Munjong (29 December 1019 – 2 September 1083), personal name Wang Hwi, was the 11th monarch of the Goryeo dynasty of Korea.

Munjong
문종
文宗
King of Goryeo
Reign1046–1083
Coronation1046
Junggwang Hall, Gaegyeong, Goryeo
PredecessorJeongjong of Goryeo
SuccessorSunjong of Goryeo
BornWang Hwi
29 December 1019
Anbok Palace, Gaegyeong, Goryeo
Died2 September 1083 (aged 63)
Junggwang Hall, Gaegyeong, Goryeo
Burial
Gyeongneung (경릉; 景陵)
Queen ConsortQueen Inpyeong
(before 1047)
ConsortPrincess Suryeong
(before 1082)

(m. 1049⁠–⁠1083)
Issue
Posthumous name
Great King Gangjeong Myeongdae Jangseong Inhyo
강정명대장성인효대왕
(剛定明大章聖仁孝大王)
Temple name
Munjong (문종; 文宗)
HouseWang
DynastyGoryeo
FatherHyeonjong of Goryeo
MotherQueen Wonhye
Korean name
Hangul
문종
Hanja
文宗
Revised RomanizationMunjong
McCune–ReischauerMunjong
Birth name
Hangul
왕휘
Hanja
王徽
Revised RomanizationWang Hwi
McCune–ReischauerWang Hwi
Courtesy name
Hangul
촉유
Hanja
燭幽
Revised RomanizationChogyu
McCune–ReischauerCh'ogyu
Posthumous name
Hangul
인효대왕
Hanja
Revised RomanizationInhyo Daewang
McCune–ReischauerInhyo Taewang

King Munjong was born in 1019 and reigned from 1046 until his death in 1083. During his reign, the central government of Goryeo gained complete authority and power over local lords.[1] Munjong, and later kings, emphasized the importance of civilian leadership over the military. Munjong expanded Korea's borders northward to the Yalu and Tumen Rivers and built many forts to guard the northern border.[1]

Munjong's fourth son, Uicheon (born 1055), became a Buddhist priest who founded the Cheontae as an independent school of Buddhism. During Munjong's reign, academic physician officers (hallimuigwan) first appeared in Goryeo, and Goryeo's medicinal exams were often used as a pathway by the commoners for societal advancement.[2] Additionally, during Munjong's reign many Chinese medicine books entered Goryeo through the Song Dynasty of China.[2]

Family

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  1. Queen Inpyeong of the Ansan Kim clan; half younger sister – No issue.
  2. Queen Inye of the Gyeongwon Yi clan (d. 1092)
    1. Crown Prince Wang Hun
    2. Wang Un, Marquis Gukwon
    3. Wang Ong, Duke Gyerim
    4. Wang Hu
    5. Wang Su, Duke Sangan (왕수 상안공)[3][4]
    6. Wang Taeng
    7. Wang Bi, Marquess Geumgwan (왕비 금관후)[5]
    8. Wang Eum, Marquess Byeonhan (왕음 변한후)[6][7]
    9. Wang Chim, Marquess Nakrang (왕침 낙랑후)
    10. Wang Gyeong (왕경)
    11. Princess Jeokgyeong (적경궁주)
    12. Princess Boryeong
    13. Unborn daughter[8]
    14. Unborn daughter[8]
  3. Worthy Consort Ingyeong of the Incheon Yi clan
    1. Wang Do, Duke Joseon
    2. Wang Su, Duke Buyeo
    3. Wang Yu, Duke Jinhan
  4. Worthy Consort Injeol of the Gyeongwon Yi clan (d. 1082)
    1. Unnamed daughter, died early[8]
    2. Unnamed daughter, died early[8]
  5. Virtuous Consort Inmok of the Gyeongju Kim clan (d. 1094)
    1. Unnamed daughter, died early[8]

References

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  1. ^ a b 박, 기현 (November 5, 2022). [성공한 군주들로부터 배우는 역사의 교훈 '제왕의 리더십'] (10) 고려 문종, 균형 잡힌 외교감각으로 통합의 리더십 보여주다. Baccro News. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
  2. ^ a b Lee, Kyung Lock (December 19, 2015). "History of the medical licensing examination (uieop) in Korea's Goryeo Dynasty (918-1392)". Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professionals. 12: 19. doi:10.3352/jeehp.2015.12.19. PMC 4536363. PMID 26008917.
  3. ^ 상안공 (常安公). Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Retrieved 2024-07-08.
  4. ^ Unknown[permanent dead link]
  5. ^ 금관후. Doopedia.
  6. ^ 변한후 (卞韓侯). Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Retrieved 2024-07-08.
  7. ^ Unknown[permanent dead link]
  8. ^ a b c d e 문종 소생 공주. Goryeosa (in Korean). Retrieved January 6, 2022.
  • Eckert, Lee, Lew, Robinson and Wagner, Korea Old and New: A History, Harvard University Press, 1990. ISBN 0-9627713-0-9
Munjong of Goryeo
Born: 29 December 1019 Died: 2 September 1083
Regnal titles
Preceded by King of Goryeo
1046–1083
Succeeded by
  NODES
Note 1