Milton Rokeach (born in Hrubieszów as Mendel Rokicz, December 27, 1918 – October 25, 1988) was a Polish-born American[citation needed] social psychologist. He taught at Michigan State University, the University of Western Ontario, Washington State University, and the University of Southern California. A Review of General Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Rokeach as the 85th most cited psychologist of the 20th century.[1]
Early life
editBorn to Jewish parents in Hrubieszów, Poland, Rokeach emigrated to the United States with his parents at age seven. After graduating from Brooklyn College, he received his Ph.D degree from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1947.
Contributions to psychology
editFrom 1959 to 1961, Rokeach conducted a well-known experiment in which he observed the interaction of three mentally ill patients, each of whom believed he was Jesus Christ at the Ypsilanti State Hospital.[2] The Three Christs of Ypsilanti, was Rokeach's most famous research in values and beliefs, and was subsequently adapted into a screenplay, a stage play, two operas [3] and a movie.[4]
In addition, Rokeach conducted a mid-20th–century study in Southern American, where he tried to determine the basis for racial prejudice. He found racial prejudice to be inversely related to socio-economic status and thus concluded that such bias is used in an attempt to elevate one's own status.[5]
Rokeach studied long-term attitude change, which earned his ranking as the 26th most frequently cited psychologist at that time in social science abstracts. In the final years of his career, Rokeach wrote The Nature of Human Values (1973) which served as the test manual for the Rokeach Value Survey (see values scales). Rokeach also did experimental work in problem-solving, and additional factor analyses on the construction of a scale to measure dogmatism. In the book, he posited that relatively few "terminal human values" are the internal reference points that all people use to formulate attitudes and opinions. Futhermore, by measuring the "relative ranking" of the values, one could predict a wide variety of behaviors, including political affiliation and religious belief. This theory led to a series of experiments in which changes in values led to measurable changes.
Personal life
editRokeach taught psychology at various universities, such as Michigan State, Western Ontario, Washington State, and Southern California. In 1969, Rokeach married sociologist Sandra Ball-Rokeach.[citation needed]
Awards
editIn 1984, Rokeach received the Kurt Lewin Memorial Award of the American Psychological Association. In 1988, he received the Harold Lasswell Award of the International Society of Political Psychology.
Bibliography
edit- The Open and Closed Mind (1960)
- The Three Christs of Ypsilanti Google Books Link (1964)
- Beliefs, Attitudes, and Values: A Theory of Organization and Change (1968)
- The Nature of Human Values (1973)
- Understanding Human Values: Individual and Societal (1979)
- (with Sandra Ball-Rokeach and Joel W. Grube) The Great American Values Test: Influencing Behavior and Belief Through Television (1984)
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Haggbloom, Steven J.; et al. (2002). "The 100 most eminent psychologists of the 20th century". Review of General Psychology. 6 (2): 139–152. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.586.1913. doi:10.1037/1089-2680.6.2.139. S2CID 145668721.
- ^ Maack, Benjamin (January 19, 2010). "Irre Experimente". Spiegel Online (in German). Der Spiegel. Retrieved January 19, 2010.
- ^ "The Three Christs of Ypsilanti". Retrieved May 10, 2010.
- ^ "Three Christs". IMDb. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
- ^ T.L. Brink. (2008) Psychology: A Student Friendly Approach. "Unit 13: Social Psychology." pp. 300 [1]
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