Monkey meat is the flesh and other edible parts derived from monkeys, a kind of bushmeat. Human consumption of monkey meat has been historically recorded in numerous parts of the world, including multiple Asian and African nations. Monkey meat consumption has been reported in parts of Europe and the Americas as well.[1]
By region
editAfrica
editLiberia
editA 2014 documentary by Vice News found that Liberia has a burgeoning monkey meat industry, with locals describing it as a "sweet" meat and expressing indifference to the risk of contracting the Ebola virus disease associated with monkey meat consumption in Africa.[2]
Republic of the Congo
editThe Congolese view monkey meat as an "ordinary delicacy" and a "must-eat", and it is commonly served grilled, boiled, or fried; monkey carcasses are highly valued, and are worth between 20,000 to 40,000 francs. A Nairobi News reporter covering the 2015 All Africa Games in Brazzaville observed that "residents scramble" for monkey meat, but are not as fond of the meats of other primates including baboon and chimpanzee.[3] Miss Waldron's red colobus, which was native to west and central Africa, was supposedly "eaten to extinction" in 2001.[4]
Cameroon
editApproximately 80 percent of all meat consumed in Cameroon is some form of bushmeat. Flesh from monkeys and apes is prized for its supposed succulence, with approximately 3,000 gorillas killed each year for illegal meat markets.[5]
Central African Republic
editConsumption of monkey meat is reportedly legal and popular in the country where hunger is widespread.[6]
South Sudan
editConsuming monkey meat is a defining feature of the Bari people, who "perceive the eating of monkey meat as a boundary between them and non-indigenous people"; in recent years, however, some Bari tribe members have shied away from the practice because of how similar monkeys look to humans.[7]
Americas
editUnited States
editA 2007 report by The New York Times documented several instances of monkey meat being secretly imported into the United States under the guise of other meats.[8] It is illegal to import bushmeat into the United States. Monkey meat found at the country's border entries will be seized and destroyed by border customs agents, along with any belongings that come with it.[9] People may be fined US$250,000 for importing monkey meat.[10]
Mexico
editSpider monkey dishes are popular among natives from Southern Mexico. They are hunted yearlong despite being prohibited between March 1 and October 31.[11] In Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, consumption of monkey meat was popular prior to the 2010s. As people began consuming more meat, monkey population in the region declined and monkey meat became less available.[12][13]
Brazil
editThe Marubo native tribe of Amazonia are known for eating animals such as tapir, deer and monkey.
Asia/Pacific
editCambodia
editIn October 2016, a raid was conducted on a market in Stung Treng, and resulted in the confiscation of two kilograms of dried monkey meat.[14]
China
editMonkey meat has traditionally been viewed as a "prized (delicacy)" in Chinese cuisine, and is also believed to have medicinal qualities. In early 1934, the consumption of monkey meat alongside that of monkey brains was banned in Guangdong; an edict declared that "monkey(s) possess many of the traits of man, and also a considerable amount of intelligence, and should therefore be given protection."[15] The order was purportedly given by Chen Jitang.[16]
India
editIn April 2014, photographs of "hundreds" of monkey carcasses meant for consumption in Chhattisgarh went viral; despite the outcry by animal activists, however, government officials did little to address the issue, and even expressed scepticism at the photographs, as monkeys are sacred in most parts of India west of the Siliguri corridor.[17]
Indonesia
editIndonesia is predominantly Muslim, and most Indonesians do not consume monkey meat. However, in Sulawesi, the Minahasan, a non-Muslim minority group, are known monkey eaters, and consider the crested black macaque a delicacy.[18][19]
Japan
editMonkey meat has been historically seen as a delicacy in select areas of Japan including Hongū and Nagano, though current consumption is extremely rare at best. A Nagano proverb reads, "Don't feed your wife autumn monkey – to do so would be to waste a fine-tasting delicacy". A myriad of health benefits are said to be derived from the consumption of monkey meat, and, for instance, Japanese women allegedly consume monkey meat after childbirth to regain their vigour.[20]
Vietnam
editIn September 2015, a red-shanked douc was killed live at a Vietnamese eatery in Vu Quang. The carcass was reportedly sold for two million Vietnamese dong.[21]
Risks
editThe consumption of monkey meat may be detrimental to one's health. An August 1992 study published in the Journal of Tropical Medicine Hygiene reported nine cases of salmonellosis attributed to monkey meat consumption.[22] As the human genetic make-up is similar to that of monkeys, humans are susceptible to catching diseases and viruses that may be present in the monkey flesh.[23]
Detection
editAli et al. 2015 and Rashid et al. 2015 provide tests for characteristic protein sequences to detect monkey meat.[24] This is especially a concern for some Muslim societies.[24]
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ Hogenboom, Melissa (2014-10-19). "Is bushmeat behind Ebola outbreak?". BBC News. Retrieved 2018-09-16.
- ^ "Monkey Meat and the Ebola Outbreak in Liberia". Vice News. June 26, 2014. Retrieved June 25, 2017.
- ^ "City Where Monkey Meat Is The Most Cherished Delicacy". Nairobi News. September 16, 2015. Archived from the original on 2017-07-28.
- ^ "A monkey species was eaten into extinction last year - the gorilla could be next". the Guardian. 2002-02-24. Retrieved 2021-04-01.
- ^ "African monkey meat that could be behind the next HIV". The Independent. 2012-05-26. Retrieved 2021-04-01.
- ^ "« le singe est une viande très appréciée » en Centrafrique - Corbeau News Centrafrique ou si b il LPP Corbeau News Centrafrique ou si b il LPP". 9 August 2021.
- ^ Fuentes, Agustin; Wolfe, Linda (2002). Primates Face to Face: The Conservation Implications of Human-nonhuman Primate Interconnections. Cambridge University Press. p. 94. ISBN 9781139441476.
- ^ Barry, Ellen (November 17, 2007). "A Taste of Baboon and Monkey Meat, and Maybe of Prison, Too". The New York Times.
- ^ "Bringing Animal Products into the United States". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. September 1, 2016.
- ^ "Facts about Bushmeat and Ebola" (PDF). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. September 2014.
- ^ "Mono Araña" (in Spanish). Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education. 2003. Archived from the original on 2020-09-28. Retrieved 2017-07-28.
- ^ "Repoblarán la Isla de los Monos en Catemaco". Zócalo Saltillo (in Spanish). August 25, 2011.
- ^ Castilla Arcos, Juan David (October 10, 2014). "En peligro, mono aullador y araña". El Heraldo de Veracruz (in Spanish).
- ^ Kimsay, Buth (October 6, 2016). "Vendors Selling Porcupine, Monkey Meat Flee Arrest". Cambodia Daily. Archived from the original on September 8, 2017. Retrieved June 24, 2017.
- ^ "Cat and Monkey Meat Is Taboo". The Calgary Daily Herald. March 17, 1934. p. 21.
- ^ "China: Monkey Meat". Time. January 15, 1934.
- ^ Drolial, Rashmi (April 12, 2014). "Illegal monkey meat trade rampant in Chhattisgarh". Times of India.
- ^ "Jelang Natal, Permintaan Kuliner Ekstrim Khas Tomohon Meningkat [Demands for Macaca Nigra increases during Christmas – considered a delicacy]". Rima News. December 25, 2015. Archived from the original on December 25, 2015.
- ^ "Indonesian market sells monkey meat, other exotic animals". Rappler. Retrieved June 23, 2017.
- ^ Knight, John (2003). Waiting for Wolves in Japan: An Anthropological Study of People-wildlife Relations. Oxford University Press. p. 110. ISBN 9780199255184.
- ^ "At an eatery selling endangered monkey meat in Vietnam". Tuoi Tre News. September 20, 2015.
- ^ Lamabadusuriya, S. P; Perera, C; Devasiri, I. V; Jayantha, U. K; Chandrasiri, N (1992). "An outbreak of salmonellosis following consumption of monkey meat". Journal of Tropical Medicine Hygiene. 95 (4): 292–295. PMID 1495128.
- ^ foodnavigator.com. "Monkey consumption 'a threat' to mankind". foodnavigator.com. Retrieved 2021-04-01.
- ^ a b Li, Yun‐Cheng; Liu, Shu‐Yan; Meng, Fan‐Bing; Liu, Da‐Yu; Zhang, Yin; Wang, Wei; Zhang, Jia‐Min (2020-06-11). "Comparative review and the recent progress in detection technologies of meat product adulteration". Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. 19 (4). Institute of Food Technologists (Wiley): 2256–2296. doi:10.1111/1541-4337.12579. ISSN 1541-4337. S2CID 225692927.