The Mediterranean moray (Muraena helena) is a species of fish in the moray eel family. It has a long eel-like body and is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea.[3] Its bite can be dangerous to humans.[4]
| Mediterranean moray | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Anguilliformes |
| Family: | Muraenidae |
| Genus: | Muraena |
| Species: | M. helena
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| Binomial name | |
| Muraena helena | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
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List
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Appearance and characteristics
editThe Mediterranean moray has an elongated, eel-like body and can reach a length of 1.5 metres (4 ft 11 in) and weigh over 15 kilograms. Its coloration varies from dark grey to dark brown with fine dark spots. The skin is slimy and without scales. The dorsal fin begins behind its head and continues to the caudal fin (fused with the anal fin). Pectoral fins are absent, teeth are long and sharp-pointed (like other morays), and the mouth is long and robust and reaches behind the gills.
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Muraena helena showing typical moray eel morphology: robust anguilliform shape, lack of pectoral fins and circular gill openings -
Captured morays on fish market in Madeira
Ecology
editThe Mediterranean moray inhabits the coastal waters of the eastern Atlantic Ocean from the British Isles to the coast of Senegal; the waters of the Canary Islands and the Azores; and the Mediterranean Sea.[citation needed] It prefers rocky bottoms and lives at depths between 1 and 801 metres with the 100–300 m range the most common habitat.[3] It is a solitary[citation needed] and territorial species. The Mediterranean moray spends most of the day in cavities and clefts between rocks and is more active at night. It hunts fish, crabs and cephalopods,[3] but also feeds on dead animals.
The Mediterranean moray's reproduction is not well known. They spawn about 60,000 eggs into open water, from which planktonic transparent leptocephali hatch.
One parasitic crustacean,[5] the trematode Folliculovarium mediterraneum[6] and the flatworm Lecithochirium grandiporum[7] are parasites of the Mediterranean moray.
Human importance
editThe bite of the Mediterranean moray can be dangerous mainly due to the mildly toxic slime of its skin. It can be utilized fresh and eaten broiled, boiled and baked. The skin can be used for leather.[3]
References
edit- ^ Smith, D. G. (2015). "Muraena helena". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T194974A2370347. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T194974A2370347.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
- ^ Synonyms of Muraena helena at www.fishbase.org.
- ^ a b c d "Muraena helena summary page". FishBase.
- ^ Lichtenberger, Marco (September 2007). "Moray Eel Bite: Poisonous?". Tropical Fish Hobbyist. TFH Publications. p. 118. ISSN 0041-3259. Retrieved 13 December 2024.
- ^ Sasal, Pierre; Morand, Serge; Guégan, Jean-François (10 April 1997). "Determinants of parasite species richness in Mediterranean marine fishes" (PDF). Marine Ecology Progress Series. 149: 61–71. ISSN 1616-1599.
- ^ Bartoli, Pierre; Overstreet, Robin M.; Gibson, David I. (October 2003). "First report of a species of Folliculovarium Gu & Shen, 1983 (Bucephalidae: Prosorhynchinae) from European marine waters, with the description of F. mediterraneum n. sp". Systematic Parasitology. 56 (2). Springer Science: 147–154. doi:10.1023/A:1026198317540. ISSN 0165-5752.
- ^ Bartoli, Pierre; Gibson, David I. (November 2007). "The status of Lecithochirium grandiporum (Rudolphi, 1819) (Digenea: Hemiuridae), a rarely reported and poorly known species from the Mediterranean moray eel Muraena helena L. in the Western Mediterranean". Systematic Parasitology. 68 (3). Springer Science: 183–194. doi:10.1007/s11230-007-9095-5.
External links
edit- Photos of Mediterranean moray on Sealife Collection