Mattawoman Creek is a 30.0-mile-long (48.3 km)[1] coastal-plain tributary to the tidal Potomac River with a mouth at Indian Head, Maryland, 20 miles (32 km) downstream of Washington, D.C. It comprises a 23-mile (37 km) river flowing through Prince George's and Charles counties and a 7-mile (11 km) tidal-freshwater estuary in Charles County. About three-fourths of its 94-square-mile (240 km2) watershed lies in Charles County, with the remainder in Prince George's County immediately to the north.
| Mattawoman Creek | |
|---|---|
 Freshwater-tidal estuary of Mattawoman Creek | |
 | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Maryland |
| Counties | Charles and Prince George's counties |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mouth | |
• location | Potomac River |
• elevation | 0 feet (0 m) |
| Length | 30.0 miles (48.3 km) |
History
editMattawoman appears on Capt. John Smith's circa-1608 map as Mataughquamend, an Algonquian compound translated as “where one goes pleasantly.”[2] Today, Mattawoman Creek is listed by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as impaired under Section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act for excess nutrients, sediment, and loss of living resources.[3][4] At the same time, because it is the southernmost Potomac River freshwater estuary in Maryland,[5] Mattawoman has escaped much of the degradation associated with urbanization spreading from Washington, D.C. It retains noteworthy biodiversity.
Fish
editAssessments of fish communities throughout the Chesapeake Bay system by the Maryland Department of Natural Resources find the Mattawoman estuary to be the most productive of sampled tributaries for migratory fish.[6] Especially abundant are anadromous alewife, blueback herring and American shad and semi-anadromous white and yellow perch. The largemouth bass, a resident gamefish that supports an active recreational fishery in the tidal freshwater Potomac River and its tributaries, also achieves high concentrations in the estuary.[7][8][9] On the basis of fish assessments, Maryland fisheries biologists have concluded that[6]
Mattawoman represents as near to ideal conditions as can be found in the northern Chesapeake Bay, perhaps unattainable in other systems, and should be protected from overdevelopment.
Marshes
editThe estuary supports extensive freshwater tidal marshes that are partially protected as Maryland Wildlands and as Natural Environment Areas. Palustrine wetlands are concentrated in the broad stream valley of the fluvial reaches, where a site with the greatest species richness of amphibians and reptiles in Maryland has been identified by the Department of Natural Resources.[10]
Watershed
editMattawoman drains the town of Indian Head, the town of Bryans Road, and most of Waldorf, the largest community in Charles County. Its watershed remains over 50% forested, but it is approaching a 10% impervious cover,[11] often cited as a threshold for significant degradation as measured by water quality and species diversity.[12] Continued loss of forest and increases in impervious cover are anticipated,[11] as most of the watershed in Charles County falls within a designated development district, which at about 83 square miles (210 km2)[13] (214 km2) is larger than Washington D.C. (61 square miles; 158 km2). With respect to projected growth, the Mattawoman Creek Watershed Management Plan authored by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers notes that[11]
[t]hese intense development practices would have severe repercussions on the biological community and would decrease the habitat quality within the estuary.
Natural resources
editThe quality of Mattawoman’s living resources are acknowledged by Charles County government,[14] while the juxtaposition of high quality and high vulnerability to development are recognized by state[15] and federal agencies.[11] For example, the Mattawoman Creek Watershed Management Plan states:[11]
The Mattawoman Creek represents an important natural resource, with a diverse network of forests, tributaries, and wetlands, providing tremendous fish and wildlife habitat. The ecological integrity of the Mattawoman is at risk from current and future development pressures within the watershed.
The juxtaposition of value and vulnerability has caused the creek and its watershed to become a focal point for regional[16][17] and local[18][19] conservation organizations that work to restore the Chesapeake Bay in the face of growing urbanization, which studies find contribute to the decline of the Bay.[20]
Highway crossing proposals
editProposals for two four-lane highways that would cross the fluvial stream, and the expected attendant development, generated debate. The first, the Western Waldorf Bypass, is one of three alternatives being considered by state and federal agencies for the U.S. 301 Waldorf-Area Transportation Improvements Project.[21] This highway would have divided lengthwise about one-half of the Mattawoman watershed. The second, for which controversial[22] wetlands permit applications were submitted, was a proposed extension of Charles County’s Cross County Connector, which would have crossed the width of the watershed. In 2012 the Army Corps of Engineers denied the wetlands permit application, ending the proposal.[23]
Variant names
editAccording to the Geographic Names Information System, Mattawoman Creek has also been known by the following names.
- Mataughquamend
- Matawoman Creeke
- Matawomen Creeke
- Mattawomans Creek
- Mattawomen Creek
- Pangayo
- Saint Thomas Creeke
- Zachia Swamp
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data. The National Map Archived 2012-03-29 at the Wayback Machine, accessed August 15, 2011
- ^ Kenny Hammil, The Place Names of Maryland, Baltimore, MD: Maryland Historical Society, 1984. ISBN 0-938420-28-3.
- ^ "Total Maximum Daily Loads of Nitrogen and Phosphorus for Mattawoman Creek in Charles County and Prince George's County, Maryland, Maryland Dept. Env., 2004" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-05-26. Retrieved 2008-12-09.
- ^ Environmental Protection Agency letter approving the Maryland Department of the Environment’s Total Maximum Daily Loads for nutrients.
- ^ Alice J. Lippson et al.,. Environmental Atlas of the Potomac Estuary , Environmental Center, Martin Marietta Corp., prepared for Maryland Dept. Nat. Res., 1979.
- ^ a b J. Carmichael et al., Fish Sampling in Eight Chesapeake Bay Tributaries, Maryland Dept. Nat. Res., Chesapeake Bay Research and Monitoring Div., 1992. Report CBRM-HI-92-2. Archived 2011-04-20 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Ken Penrod guides
- ^ K. Penrod, Ken Penrod’s Tidal Potomac River Fishing Bible, PPC Publishing, Beltsville, MD, 1992.
- ^ L. Fewless, Statewide Fisheries Survey and Management Study V: Investigations of largemouth bass populations inhabiting Maryland's tidal waters , Maryland DNR, Freshwater Fisheries Division, 1996. Report F-48-R.
- ^ Maryland Biological Stream Survey 2000-2004, Vol IX, Aquatic Biodiversity Archived 2011-04-20 at the Wayback Machine, Maryland Dept. of Nat. Res., July 2005. Report CBWP-MANTA-EA-05-6.
- ^ a b c d e Mattawoman Creek Watershed Management Plan, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Baltimore District.
- ^ Chesapeake Stormwater Network Bulletin No. 3[permanent dead link]
- ^ Charles County Government: Planning and Growth Management
- ^ Charles County Government: Mattawoman Creek
- ^ Maryland Clean Water Action Plan, 1998. Archived 2012-03-05 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Chesapeake Bay Foundation". Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2008-12-09.
- ^ Washington Smart Growth Alliance, Regional Conservation Priorities 2007. Archived 2008-09-05 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Smarter Growth Alliance for Charles County". Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2008-12-09.
- ^ Mattawoman Watershed Society
- ^ Development growth outpacing progress in watershed efforts to restore the Chesapeake Bay, Office of the Inspector General, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2007. Rpt. #2007-P-00031.
- ^ "U.S. 301 Waldorf Area Transportation Improvements". Archived from the original on 2008-11-28. Retrieved 2020-03-29.
- ^ “Cross County Connector Center of Lengthy and Heated Hearing,” Archived 2011-07-16 at the Wayback Machine Pete Hurrey, TheBayNet.com, Aug. 1, 2008
- ^ Marquis, Andy (29 February 2012). "Army Corps of Engineers Denies Cross County Connector Permit; Commissioners Look to Tackle Waldorf Congestion".