Curaçao Synagogue

Mikvé Israel-Emanuel
Mikvé Israel-Emanuel
Hebrew: בית הכנסת מקווה ישראל-עמנואל
	The western façade of the synagogue in 2008
Religion
Affiliation	Reconstructionist Judaism
Rite	Nusach Sefard
Ecclesiastical or organisational status	Synagogue
Status	Active
Location
Location	Hanchi di Snoa 29, Punda, Willemstad
Country	Curaçao
	Location of the synagogue in Curaçao
Geographic coordinates	12°6′18″N 68°55′57″W / 12.10500°N 68.93250°W
Architecture
Type	Synagogue architecture
Date established	1651 (as a congregation)
Completed	1732
Materials	Brick
Website
	snoa.com (in Dutch)

The Mikvé Israel-Emanuel Synagogue (Hebrew: בית הכנסת מקווה ישראל-עמנואל, lit. 'Hope of Israel-Emanuel Synagogue'), is a Reconstructionist Jewish congregation and synagogue, located at Hanchi di Snoa 29, Punda, in the city of Willemstad, Curaçao, a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in southern Caribbean Sea. The congregation was established in 1651 and the synagogue was completed in 1732, making it the oldest surviving synagogue in the Americas.

Commonly known as the Snoa (short for esnoga, an old Portuguese and Judaeo-Spanish word for synagogue), it is a major tourist attraction in Curaçao, and was visited by Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands and her family in 1992.^[1]

History

The congregation, Mikvé Israel, dates from the 1650s and consisted of Spanish and Portuguese Jews from the Netherlands and Brazil. In the nineteenth century there was a breakaway Reform community (Emanu El); the two merged to form the present community in 1964. The community is now affiliated with Reconstructionist Judaism.

The first synagogue building was purchased in 1674; the current building dates from 1730.^[2] One visitor to the synagogue observed, upon entering through a quiet courtyard, viewing the azure stained glass windows and walking across a sand covered floor toward the carved mahogany Holy Ark that the sand floors remind congregants "...of how its Jewish ancestors on the Iberian peninsula covered the floors of their makeshift prayer houses so that their footsteps would be muffled and the suspicion of potential denouncers would not be aroused."^[3]

With its three high vaulted ceilings, the Holy Ark and the pulpit, the galleries, the benches and the chandeliers,^[4] the interior of the synagogue bears a marked resemblance to the Portuguese Synagogue in Amsterdam. Attached to the synagogue is the Jewish Historical Cultural Museum, whose collection includes replicas of artistic tombstones from the Beit Chaim Bleinheim in Curaçao, the oldest Jewish cemetery still in use in the Western Hemisphere.^[5]

The other Royal Dutch island in the Caribbean with a historical synagogue is Sint Eustatius, where the ruins of the Honen Dalim synagogue of 1739 still stand on the Synagogepad. An even older synagogue existed at Jodensavanne, Suriname, Beracha ve Shalom ("Blessings and Peace"), built between 1665 and 1671. Unlike the Curaçao synagogue, however, these other synagogues are no longer in use.