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Michel Chamillart or Chamillard (2 January 1652 – 14 April 1721) was a French statesman, a minister of King Louis XIV of France.[1][2]
Chamillart was born in Paris of a family recently raised to the nobility. Following the usual career of a statesman of his time he became in turn councillor of the parlement of Paris (1676), master of requests (1686), and intendant of the generality of Rouen (January 1689). His attractive personality won the confidence of Madame de Maintenon and pleased the king. In 1690 he was made intendant of finances, and on 5 September 1699 the king appointed him Controller-General of Finances,[3] to which he added on the following 7 January the ministry of war.[4] From the first, Chamillart's position was a difficult one. The deficit was more than 53 million livres, and the credit of the state was almost exhausted. Chamillart lacked the intelligence and energy necessary for the situation, and was unable to moderate the king's warlike tastes, or to inaugurate economic reforms. He could only employ the usual expedients of the time—the immoderate sale of offices, the debasement of the coinage (five times in six years), reduction of the rate of interest on state debts, and increased taxation.[5]
Chamillart attempted to force into circulation a kind of paper money, billets de monnaie, with disastrous results owing to the state of credit. He studied Vauban's project for the royal tithe, and Boisguillebert's proposition for the taille, but did not adopt them. In October 1706 he showed the king that the debts immediately due amounted to 288 million, and that the deficit already foreseen for 1707 was 160 million. In October 1707 he saw with consternation that the revenue for 1708 was already entirely eaten up by anticipation, so that neither money nor credit remained for 1708. In these conditions Chamillart, who had often complained of the overwhelming burden he was carrying, and who had already wished to retire in 1706, resigned his office of controller-general. Public opinion attributed to him the ruin of the country,[6] though he had tried in 1700 to improve the condition of commerce by the creation of a council of commerce.
As secretary of state for war he was responsible for raising an army for the War of the Spanish Succession,[7] and had to reorganize it three times, after the defeats of 1704, 1706 and 1708.[8] With an empty treasury he succeeded only in part, and he warned the king that the enemy would soon be able to dictate the terms of peace. He was reproached with having secured the command of the army which besieged Turin (1706) for his son-in-law, the incapable duc de la Feuillade. Even Madame de Maintenon became hostile to him, and he was dismissed from his position on 9 June 1709, retiring to his estates.[9]
Chamillart's papers were published by Gustave Esnault, Michel Chamillart, contrôleur général et secrétaire d'état de la guerre, correspondance et papiers inédits (2 vols, Paris, 1885);[10] and by A de Boislisle in vol. 2 of his Correspondance des controleurs généraux (1883).
References
edit- ^ "Collections Online | British Museum". The British Museum. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
- ^ French Louisiana : a commemoration of the French Revolution bicentennial. Robert B. Holtman, Glenn R. Conrad, Louisiana Committee on the French Revolution. Lafayette, La.: Center for Louisiana Studies, University of Southwestern Louisiana. 1989. p. 31. ISBN 0-940984-52-0. OCLC 21063842.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ Rowlands, Guy (2012). The Financial Decline of a Great Power : War, Influence, and Money in Louis XIV's France. Corby: Oxford University Press. p. 36. ISBN 978-0-19-163694-3. OCLC 812323002.
- ^ Bromley, J.S., ed. (1957–1979). The New Cambridge modern history. G. R. Potter, G. R. Elton, R. B. Wernham, J. P. Cooper, F. L. Carsten, J. S. Bromley. Cambridge University Press. p. 331. ISBN 0-521-22128-5. OCLC 182532.
- ^ Graham, Aaron (2015). Corruption, party, and government in Britain, 1702–1713. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 240. ISBN 978-0-19-105878-3. OCLC 910102733.
- ^ Griffiths, N. E. S. (2005). From migrant to Acadian : a North American border people, 1604–1755. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press. ISBN 978-0-7735-7186-0. OCLC 180773040.
- ^ Swann, Julian (2003). Provincial Power and Absolute Monarchy : The Estates General of Burgundy, 1661–1790. New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press. p. 219. ISBN 0-511-06273-7. OCLC 57256341.
- ^ Klaits, Joseph (1976). Printed propaganda under Louis XIV : Absolute Monarchy and Public Opinion. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 29. ISBN 978-1-4008-6982-4. OCLC 908042196.
- ^ Oelke, K. F. Louis XIV and the Land of Love and Adventure : 1700 to 1715. K. F. Oelke.
- ^ Chamillart, Michel (1977). Correspondance et papiers inédits / 2 (in French). Genève: Mégariotis. OCLC 174778294.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Chamillart, Michel". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 825.
