herself | Won |
| Black Girls Rock! | October 26, 2013 | Shot Caller Award | Herself | Won |
| Black Reel Awards |
February 7, 2013 | Best Screenplay, Original or Adapted | Sparkle | Nominated |
| February 13, 2014 | Outstanding Screenplay (Original or Adapted), TV Movie or Mini-Series | Being Mary Jane | Nominated | |
| February 23, 2018 | Outstanding Drama Series (shared with Salim Akil, Greg Berlantir, Adam Giaudrone, Sarah Schechter, Jennifer Lence, Carl Ogawa, Melora Rivera, Joanie L. Woehler, Bonnie Weis) |
Black Lightning | Nominated | |
| Black Women Film Network | March 5, 2022 | RainmakHER Award | Herself | Won |
| Primetime Emmy Awards | September 7, 2024 | Exceptional Merit in Documentary Filmmaking (shared with Alisa Payne, Roger Ross Williams, David Teague, Ibram X. Kendi) |
Stamped from the Beginning | Nominated |
| Essence Black Women In Hollywood Awards | February 21, 2013 | Visionary Award | Herself | Won |
| NAACP Image Awards |
March 3, 2002 | Outstanding Comedy Series | Girlfriends | Nominated |
| March 8, 2003 | Outstanding Comedy Series | Girlfriends | Nominated | |
| March 6, 2004 | Outstanding Comedy Series | Girlfriends | Nominated | |
| March 19, 2005 | Outstanding Comedy Series | Girlfriends | Nominated | |
| February 26, 2006 | Outstanding Comedy Series | Girlfriends | Nominated | |
| March 2, 2007 | Outstanding Comedy Series | Girlfriends | Nominated | |
| Outstanding Writing in a Comedy Series | Girlfriends (For "After the Storm") |
Nominated | ||
| February 14, 2008 | Outstanding Comedy Series | Girlfriends | Nominated | |
| February 12, 2009 | Outstanding Comedy Series | The Game | Nominated | |
| February 17, 2012 | Outstanding Comedy Series | The Game | Nominated | |
| February 1, 2013 | Outstanding Comedy Series | The Game | Nominated | |
| February 17, 2012 | Outstanding Writing in a Comedy Series (shared with Salim Akil) |
The Game (For "Parachutes...Beach Chairs") |
Won | |
| February 22, 2014 | Outstanding Writing in a Dramatic Series | The Game (For "Blueprint Part 1" and "Blueprint Part 2") |
Nominated | |
| February 6, 2015 | Outstanding Writing in a Dramatic Series | Being Mary Jane (For "Über Love") |
Nominated | |
| February 5, 2016 | Outstanding Writing in a Dramatic Series (shared with Jameal Turner, Keli Golf) |
Being Mary Jane | Nominated | |
| National Association of Television Program Executives | January 22, 2019 | Brandon Tartikoff Legacy Award | Herself | Won |
| NAMIC Vision Awards |
April 15, 2009 | Comedy | The Game | Nominated |
| April 24, 2012 | Comedy | The Game | Nominated | |
| July 11, 2013 | Comedy | The Game | Nominated | |
| SHINE Awards | October 26, 1999 | Comedy Episode | Moesha (For "Birth Control") |
Won |
| October 24, 2001 | Comedy Episode | Girlfriends (For "The Burning Vagina Monologues") |
Won | |
| October 18, 2003 | Comedy Episode | Girlfriends (For "The Pact") |
Nominated | |
| Series Storyline | Girlfriends (For "AIDS Documentary") |
Nominated |
References
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- ^ Lennon, Christine (September 14, 2022). "How an L.A. Writer Created the Kind of Workplace You Thought Only Existed on T.V." Sunset. Retrieved March 25, 2024.
- ^ a b c "William Bartido Brock, III". watkinsheritage.com. September 2020. Archived from the original on December 29, 2020.
- ^ "Mara Brock Akil's Babyshower". Essence. October 29, 2020. Retrieved February 8, 2021.
- ^ Monié, Karine (September 30, 2021). "Step Inside Mara Brock Akil's '70s-Inspired Office Oasis (and the Most Beautiful Writer's Retreat in Town)". Architectural Digest. Retrieved March 25, 2024.
- ^ Givhan, Robin (June 19, 2009). "Echoes of TV's first lady". NBC News. Archived from the original on June 16, 2021.
- ^ "Mara Brock Akil". alumni.northwestern.edu. Retrieved January 30, 2019.
- ^ a b c d e Barnhart, Aaron (September 29, 2006). "She's got 'Game'". The Kansas City Star. Archived from the original on October 21, 2006.
- ^ a b c d e Masters, Ken (August 9, 2012). "Hollywood's Undercover Hitmakers: Salim and Mara Brock Akil". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved July 24, 2020.
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- ^ a b "Mara Brock Akil - Medill - Northwestern University". medill.northwestern.edu. Archived from the original on September 7, 2015.
- ^ Dawkins, Breajna (October 14, 2022). "Showrunner Mara Brock Akil (BSJ96) talks career successes and life lessons with Dean E. Patrick Johnson". Communication.Northwestern.edu. Retrieved March 20, 2024.
- ^ a b Chapman, Wilson (February 21, 2021). "Mara's World, Mara's Way: Mara Brock Akil brings her unique vision of life and love to Netflix". The Daily Northwestern. Retrieved March 27, 2024.
- ^ "They Want Their MTV To Want Them". Chicago Tribune. February 11, 1991. Archived from the original on March 26, 2024.
- ^ a b c "Girlfriend - with an Agenda, Spring 2004, Northwestern Magazine". www.northwestern.edu. Retrieved July 24, 2020.
- ^ "Sunday Sitdown with Mara Brock Akil, who's brought black women's voices to TV". Chicago Sun-Times. October 24, 2015. Archived from the original on March 27, 2024.
- ^ Golding, Shenequa (March 24, 2015). "First Take: Mara Brock Akil's Blueprint For Running Your Own Show". Vibe. Retrieved March 24, 2024.
- ^ a b Akil, Mara Brock (December 20, 2023). "Mara Brock Akil on 'My So-Called Life': 'It Was a Beacon for What Was Possible'". Variety. Retrieved May 31, 2024.
- ^ a b Finley, Taryn (February 5, 2021). "Mara Brock Akil Broke the Mold for Black Characters on TV — And She Isn't Done Yet". HuffPost. Archived from the original on March 1, 2021.
- ^ "On Story | A Conversation with Mara Brock Akil | Season 11 | Episode 9 | PBS". PBS.
- ^ Bierly, Mandi (October 5, 2016). "'Girlfriends' Creator Mara Brock Akil Talks the Real Secret of Black Women on TV". Yahoo! Entertainment. Retrieved November 12, 2024.
- ^ "How Mara Brock Akil Plans To Save TV". The Fader. Retrieved May 12, 2017.
- ^ "Mara Brock Akil Opens Up About A "Girlfriends Movie' On The Breakfast Club: Says She Needs Money To Get Movie Done". Comedy Hype. July 17, 2018. Retrieved July 24, 2020.
- ^ Danielle, Britni (May 19, 2017). "How 'Black Lightning' director Salim Akil co-created the show and why". Andscape. Retrieved December 7, 2020.
- ^ Tisdale, Stacey (July 27, 2015). "[VIDEO] "Being Mary Jane" Producer Mara Brock Akil Gets Real About Passion and Money". Black Enterprise. Retrieved February 8, 2021.
- ^ "Exclusive: Mara Brock Akil Talks Ending The Game on BET". BET.com. Archived from the original on October 9, 2014. Retrieved May 12, 2017.
- ^ "With 'Being Mary Jane,' Mara Brock Akil Specializes in Portraits of Black Women - the New York Times". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016.
- ^ "CAA Signs 'The Game' & 'Being Mary Jane' Creator Mara Brock Akil". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on March 24, 2017. Retrieved June 16, 2017.
- ^ "Mara Brock Akil's Superhero Drama Is Moving To The CW". Essence.com. February 6, 2017. Retrieved May 12, 2017.
- ^ 'Black Lightning': Richmond native brings new-look superhero to The CW, Eastbay Times, January 12, 2018
- ^ Horne, Karama (November 6, 2018). "Salim Akil talks Black Lightning, Milestone Comics and the Power of Normalizing the Image of the Black Family". theblerdgurl. Retrieved February 8, 2021.
- ^ Turchiano, Danielle (January 7, 2020). "Mara Brock Akil Signs Fox Entertainment Script Deal". Variety. Retrieved April 4, 2024.
- ^ Andreeva, Nellie (September 9, 2020). "Mara Brock Akil Inks Overall Deal With Netflix As Streamer Sets Premiere Date For Her Series 'Girlfriends'". Deadline. Retrieved September 20, 2020.
- ^ "Mara Brock Akil Launches New Production Company Under Netflix Deal, Hires Susie Fitzgerald". September 27, 2021.
- ^ Franco, Ariela (August 4, 2005). "'Four Sisters' Endow New UCLA Scholarship for Film and Television Students to Portray the African American Experience" (Press release). University of California, Los Angeles. Retrieved November 20, 2014.
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- ^ Johnson, Victoria (June 19, 2018). "Mara Brock Akil on Love Is_, Her Marriage, and Why She Isn't 'Begging' for a Girlfriends Movie". Vulture. Retrieved March 27, 2024.
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- ^ Gelman, Vlada (July 3, 2018). "Love Is___ EP Previews Nuri and Yasir's Post-First Date 'Cocoon Phase'". TVLine. Retrieved March 23, 2024.
Gelman, Vlada (June 19, 2018). "OWN's Love Is___ Premiere". TVLine. Retrieved March 23, 2024. - ^ A. Tinubu, Aramide (June 19, 2018). "Mara Brock Akil And Salim Akil Talk Their Seductive New Show Love Is ___ With Series Leads Will Catlett & Michele Weaver". ShadowAndAct.com. Archived from the original on October 22, 2021.
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{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ Henderson, Cydney. "OWN cancels 'Love Is _' amid domestic violence allegations against producer Salim Akil". USA TODAY. Retrieved February 18, 2021.
- ^ "Amber Dixon Brenner v. Salim Akil et al". JUSTIA Dockets & Filings. Retrieved May 31, 2021.
- ^ Patten, Dominic; Ramos, Dino-Ray (December 2, 2018). "'Black Lightning' EP Salim Akil Says Abuse Claims "Totally Untrue"". Deadline. Retrieved March 1, 2021.
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