Mississippi's 4th congressional district covers the southeastern region of the state. It includes all of Mississippi's Gulf Coast, stretching ninety miles between the Alabama border to the east and the Louisiana border to the west, and extends north into the Pine Belt region. It includes three of Mississippi's four most heavily populated cities: Gulfport, Biloxi, and Hattiesburg. Other major cities within the district include Bay St. Louis, Laurel, and Pascagoula.[3] The district is currently represented by Republican Mike Ezell. With a Cook Partisan Voting Index rating of R+22, it is the most Republican district in Mississippi.[2]
| Mississippi's 4th congressional district | |
|---|---|
Interactive map of district boundaries since January 3, 2023 | |
| Representative | |
| Area | 9,536 sq mi (24,700 km2) |
| Distribution |
|
| Population (2023) | 751,794[1] |
| Median household income | $56,749[1] |
| Ethnicity |
|
| Occupation |
|
| Cook PVI | R+22[2] |
From statehood to the election of 1846, Mississippi elected representatives at-large statewide on a general ticket. From 1973 to 2003, the district included most of Jackson, all of Natchez and the southwestern part of the state. In 2003, after Mississippi lost a seat in redistricting, the old 4th District was eliminated. Most of Jackson, as well as the bulk of the district's black constituents, were drawn into the 2nd District, while eastern Jackson and most of Jackson's suburbs were drawn into the 3rd District. As a result, most of the old 5th District was redefined as the new 4th District.[4]
The perimeter of the current Fourth District extends across the ninety-mile coastal southern edge of Mississippi from the Louisiana border to the Alabama border, following the Alabama state line north along the eastern border of the state to a point due east of Quitman in Clarke County where it is bounded by the 3rd District and then moves in an irregular fashion south of Quitman until it reaches the county line with Wayne County, and then follows the northern and western borders to wholly contain Jones, Forrest, Lamar, and Marion counties until it reaches the Louisiana state line, ultimately bounded by the Pearl River winding to its outlet in Lake Borgne.
Interstate 59 is an important north–south route that traverses the district, while coastal Interstate 10 serves as the major east–west route from New Orleans to Mobile. US Highway 49 is a vital hurricane evacuation route and is four-laned from Gulfport to Jackson. US Highway 84 enters the state near Waynesboro and is four-laned statewide, passing through Laurel, Brookhaven and Natchez.
History
editThe district, like most of Mississippi, is built on a strong history of agriculture.[citation needed] Politically, the district has been conservative even by Mississippi standards. What is now the 4th has not supported the official Democratic candidate for president since 1956. Since the turn of the millennium, it has given the Republican presidential candidate his highest margin in the state.
Long after this area turned solidly Republican at the federal level, conservative Democrats like longtime congressman Gene Taylor still held a number of local offices. Nevertheless, it was a foregone conclusion that Taylor would be succeeded by a Republican. This came to pass in 2010, when then-state representative Palazzo narrowly defeated Taylor in that year's massive Republican wave. The Democrats have only put up nominal challengers in the district since then; only one Democrat has managed even 30 percent of the vote. Indeed, the Democrats did not even field a candidate in 2020. Palazzo's win touched off a wave of Republican victories down ballot, and today there are almost no elected Democrats left above the county level. Underscoring this, Taylor sought to take back his old seat in 2014 as a Republican.
Counties
editSince 2013 the entire counties of Hancock, Harrison, Jackson, Pearl River, Stone, George, Marion, Lamar, Forrest, Perry, Greene, Jones, and Wayne, along with the southeastern part of Clarke are counted in this district.
Then, in 2021, Clarke county is redistricted into one county and is added to the 3rd district along with Marion county. Jones County, on the other hand, was split into two parts thanks to 2020 redistricting, with the northern part of the county being added to the 3rd district and the rest of the county in this district.
Election results from statewide races
edit| Year | Office | Result |
|---|---|---|
| 2000 | President | Bush 54 – 44% |
| 2004 | President | Bush 68 – 31% |
| 2008 | President | McCain 67 – 32% |
| 2012 | President | Romney 68 – 31% |
| 2016 | President | Trump 69 – 28% |
| 2018 | Senate | Wicker 68 - 30% |
| Senate (Spec.) | Hyde-Smith 65 - 35% | |
| 2019 | Governor | Reeves 63 - 35% |
| 2020 | President | Trump 68 – 30% |
| Senate | Hyde-Smith 63 - 34% |
Composition
editThe 4th district includes all of the following counties, with the exception of Jones, which it shares with the 3rd district. Jones County communities in the 4th district include Soso, Ellisville, Moselle, Ovett, Eastabuchie (shared with Forrest County), and most of Laurel.
| # | County | Seat | Population |
|---|---|---|---|
| 35 | Forrest | Hattiesburg | 78,208 |
| 39 | George | Lucedale | 25,619 |
| 41 | Greene | Leakesville | 13,601 |
| 45 | Hancock | Bay St. Louis | 46,159 |
| 47 | Harrison | Gulfport, Biloxi | 210,612 |
| 59 | Jackson | Pascagoula | 146,389 |
| 67 | Jones | Laurel, Ellisville | 66,250 |
| 73 | Lamar | Purvis | 66,217 |
| 109 | Pearl River | Poplarville | 57,978 |
| 111 | Perry | New Augusta | 11,315 |
| 131 | Stone | Wiggins | 18,756 |
| 153 | Wayne | Waynesboro | 19,703 |
Cities and CDPs with 10,000 or more people
edit- Gulfport – 72,926
- Biloxi – 49,449
- Hattiesburg – 48,730
- Pascagoula – 22,010
- Gautier – 19,024
- Ocean Springs – 17,442
- Laurel – 17,161
- Long Beach – 16,780
- D'Iberville – 12,721
- Moss Point – 12,147
- Picayune – 11,885
- Petal – 11,010
2,500 – 10,000 people
edit- Diamondhead – 9,529
- Bay St. Louis – 9,284
- Gulf Hills – 8,526
- St. Martin – 7,811
- Waveland – 7,210
- Latimer – 6,720
- West Hattiesburg – 6,006
- Gulf Park Estates – 5,972
- Pass Christian – 5,686
- Vancleave – 5,592
- Ellisville – 4,652
- Waynesboro – 4,567
- Wiggins – 4,272
- Leakesville – 3,775
- Escatawpa – 3,254
- Lucedale – 2,869
- Nicholson – 2,833
- Poplarville – 2,833
List of members representing the district
edit
Recent elections
edit2002
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Gene Taylor (incumbent) | 121,742 | 75.21 | − | |
| Republican | Dr. Karl Cleveland Mertz | 34,373 | 21.24 | − | |
| Libertarian | Wayne L. Parker | 3,311 | 2.05 | − | |
| Reform | Thomas R. Huffmaster | 2,442 | 1.51 | − | |
| Turnout | 161,868 | ||||
| Majority | 87,369 | 53.98 | |||
2004
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Gene Taylor (incumbent) | 181,614 | 64.77 | −10.44 | |
| Republican | Mike Lott | 96,740 | 34.50 | +13.26 | |
| Reform | Tracella Hill | 2,028 | 0.72 | −0.79 | |
| Turnout | 280,382 | ||||
| Majority | 84,874 | 30.27 | |||
2006
editFourth District incumbent Gene Taylor (D) was re-elected, gathering 80% of the Fourth District's vote. He is considered one of the most conservative Democrats in the House [1]. His district has a Cook Political Report rating of R+16.
Taylor faced challenger Randall "Randy" McDonnell, a former IRS agent. McDonnell, the Republican Party nominee, had also unsuccessfully challenged Taylor in both 1998 and 2000.
Taylor first was elected in 1989 to Mississippi's 5th congressional district, after having lost to Larkin I. Smith in the 1988 race for that open seat, which had been vacated by Trent Lott when Lott made a successful run for the Senate. Smith died eight months later in a plane crash. Taylor came in first in the special election primary to fill the seat, winning the runoff election two weeks later and taking office on October 18, 1989.
In 1990, Taylor won a full term in the 5th District with 81% of the vote, and has been reelected at each election since.
His district was renumbered the 4th after the redistricting of 2000, which cost Mississippi a Congressional seat. In 2004, Taylor was reelected to the House with 64% of their vote, choosing him over both Republican nominee Michael Lott and Reform nominee Tracella Hill.
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Gene Taylor (incumbent) | 110,996 | 79.79 | +15.02 | |
| Republican | Randall "Randy" McDonnell | 28,117 | 20.21 | −14.29 | |
| Turnout | 139,113 | ||||
| Majority | 82,879 | 59.58 | |||
2008
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Gene Taylor (incumbent) | 74.54 | −5.25 | ||
| Republican | John McCay | 25.46 | +5.25 | ||
| Turnout | |||||
| Majority | 49.08 | ||||
2010
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Steven Palazzo | 105,613 | 51.93 | +26.47 | |
| Democratic | Gene Taylor (incumbent) | 95,243 | 46.83 | −27.45 | |
| Libertarian | Tim Hampton | 1,741 | 0.86 | +0.86 | |
| Reform | Anna Revies | 787 | 0.39 | +0.39 | |
| Turnout | 203,384 | ||||
| Majority | 9,480 | 4.84 | |||
2012
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Steven Palazzo (incumbent) | 182,998 | 64.1 | |
| Democratic | Matt Moore | 82,344 | 28.9 | |
| Libertarian | Ron Williams | 17,982 | 6.3 | |
| Reform | Robert Claunch | 2,108 | 0.7 | |
| Total votes | 285,432 | 100.0 | ||
| Republican hold | ||||
2014
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Steven Palazzo (incumbent) | 108,776 | 69.9 | |
| Democratic | Matt Moore | 37,869 | 24.3 | |
| Independent | Cindy Burleson | 3,684 | 2.4 | |
| Libertarian | Joey Robinson | 3,473 | 2.2 | |
| Reform | Eli Jackson | 917 | 0.6 | |
| Independent | Ed Reich | 857 | 0.6 | |
| Total votes | 155,576 | 100.0 | ||
| Republican hold | ||||
2016
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Steven Palazzo (incumbent) | 181,323 | 65.0 | |
| Democratic | Mark Gladney | 77,505 | 27.8 | |
| Libertarian | Richard Blake McCluskey | 14,687 | 5.3 | |
| Reform | Shawn O'Hara | 5,264 | 1.9 | |
| Total votes | 278,779 | 100.0 | ||
| Republican hold | ||||
2018
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Steven Palazzo (incumbent) | 152,633 | 68.2 | |
| Democratic | Jeramey Anderson | 68,787 | 30.8 | |
| Reform | Lajena Sheets | 2,312 | 1.0 | |
| Total votes | 223,732 | 100.0 | ||
| Republican hold | ||||
2020
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Steven Palazzo (incumbent) | 255,971 | 100.0 | |
| Total votes | 255,971 | 100.0 | ||
| Republican hold | ||||
2022
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Mike Ezell | 127,813 | 73.35 | |
| Democratic | Johnny DuPree | 42,876 | 24.60 | |
| Libertarian | Alden Patrick Johnson | 3,569 | 2.05 | |
| Total votes | 174,258 | 100 | ||
| Republican hold | ||||
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ a b "My Congressional District".
- ^ a b "2022 Cook PVI: District Map and List". Cook Political Report. Retrieved January 10, 2023.
- ^ "About South Mississippi | U.S. House of Representatives". palazzo.house.gov. Retrieved January 22, 2016.
- ^ Almanac of American Politics, 2002, p. 872
- ^ "Secretary of State :: Elections". State of Mississippi Secretary of State. Archived from the original on January 1, 2013. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
- ^ "Certification of Votes For United States House of Representatives, District Four" (PDF). Secretary of State of Mississippi. Retrieved December 13, 2022.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
- Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present