Mordecai Gist (1743–1792) was a member of a prominent Maryland family who became a brigadier general in command of the Maryland Line in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War.
Mordecai Gist | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 1743 Maryland, British America |
| Died | 1792 (aged 48–49) South Carolina, U.S. |
| Allegiance |  United States |
| Branch |  Continental Army |
| Rank |  Brigadier general |
| Commands | 2nd Maryland Brigade |
| Battles / wars | |
| Signature |  |
Life
editGist was born February 22, 1742/3[1] in Baltimore, Maryland (one source says Reisterstown, Maryland), the fourth child of Thomas and Susannah (Cockey) Gist. Thomas Gist's father, Captain Richard Gist (1684 – August 28, 1741), was the surveyor of Maryland's Eastern Shore and one of the commissioners who laid out Baltimore Town in 1729. Richard Gist's father, Christopher Gist (1655 or 1659 – Feb. 1690), was an English immigrant who came to the Province of Maryland before 1682 and settled in "South Canton" on the south bank of the Patapsco River. Christopher Gist married Edith Cromwell (1660–1694).
Gist was the nephew of Christopher Gist (1706–1759). This Christopher Gist was a Colonial-era explorer, scout, and frontier settler who was employed by the Ohio Company and had served with 21-year-old Colonel George Washington. (Christopher Gist is credited with twice saving Washington's life when they were surveying land in the Ohio country in 1753.) Mordecai Gist was also distantly related to John Eager Howard.
Mordecai Gist was educated for commercial pursuits. At the beginning of the American Revolution, the young men of Baltimore associated under the title of the "Baltimore Independent Company" and elected Gist as their captain. It was the first company raised in Maryland for the defense of popular liberty.
Revolutionary War service
editIn 1776, Gist was appointed major of Smallwood's Maryland Regiment, and was with them in the Battle of Long Island, where they fought a delaying action at the Old Stone House (Brooklyn, New York), allowing the American army to escape encirclement.[2][3][4]
In January 1779, the Continental Congress appointed him as a brigadier general in the Continental Army, and he took the command of the 2nd Maryland Brigade. He fought stubbornly at the Battle of Camden in South Carolina in 1780. At one time after a bayonet charge, his force secured fifty prisoners, but the British under Lord Cornwallis rallied, and the Marylanders gave way. Gist escaped, and, a year later, he was present at the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown. (Gist appears (back row, right side) in John Trumbull's painting Surrender of Lord Cornwallis which hangs in the rotunda of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C.)
He joined the southern army under Nathanael Greene,[5] and he was given the command of the light corps again when the army was remodeled in 1782. On August 26, 1782, he rallied the broken forces of the Americans under John Laurens after they had been scattered in an ambush set by a British foraging party.
After the war
editAfter the war, Gist relocated to a plantation near Charleston, South Carolina. He was admitted as an original member of The Society of the Cincinnati of Maryland and was elected as the first vice president of the Maryland Society on November 22, 1783.[6] He later transferred his membership to the South Carolina Society.[7] Gist also served as the grand master of Freemasons in South Carolina.[8]
He had two children that lived to adulthood, both sons, one of whom he named "Independent" and the other "States." Various sources suggest he died between August and September 1792,[9] at the age of 49, in Charleston, but his will was written on the "First day of September" and probated the following month on October 19, 1792.[10] He is buried in St. Michael's Churchyard[11] next to his son, States Gist, and daughter Susannah Gist.
Mordecai Gist was distantly related to States Rights Gist, a brigadier general in the Confederate army during the American Civil War who died of wounds received while leading his brigade in a charge against U.S. fortifications at the Battle of Franklin in November 1864. States Rights Gist was the grandson of William Gist (born 1711), cousin of Mordecai Gist.[12]
His papers are held at the Maryland Historical Society.[13]
Notes
edit- ^ Gist, Mordecai. "Special Collections, Saint Paul's Church, Baltimore City Collection, Parish Register 1710-1933 [MSA SC 2652, MSCM 994-1]" (PDF). Maryland State Archives. Retrieved July 25, 2023.
- ^ Reno, L.D. (2008). The Maryland 400 in the Battle of Long Island, 1776. McFarland, Incorporated Publishers. p. 48. ISBN 9780786451845. Retrieved June 20, 2015.
- ^ Burke, Justin (August 25, 2012). "The New York Times". The New York Times. Retrieved June 20, 2015.
- ^ Heitman, Francis B. (1914). Historical Register of Officers of the Continental Army. Washington, D.C. The Rare Bookshop Publishing Company, Inc. p. 249.
- ^ "Nathanael Greene to General Mordecai Gist, 23 January 1781". wyatt.elasticbeanstalk.com. Retrieved June 20, 2015.
- ^ Metcalf, Bryce (1938). Original Members and Other Officers Eligible to the Society of the Cincinnati, 1783–1938: With the Institution, Rules of Admission, and Lists of the Officers of the General and State Societies (Strasburg, VA: Shenandoah Publishing House, Inc.), p. 22.
- ^ Metcalf, Bryce (1938). Original Members and Other Officers Eligible to the Society of the Cincinnati, 1783–1938: With the Institution, Rules of Admission, and Lists of the Officers of the General and State Societies (Strasburg, VA: Shenandoah Publishing House, Inc.), p. 137.
- ^ Chernow, Ron (2010). Washington: A Life. New York, NY: The Penguin Press. pp. 653. ISBN 978-1-59420-266-7.
- ^ Gist, Mordecai. "Mordecai Gist (1743-1792)". Archives of Maryland Biographical Series. Maryland State Archives. Retrieved July 25, 2023.
- ^ Gist, Mordecai. "South Carolina, U.S., Wills and Probate Records, 1670-1980". Ancestry.com. Retrieved August 27, 2023.
- ^ Revolutionary War Journal
- ^ Cisco, Walter Brian (November 1, 1991). States Rights Gist: A South Carolina General of the Civil War. The White Mane Publishing Company Inc. p. 3. ISBN 0-942597-28-1.
- ^ "Gist Papers, 1772–1813, MS. 390 | Maryland Historical Society". Archived from the original on August 12, 2011. Retrieved June 20, 2015.
References
edit
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Wilson, J. G.; Fiske, J., eds. (1891). "Gist, Mordecai". Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. Vol. 3. New York: D. Appleton. p. 663.
External links
edit
- "Documenting the American South: Colonial and State Records of North Carolina". docsouth.unc.edu. Retrieved June 20, 2015.
- The Society of the Cincinnati
- The American Revolution Institute
- Mordecai Gist at Find a Grave