Wikipedia

Micro Four Thirds system

The Micro Four Thirds system (MFT or M4/3 or M43) (マイクロフォーサーズシステム, Maikuro Fō Sāzu Shisutemu) is a standard released by Olympus Imaging Corporation and Panasonic in 2008,[1] for the design and development of mirrorless interchangeable lens digital cameras, camcorders and lenses.[2] Camera bodies are available from Blackmagic, DJI, JVC, Kodak, Olympus, OM System, Panasonic, Sharp, Logitech Mevo and Xiaomi. MFT lenses are produced by Cosina Voigtländer, Kowa, Kodak, Mitakon, Olympus, Panasonic, Samyang, Sharp, Sigma, SLR Magic, Tamron, Tokina, TTArtisan, Veydra, Xiaomi, Laowa, Yongnuo, Zonlai, Lensbaby, Venus Optics and 7artisans amongst others.

The specifications of the MFT system inherit the original sensor format of the Four Thirds system, designed for DSLRs. However, unlike Four Thirds, the MFT system design specification does not require lens telecentricity, a parameter which accommodated for the inaccurate sensitivity to off-angle light due to the geometry of the photodetectors of contemporary image sensors. Later improvements in manufacturing capabilities enabled the production of sensors with a lower stack height, improving sensitivity to off-angle light, eliminating the necessity of telecentricity and decreasing the distance from the image sensor at which a lens's rear element could be positioned without compromising light detection.[3] Such a lens, however, would eliminate the room necessary to accommodate the mirror box of the single-lens reflex camera design, and would be incompatible with SLR Four Thirds bodies.

Micro Four Thirds reduced the specified flange focal distance from 38.67mm to 19.25mm. This reduction facilitates smaller body and lens designs, and enables the use of adapters to fit almost any lens ever made for a camera with a flange distance larger than 19.25mm to a MFT camera body. Still-camera lenses produced by Canon, Leica, Minolta, Nikon, Pentax and Zeiss have all been successfully adapted for MFT use – as well as lenses produced for cinema, e.g., PL mount or C mount.

Comparison with other systems

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Concept model of MFT camera by Olympus

For comparison of the original Four Thirds with competing DSLR system see Four Thirds system#Advantages, disadvantages and other considerations

Compared to inexpensive digital compact cameras and many bridge cameras, MFT cameras have better, larger sensors, and interchangeable lenses. There are many lenses available. On top of this, a large number of other lenses (even from the analogue film era) can be fitted using an adapter. Different lenses yield greater creative possibilities. However, Micro Four Thirds cameras also tend to be slightly larger, heavier and more expensive than compact cameras.

Compared to most digital SLRs, the Micro Four Thirds system (body and lenses) is smaller and lighter. However, their sensors are smaller than full-frame or even APS-C systems. The small lenses do not allow the noise depth-of-field tradeoffs of larger lenses in other systems. Many, but not all Micro Four Thirds cameras use an electronic viewfinder. Resolutions and refresh speeds on these EVF displays were originally compared negatively to optical viewfinders, but today's EVF systems are faster, brighter and much higher resolution than the original displays. Original Micro Four Thirds cameras used a contrast-detection autofocus system, slower than the phase-detect autofocus that is standard on DSLRs. To this day, most Micro Four Thirds cameras continue to use a contrast-based focusing system. Although some current models, such as the Olympus OM-D E-M1 Mark II, feature a hybrid phase-detect/contrast detect system, Panasonic Lumix cameras continued to use a contrast-based system called DFD (Depth from Defocus) until the release of the G9 II in 2023. Both systems today provide focusing speeds to rival or even surpass many current DSLRs.

Sensor size and aspect ratio

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Drawing showing the relative sizes of sensors used in most current digital cameras, relative to a 35mm film frame

The image sensor of Four Thirds and MFT measures 18 mm × 13.5 mm (22.5 mm diagonal), with an imaging area of 17.3 mm × 13.0 mm (21.63 mm diagonal), comparable to the frame size of 110 film.[4] Its area, ca. 220 mm2, is approximately 30% less than the APS-C sensors used in other manufacturers' DSLRs; it is around 9 times larger than the 1/2.3" sensors typically used in compact digital cameras.

The Four Thirds system uses a 4:3 image aspect ratio, like compact digital cameras. In comparison, DSLRs usually adhere to the 3:2 aspect ratio of the traditional 35 mm format. Thus, "Four Thirds" refers to both the size and the aspect ratio of the sensor.[5] However, the chip diagonal is shorter than 4/3 of an inch; the 4/3 inch designation for this size of sensor dates back to the 1950s and vidicon tubes, when the external diameter of the camera tube was measured, not the active area.

The MFT design standard also specifies multiple aspect ratios: 4:3, 3:2, 16:9 (the native HD video format specification), and 1:1 (a square format). With the exception of a few MFT cameras,[6][7][8] most MFT cameras record in a native 4:3 format image aspect ratio, and through cropping of the 4:3 image, can record in 16:9, 3:2 and 1:1 formats.


Micro Four Thirds sensor generations
Sensor Specifications ISO Dynamic range Camera models PDAF IBIS Features Released
12 Mpx Gen 1 13 Mpx, 4000x3000 effective 100-3200 8EV (-5.0/+3.0) Panasonic G1, G2, G10, GF1, GF2; Olympus E-P1, E-P2, E-P3, E-PL1, E-PL2, E-PL3, E-PM1 No Olympus only SSWF September 2008 (Panasonic G1)
12 Mpx Gen 2 "multi-aspect" 14 Mpx, 4000x3000 effective 100-3200 7.8EV (-4.8/+3.0) Panasonic GH1 No No SSWF, multi-aspect March 2009
16 Mpx Gen 1 "multi-aspect" 18.3 Mpx, 4608x3456 effective 160-12800 11.3EV Panasonic GH2, G5, G6 No No SSWF, multi-aspect (GH2 only) September 2010 (Panasonic GH2)
16 Mpx Gen 2 "Sony" 17 Mpx, 4608x3456 effective 200-12800 12.3EV Olympus E-M5, E-P5, E-PL5, E-PM2; Panasonic GH3 No Olympus only SSWF February 2011 (Olympus E-M5)
16 Mpx Gen 3 16.6 Mpx, 4592x3448 effective 160-12800 10.5EV Panasonic GX1; Panasonic GF6 No No SSWF May 2011 (Panasonic GX1)
12 Mpx Gen 3 13 Mpx, 4000x3000 effective 160-6400 10.1EV Panasonic GF3, GF5 No No SSWF June 2011 (Panasonic GF3)
16 Mpx Gen 4 17 Mpx, 4608x3456 effective 200-25600 12.7EV Panasonic GH4, G7, G80, GX7; Olympus E-M1, E-M5II, E-M10, E-M10II, E-M10III Olympus only Yes SSWF, No AA filter (G80) March 2013 (Olympus PEN E-PL5)
20 Mpx Gen 5 22 Mpx, 5184x3888 effective 200-25600 12.5EV Panasonic G9, G90, GX8

Olympus E-M1 II, E-M1 III, E-M5 III, PEN-F, OM-System OM-5

Olympus EM1, EM5 and OM-5 Only Yes SSWF July 2015 (Panasonic GX8)
25 Mpx Gen 6

25 Mpx (Rev.2) Gen 6

27 Mpx, 5776x4336 effective 100-25600 13EV Panasonic GH6

Panasonic G9 II (Rev.2)

G9 II Only Yes SSWF February 2022 (Panasonic GH6)

September 2023 (Panasonic G9 II)

20 Mpx "BSI" Gen 6 23 Mpx, 5184x3888 effective 200-25600 12.5EV OM-System OM-1 Yes Yes SSWF March 2022

Lens mount

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The lens mount of the Panasonic Lumix G 14mm F2.5 ASPH

The MFT system design specifies a bayonet type lens mount with a flange focal distance of 19.25 mm. By avoiding internal mirrors, the MFT standard allows a much thinner camera body.

Viewfinders for a mirrorless camera

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Viewing is achieved on all models by live view electronic displays with LCD screens. In addition, some models feature a built-in electronic viewfinder (EVF), while others may offer optional detachable electronic viewfinders. An independent optical viewfinder typically matched to a particular non-zoom prime lens is sometimes an option.[citation needed]

Backward compatibility

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The throat diameter is about 38 mm, 6 mm less than that of the Four Thirds system. Electrically, MFT uses an 11-contact connector between lens and camera, adding to the nine contacts in the Four Thirds system design specification. Olympus claims full backward compatibility for many of its existing Four Thirds lenses on MFT bodies, using a purpose built adapter with both mechanical and electrical interfaces.[9]

Adapters to other lens mounts

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The shallow but wide MFT lens mount also allows the use of existing lenses including Leica M, Leica R, and Olympus OM system lenses, via Panasonic and Olympus adapters. Aftermarket adapters include Leica Screw Mount, Contax G, C mount, Arri PL mount, Praktica, Canon, Nikon, and Pentax, amongst others.[10] In fact, almost any still camera, movie or video camera interchangeable lens that has a flange focal distance greater than or marginally less than 20 mm can often be used on MFT bodies via an adapter. While MFT cameras can use many of these "legacy" lenses only with manual focus and manual aperture control mode, hundreds of lenses are available, even those designed for cameras no longer in production.

While lens manufacturers seldom publish lens mount specifications, the MFT mount has been reverse-engineered by enthusiasts, with CAD files available.[11]

Autofocus design

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Until 2013, MFT cameras exclusively used contrast-detection autofocus (CDAF), a common autofocus system for mirrorless compact or "point-and-shoot". By comparison, DSLRs use phase-detection autofocus (PDAF). The use of separate PDAF sensors has been favored in DSLR systems because of mirror box and pentaprism design, along with better performance for fast-moving subjects.

The (non-Micro) Four Thirds system design standard specifies a 40 mm flange focal length distance, which allowed for using a single lens reflex design, with mirror box and pentaprism. Four Thirds DSLR cameras designed by Olympus and Panasonic initially used exclusively PDAF focusing systems. Olympus then introduced the first live view DSLR camera, which incorporated both traditional DSLR phase focus and also optional contrast detection focus. As a result, newer Four Thirds system lenses were designed both for PDAF and contrast focus. Several of the Four Thirds lenses focus on Micro Four Thirds proficiently when an electrically compatible adapter is used on the Micro Four Thirds cameras, and they focus on Micro Four Thirds cameras much quicker than earlier generation Four Thirds lenses can.

Some MFT cameras, beginning with the Olympus OM-D E-M1 in 2013, incorporate phase-detection hardware on the sensor. Besides offering faster autofocus speed, these camera bodies perform better with legacy lenses (e.g. focus performance of the 150mm f/2 and 300mm f/2.8 lenses are as quick and accurate as a native Four Thirds body). The Panasonic G9 II is the first micro four thirds camera from Panasonic which has phase detect autofocus.

Flange focal distance and crop factor

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The much shorter flange focal distance enabled by the removal of the mirror allows normal and wide angle lenses to be significantly smaller because they do not have to use strongly retrofocal designs.

The Four Thirds sensor format used in MFT cameras is equivalent to a 2.0 crop factor when compared to a 35 mm film (full frame) camera. This means that the field of view of an MFT lens is the same as a full frame lens with twice the focal length. For example, a 50 mm lens on a MFT body would have a field of view equivalent to a 100 mm lens on a full frame camera. For this reason, MFT lenses can be smaller and lighter because to achieve the equivalent 35 mm film camera field of view, the MFT focal length is much shorter. See the table of lenses below to understand the differences better. For comparison, typical DSLR sensors, such as Canon's APS-C sensors, have a crop factor of 1.6.

Equivalents

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Equivalent images are made by photographing the same angle of view, with the same depth of field and the same Angular resolution due to diffraction limitation (which requires different f-stops on different focal length lenses), the same motion blur (requires the same shutter speed), therefore the ISO setting must differ to compensate for the f-stop difference. The use of this is only to let us compare the effectiveness of the sensors given the same amount of light hitting them. In normal photography with any one camera, equivalence is not necessarily an issue: there are several lenses faster than f/2.4 for Micro Four Thirds (see the tables under Fixed Focal Length Lenses, below), and there are certainly many lenses faster than f/4.8 for full frame. Although they can have shallower depth of field than a Nikon 1 at f/1.7, it can be seen as advantageous. However, a further aspect of image resolution is limitation by optical aberration, which can be compensated the better the smaller the focal lengths of a lens is.[12] Lenses designed for mirrorless camera systems such as Nikon 1 or Micro Four Thirds often use image-space telecentric lens designs,[13] which reduce shading and therefore light loss and blurring at the microlenses of the image sensor.[14] Furthermore, in low light conditions by using low f-numbers a too-shallow depth of field can lead to less satisfying image results, especially in videography, when the object being filmed by the camera or the camera itself is moving.

Equivalent focal lengths are given, if the angle of view is identical.[15]

The depth of field is identical, if angle of view and absolute aperture width are identical. Also the relative diameters of the Airy disks representing the limitation by diffraction are identical. Therefore, the equivalent f-numbers are varying.[16]

In this case, i.e., with the same luminous flux within the lens, the illuminance quadratically decreases and the luminous intensity quadratically increases with the image size. Therefore, all systems detect the same luminances and the same exposure values in the image plane. As a consequence, the equivalent exposure indexes (respectively equivalent ISO speeds) are different in order to get the identical shutter speeds (i.e., exposure times) with the same levels of motion blur and image stabilisation.[17] Furthermore, for a given guide number of a photoflash device all systems have the same exposure at the same flash-to-subject distance.

The following table shows a few identical image parameters for some popular image sensor classes compared to Micro Four Thirds.[18] The smaller the focal length, the smaller the displacement in the image space between the last principal plane of the lens and the image sensor needed to focus a certain object. Therefore, the energy needed for focusing as well as the appropriate delay for shifting the focusing lens system are shorter, the smaller the focal length is.

Image sensor class Equivalent focal length at wide angle (diagonal angle of view ≈ 75°) Equivalent focal length at normal angle (diagonal angle of view ≈ 47°) Equivalent focal length at tele angle (diagonal angle of view ≈ 29°) Equivalent f-number at identical depth of field and identical diffraction-limited resolution Equivalent exposure index at identical exposure time and flash range Displacement in image space when focusing from infinite to one metre in object space at normal angle
Nikon 1 10 mm 18 mm 31 mm 1.7 100 0.33 mm
Four Thirds 14 mm 25 mm 42.5 mm 2.4 200 0.64 mm
APS-C 18 mm 33 mm 57 mm 3.2 360 1.1 mm
Full-frame 28 mm 50 mm 85 mm 4.8 800 2.6 mm

Advantages of Micro Four Thirds over DSLR cameras

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Smallest mirrorless interchangeable lens camera, Panasonic GM1 side by side with AA battery.

Micro Four Thirds has several advantages over larger format cameras and lenses:

  • Cameras and lenses are generally smaller and lighter, making them easier to carry and more discreet.
  • The shorter flange focal distance means that most manual lenses can be adapted for use, though C-mount lenses have a slightly shorter flange focal distance and are trickier to adapt.
  • The shorter flange focal distance allows for smaller, lighter, and less expensive lenses, particularly with wide angle lenses.
  • Contrast-detection autofocus is not prone to systematic front- or back-focusing errors which may occur with phase-detection autofocus on DSLRs, eliminating the need to individually calibrate focusing for each lens to each camera.
  • The absence of a mirror eliminates the need for an additional precision assembly, along with its "mirror slap" noise and resultant camera vibration/movement.
  • The smaller sensor generates less heat and can be cooled more easily, reducing image noise when shooting long exposure and videography.
  • Because of the reduced sensor-flange distance, the sensor is easier to clean than with a DSLR, which also have delicate mirror mechanisms attached.
  • The smaller sensor (2× crop factor) allows for longer telephoto reach with smaller and lighter lenses.
  • The smaller sensor size gives deeper depth-of-field for the same field of view and equivalent f-number. This can be desirable in some situations, such as landscape and macro shooting as well as video shooting in low light conditions.
  • Some models are equipped with electronic viewfinders, which have certain advantages over conventional optical viewfinders (see below).

Advantages of the electronic viewfinder

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2.36M-dot OLED electronic viewfinder of Panasonic Lumix DMC-G80

Though many DSLRs also have "live view" functionality, these often function relatively poorly compared to a Micro Four Thirds electronic viewfinder (EVF), which has the following advantages:

  • Real-time preview of exposure, white balance, and tone.
  • Can show a low-light scene brighter than it is.
  • The viewfinder can provide a zoomed preview, allowing for more precise manual focus.
  • The viewfinder can be used while shooting videos. On a DSLR, the mirror must be flipped up to shoot video, which prevents use of the optical viewfinder.
  • The viewfinder displays how the sensor sees the potential picture, rather than an optical view, which may differ.
  • The view can appear larger than some optical viewfinders, especially on lower-end DSLRs, whose viewfinders often have a tunnel-like view.
  • Not reliant on a moving mirror and shutter, which otherwise adds noise, weight, design complexity, and cost.
  • No weight or size penalty for better quality of materials and design. Optical viewfinder quality varies greatly across all DSLRs.[19]

Olympus and Panasonic approached the implementation of electronic viewfinders in two ways: the built-in EVF, and the optional hotshoe add-on EVF.

Until the introduction of the OM-D E-M5 in February, 2012, none of the Olympus designs included a built-in EVF. Olympus has four available add-on hotshoe viewfinders. The Olympus VF-1 is an optical viewfinder with an angle of view of 65 degrees, equivalent to the 17mm pancake lens field of view, and was designed primarily for the EP-1. Olympus has since introduced the high resolution VF-2 EVF,[20] and a newer, less expensive, slightly lower resolution VF-3[21] for use in all its MFT cameras after the Olympus EP-1. These EVF's not only slip into the accessory hotshoe, but also plug into a dedicated proprietary port for power and communication with Olympus cameras only. Both the VF-2 and VF-3 may also be used on high-end Olympus compact point and shoot cameras such as the Olympus XZ-1. Olympus announced the VF-4 in May 2013, along with the fourth generation PEN flagship, the E-P5.

As of mid-2011, Panasonic G and GH series cameras have built in EVF's, while two of the three GF models are able to use the add-on LVF1[22] hotshoe EVF. The LVF1 must also plug into a proprietary port built into the camera for power and communication. This proprietary port and the accessory is omitted in the Panasonic Lumix DMC-GF3 design. Similar to Olympus, the LVF1 is usable on high-end Panasonic compact point and shoot cameras, such as the Panasonic Lumix DMC-LX5.

Disadvantages of Micro Four Thirds compared to DSLRs

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DSLR-styled mirrorless Panasonic Lumix DMC-G85/G80
 
Rangefinder-styled Panasonic Lumix DMC-GX80/DMC-GX85/GX7 Mark II (2016)
  • The Four Thirds sensor (2.0× crop factor) is 68% the size of Canon APS-C (1.6x crop factor), 61% the size of Nikon/Sony APS-C (1.5x crop factor), and 25% the size of a full frame sensor (1.0× crop factor, 35 mm equivalent). This can mean lower image quality when all other variables are the same, including poorer color transitions and more noise at identical ISO settings, especially in low light, when compared with the larger sensors.[23]
  • Contrast-detection autofocus systems such as those used in Micro Four Thirds cameras were initially slower than the phase-detection systems used in DSLRs. Note that this disadvantage has mostly been eliminated, at least for static subjects; the Olympus OM-D E-M5 (2012) compares favorably with DSLRs in single AF.[24] Contrast detection also tends to perform poorly when tracking moving subjects, though cameras with on-sensor phase detection autofocus, introduced in the Olympus OM-D E-M1 in 2013, can perform comparably to DSLRs in continuous AF mode. The Panasonic G9 II has phase detect autofocus. The Olympus OM-D E-M1X and the Panasonic G9 II both use technology trained by artificial intelligence in order to predict the area of interest and its behaviour.[25]
  • Due to the absence of a mirror and prism mechanism, there is no ability to use a through-the-lens optical viewfinder. A through-the-lens electronic viewfinder, an attachable not-through-the-lens optical viewfinder (similar to a rangefinder or TLR), or the universally-supplied LCD screen must be used instead.
  • Theoretically, changing lenses can expose the sensor to more dust in a "mirrorless" camera design, compared to DSLRs that have both a mirror and a closed shutter protecting the sensor. Mirrorless cameras have dust-removal systems that try to minimize this problem, and in practice they experience fewer dust problems than a DSLR.[26] Many Micro Four Thirds users report never having found dust on the sensor at all.[27]
  • A larger crop factor (2× multiplier, versus 1.5× or 1.6× on APS-C) means greater depth-of-field for the same equivalent field of view and f/stop when compared with APS-C and especially full frame cameras. This can be a disadvantage when a photographer wants to blur a background, such as when shooting portraits.[28]
  • Some Micro Four Thirds cameras and lenses are very small, which can result in relatively poor ergonomics for users with larger hands. This applies especially to handling, the depth of the right-hand grip, and the size and placement of buttons and dials.
  • Micro Four Thirds lenses can be used on 35 mm equivalent *(full-frame) and APS-C cameras but will be susceptible to lens vignetting.
  • Older cameras can be prone to "shutter shock" at slower shutter speeds. In a DSLR, the shutter opens and closes, while a Micro Four Thirds camera has to close the shutter, open-close it, then open it again whenever a photo is taken.[citation needed]

Advantages of Micro Four Thirds over compact digital cameras

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  • Greatly increased sensor size (5–9 times larger area) gives much better image quality, e.g. low light performance and greater dynamic range, with reduced noise.
  • Interchangeable lenses allow more optical choices including niche, legacy, and future lenses.
  • Shallower depth of field possible (e.g. for portraits and bokeh).
  • Sharper images at slower shutter speeds as a result of IBIS (In-Body Image Stabilization) common in Panasonic and Olympus Micro Four Thirds cameras.

Disadvantages of Micro Four Thirds compared to compact digital cameras

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  • Increased physical size and weight (camera and lenses are both larger due to increased sensor size).
  • Extreme zoom lenses available on compacts (such as 30× to 120× models) are more expensive or simply not available on large sensor cameras due to physical size, cost, and practicality considerations.
  • Similarly, larger sensors and shallow depth-of-field make bundled macro capability and close focusing more difficult, often requiring separate, specialized lenses.
  • Higher cost.

Popularity with adapted/legacy lenses

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Olympus PEN E-PL2 with a legacy lens OM Zuiko 50mm f/1.8
 
Panasonic Lumix GF1 with K mount adapter and Cambron 28mm manual lens

Due to the short native flange distance of the Micro Four Thirds System, the usage of adapted lenses from practically all formats has become widely popular. Because lenses can be used from old and abandoned camera systems, adapted lenses typically represent good value for the money. Adapters ranging from low- to high-quality are readily available for purchase online. Canon FD, Nikon F (G lenses require special adapters), MD/MC, Leica M, M42 Screw Mount, and C-mount Cine lenses are all easily adaptable to the Micro Four Thirds system with glassless adapters, resulting in no induced loss of light or sharpness.

Adapted lenses retain their native focal lengths but field of view is reduced by half —i.e., an adapted 50mm lens is still a 50mm lens in terms of focal length but has a narrower FOV equivalent to a 100mm lens due to the Micro Four Thirds System 2x crop factor. Therefore, most adapted glass from the 35mm film era and current DSLR lineups provide effective fields of view varying from normal to extreme telephoto. Wide angles are generally not practical for adapted use from both an image quality and value point of view.

Using older adapted lenses on Micro Four Thirds sometimes leads to a slight losses in image quality. This is the result of placing high resolution demands on the center crop of decade old 35mm lenses. Therefore, 100% crops from the lenses do not usually represent the same level of pixel-level sharpness as they would on their native formats. Another slight disadvantage of using adapted lenses can be size. By using a 35mm film lens, one would be using a lens that casts an image circle that is far larger than what is required by Micro Four Thirds Sensors.

The main disadvantage of using adapted lenses however, is that focus is manual even with natively autofocus lenses. Full metering functionality is maintained however, as are some automated shooting modes (aperture priority). A further disadvantage with some LM and LTM lenses is that lenses with significant rear protrusions simply do not fit inside the camera body and risk damaging lens or body.[citation needed] An example is the Biogon type of lens.

Overall, the ability to use adapted lenses gives Micro Four Thirds a great advantage in overall versatility and the practice has gained a somewhat cult following. Image samples can be found readily online, and in particular on the MU-43 adapted lenses forum.

Micro Four Thirds system cameras

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Some components of the digital camera system Micro Four Thirds (from the upper left to the lower right): fast prime lens for portraits, telephoto zoom lens, superzoom, wide-angle lens, standard zoom lens, camera body with articulating electronic viewfinder, camera body with fixed electronic viewfinder, system flashlight, pluggable flashlight, a set of three extension tubes, mechanical lens mount adapter for Leica R, polarising filter, pin hole lens, macro zoom lens
See also: List of Micro Four Thirds cameras

As of June 2012, Olympus, Panasonic, Cosina Voigtländer, Carl Zeiss AG, Jos. Schneider Optische Werke GmbH, Komamura Corporation, Sigma Corporation, Tamron,[29] Astrodesign,[29] Yasuhara,[30] and Blackmagic Design[31] have a commitment to the Micro Four Thirds system.

The first Micro Four Thirds system camera was Panasonic Lumix DMC-G1, which was launched in Japan in October 2008.[32] In April 2009, Panasonic Lumix DMC-GH1 with HD video recording added to it.[33] The first Olympus model, the Olympus PEN E-P1, was shipped in July 2009.

Blackmagic Design sells cameras made for cinematography, some of which use the MFT lens mount. Their first MFT camera was the Blackmagic Pocket Cinema Camera (BPCC), which was announced in April 2013 with 1080HD recording.[34]

In August 2013, SVS Vistek GmbH in Seefeld, Germany introduced the first high-speed industrial camera with a MFT lens mount, using 4/3" sensors from Truesense Imaging, Inc (formerly Kodak sensors, now part of ON Semiconductor). The SVS Vistek Evo "Tracer" cameras have resolution-dependent shutter speeds, ranging from 147 frames per second (fps) at 1 megapixel (model evo1050 TR) to 22 fps at 8 megapixels (model evo8051 TR).[35][36]

In 2014, JK Imaging Ltd., which holds the Kodak brand, released its first Micro Four Thirds camera, the Kodak Pixpro S-1;[37] several lenses and niche camera makers have products made for the standard. In 2015, DJI released the Zenmuse X5 and X5R, which are gimbal-mounted cameras with a MFT lens mount, as optional upgrades for its Inspire drone line. Both cameras can capture 16MP stills and up to 4K/30fps video using one of four interchangeable lenses, ranging from 12mm to 17mm.[38] In 2016, Xiaoyi introduced the YI M1, a 20MP MFT camera with 4K video capability.[39] Also in 2016, Z-Camera released the E1, designed to shoot still and video with an MFT lens mount.[40]

Micro Four Thirds lenses

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See also: List of Micro Four Thirds lenses

Because the flange focal distance of Micro Four Thirds cameras are shorter than DSLRs, most lenses are smaller and cheaper.[citation needed]

Of particular interest in illustrating this fact are the Panasonic 7–14 mm ultra-wide angle (equivalent to 14–28 mm in the 35 mm film format) and the Olympus M.Zuiko Digital ED 9–18 mm ultra wide-angle lens (equivalent to an 18–36 mm zoom lens in the 35 mm film format). This feature also permitted the lens designers to develop the world's fastest fisheye lens with autofocus, the Olympus ED 8 mm f/1.8.

On the telephoto end, the Panasonic 100–300 mm or the Leica DG 100-400 mm as well as the Olympus 75–300 mm zooms show how small and light extreme telephotos can be made. The 400 mm focal length in Micro Four Thirds has the same angle of view as an 800 mm focal length in full frame cameras.

When compared to a full frame camera lens providing a similar angle of view, rather than weighing a few kilograms (several pounds) and generally having a length exceeding 60 cm (24 in) end to end, the optically stabilized Panasonic Lumix G Vario 100–300 mm lens weighs just 520 g (18 oz), is only 126 mm (5.0 in) long, and uses a relatively petite 67 mm filter size.[41] As a point of comparison, the Nikkor-P 600 mm f5.6 telephoto introduced for the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo weighs 3,600 g (130 oz), is 516.5 mm (20.33 in) in length and uses a 122 mm filter.[42]

Image stabilization approaches

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Olympus and Panasonic have both produced cameras with sensor-based stabilization, and lenses with stabilization. However, the lens stabilization will only work together with body stabilization for cameras of the same brand. Before 2013, Olympus and Panasonic approached image stabilization (IS) differently. Olympus used sensor-shift image stabilization only, which it calls IBIS (In-Body Image Stabilization), a feature included all of its cameras. Until 2013, Panasonic used lens-based stabilization only, called Mega OIS or Power OIS (Optical Image Stabilization). These stabilize the image by shifting a small optical block within the lens.

In 2013, Panasonic began including sensor-based stabilization in its cameras, beginning with the Lumix DMC-GX7. Panasonic called the combination of lens and body stabilization "Dual IS," and this function won an award of the European Imaging and Sound Association (EISA) in the category Photo Innovation 2016–2017.[43] In 2016, Olympus added lens-based stabilization to the M. Zuiko 300mm f/4.0 Pro telephoto prime lens and the M. Zuiko 12-100mm f/4.0 IS Pro lens.

Panasonic claims that OIS is more accurate because the stabilization system can be designed for the particular optical characteristics of each lens. A disadvantage of this approach is that the OIS motor and shift mechanism must be built into each lens, making lenses more expensive than comparable non-OIS lenses. Of all Panasonic lenses only few with short focal lengths, and therefore wide angles of view and low susceptibility to image shaking, are not image stabilized, including the 8 mm fisheye, 7–14 mm wide angle zoom, 14 mm prime, the 15 mm prime, the 20 mm prime and the 25 mm prime.

The advantage of in-body IS is that even unstabilized lenses can make use of the in-body stabilization.

Mount adaptability

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Since most Micro Four Thirds lenses have neither a mechanical focusing ring nor an aperture ring, adapting these lenses for other camera mounts is impossible or compromised. A variety of companies manufacture adapters to use lenses from nearly any legacy lens mount[10] (such lenses, of course, support no automatic functions.) For the Four Third lenses that can be mounted on MFT bodies, see Four Thirds system lenses. For the Four Third lenses that support AF, see the Olympus website.[44] For those that support fast AF (Imager AF), see the Olympus website.[45]

3D

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On July 27, 2010, Panasonic announced the development of a three-dimensional optic solution for the Micro Four Thirds system. A specially designed lens allows it to capture stereo images compatible with VIERA 3D-TV-sets and Blu-ray 3D Disc Players.[46]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Butler, Richard (August 5, 2008). "Olympus / Panasonic announce Micro Four Thirds". Digital Photography Review. Archived from the original on 2014-08-17. Retrieved 2021-09-14.
  2. ^ "Panasonic introduces AG-AF100" (press release). Panasonic. Archived from the original on 2012-04-27. Retrieved 2012-05-19.
  3. ^ Johnston, Mike (2011-08-11). "The Online Photographer: Micro Four-Thirds and Telecentricity". The Online Photographer. Retrieved 2024-01-11.
  4. ^ "No more compromises: The Four Thirds Standard". Olympus Europe. Archived from the original on 2011-07-14. Retrieved 2007-11-09.
  5. ^ Knaur (October 1, 2002). "Interview". A Digital Eye. Archived from the original on December 5, 2002.
  6. ^ "Panasonic Lumix DMC-GH1 Review". Digital Photography Review. Retrieved 2012-05-19.
  7. ^ "Panasonic DMC-GH2 Review". Digital Photography Review. Retrieved 2012-05-19.
  8. ^ "JK Imaging, Blackmagic Design and others join Micro Four Thirds". Digital Photography Review. 2013-01-21. Retrieved 2015-06-24.
  9. ^ "M adapter", MFT products, Four Thirds consortium, archived from the original on 2009-02-21, retrieved 2009-02-24.
  10. ^ a b "Adapters for Micro Four Thirds Cameras". Novoflex. Archived from the original on 2012-06-19. Retrieved 2012-05-19.
  11. ^ "Micro Four Thirds Mount Technical Drawing and CAD". Retrieved 2022-12-25.
  12. ^ Interchangeable Lenses – Chromatic Aberration Compensation - Essential technologies of lens designs that enhance resolving power Archived 2016-10-21 at the Wayback Machine, nikon.com, August 2014, retrieved 13. September 2016
  13. ^ Ashton Acton: Refractive Errors—Advances in Research and Treatment, page 40, Scholarly Editions, 2013, ISBN 9781481692076
  14. ^ Why is the Micro Four Thirds sensor so sharp in spite of its small size, four-thirds.org, retrieved 13. September 2016
  15. ^ Äquivalente Brennweite, Wikibook Digitale bildgebende Verfahren, Kapitel Bildaufnahme, retrieved 17. Januar 2016
  16. ^ Äquivalente Blendenzahl, Wikibook Digitale bildgebende Verfahren, Kapitel Bildaufnahme, retrieved 17. Januar 2016
  17. ^ Äquivalente Lichtempfindlichkeit, Wikibook Digitale bildgebende Verfahren, Kapitel Bildaufnahme, retrieved 17. Januar 2016
  18. ^ What is equivalence and why should I care?, dpreview.com, 7 July 2014, retrieved 17. January 2016
  19. ^ "Optical Viewfinders (OVFs) vs. Electronic Viewfinders (EVFs)". Discover Digital Photography. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
  20. ^ "Olympus Press Pass: Press Release". Olympus America. Retrieved 2012-05-19.
  21. ^ "Swing Into Action! Olympus Unleashes The Highly Anticipated PEN E-PL3 Camera Featuring Tilting LCD And The New VF-3 Electronic Viewfinder". Olympus America CCS Department. 2011-07-27. Retrieved 2012-05-19.
  22. ^ "Pressroom". Panasonic USA. Archived from the original on 2012-03-18. Retrieved 2012-05-19.
  23. ^ Northrup, Tony (2013). Photography Buying Guide: How to Choose a Camera, Lens, Tripod, Flash & More. Waterford, CT: Mason Press. p. 52. ISBN 978-0-98826342-0. Retrieved 27 December 2014.
  24. ^ "Olympus E-M5 Review", Digital Photography Review.
  25. ^ William Brawley, Mike Tomkins, Dave Pardue, Jeremy Gray and Zig Weidelich: Olympus E-M1X Review, Imaging Resource, 24 January 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2019
  26. ^ Mansurov, Nasim. "Mirrorless vs DSLR". Photography Life. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
  27. ^ Hicks, Laura. "Migrating to Mirrorless: Death of the DSLR". Digital Camera Review. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
  28. ^ M-Zuiko Digital ED 45mm f/1.8, Olympus.
  29. ^ a b Astrodesign, Olympus, 2012, archived from the original on 2012-06-26
  30. ^ Yasuhara, archived from the original on 2012-05-29
  31. ^ "JK Imaging, Blackmagic Design and others join Micro Four Thirds". Digital Photography Review. 2013-01-21. Retrieved 2015-06-24.
  32. ^ "Panasonic Lumix G1 reviewed". Digital Photography Review.
  33. ^ "Panasonic premieres DMC-GH1 with HD video recording". Digital Photography Review. 2009-03-03. Retrieved 2009-03-11.
  34. ^ "Blackmagic Design Announces Blackmagic Pocket Cinema Camera" (Press release). Blackmagic Design. April 8, 2013. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  35. ^ "evo8051CFLGEC67TR". SVS-Vistek. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  36. ^ "Industrial Cameras: SVCam-Product Line made by SVS-VISTEK" (PDF). Alliance Vision. January 2016. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  37. ^ Westlake, Andy. "Kodak Pixpro S-1 First Impressions Review". Digital Photography Review. Retrieved September 30, 2014.
  38. ^ Tarantola, Andrew (11 September 2015). "DJI unveils custom aerial Micro Four Thirds camera". Retrieved September 11, 2015.
  39. ^ "小蚁微单相机M1". www.xiaoyi.com. Archived from the original on 2016-12-01. Retrieved 2016-09-26.
  40. ^ Audonis, Ty (February 11, 2016). "Z-Camera E1 Review". Videomaker. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  41. ^ "Digital Interchangeable Lenses". Lumix Digital Camera. Panasonic. Retrieved 2012-05-19.
  42. ^ "600 mm f5.6 Nikkor-P Auto Telephoto Lens". MY: Mir. Retrieved 2012-05-19.
  43. ^ EISA Awards Photography Archived 2016-10-27 at the Wayback Machine, eisa.eu, retrieved 12 November 2016
  44. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-14. Retrieved 2011-02-22.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  45. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-05-16. Retrieved 2011-02-22.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  46. ^ Panasonic announces development of world's first interchangeable 3D lens for Lumix G Micro system Archived 2010-07-30 at the Wayback Machine, Panasonic
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