The NHS Health Check is a preventive healthcare programme in the United Kingdom offered by National Health Service. The programme invites adults aged between 40 and 74 in England for a health check-up every five years to screen for key conditions including heart disease, diabetes, kidney disease, and stroke.[1] Local authorities are responsible for the commissioning of the programme, with GPs being the most common provider, followed by community outreach and pharmacy providers.[2]
Impact
editResearch in 2014 found no significant differences in the change to the risk of diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, chronic kidney disease or atrial fibrillation in general practices providing NHS Health Checks compared with control practices.[3] In May 2016 researchers concluded that the checkup reduced the 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease by 0.21%, equivalent to one stroke or heart attack avoided every year for 4,762 people who attend.[4][5]
In 2024 research showed that in the long-term the NHS Health Check contributes to the preventing the development of cardiovascular diseases and multiple other conditions. People who attend have a lower risk of dementia, heart attack, acute kidney problems and liver cirrhosis. This is probably due to the early detection of underlying conditions and starting treatment earlier than without the check-up.[6][7]
Attendance
editPeter Walsh, deputy director of the Strategy Group at NHS England admitted that take-up of the checks was poor in January 2016, after a study showed that 20% of those eligible aged 60–74 attended and 9.0% of those between 40 and 59.[8] In the five years from 2016 to 2021, the average uptake of an NHS Health Check following an invite was 46.5%.[9]
Inequalities
editResearch found that take up in an ethnically diverse and socially deprived area of East London had increased from 7.3% of eligible patients in 2009 to 85.0% in 2013–2014. New diagnoses of diabetes were 30% more likely in attendees than nonattendees, hypertension 50%, and chronic kidney disease 80%.[10]
Between 2016 and 2021, there were stark inequalities in uptake between the regions of England, particularly in areas of London, the North West, and the West Midlands.[11]
Elsewhere in the UK
editScotland
editIn Scotland, the Keep Well programme was introduced in October 2006 to screen for cardiovascular diseases and associated risk factors,[12] with a focus on reducing health inequalities.[13] Those over 40 years old were invited for a Keep Well check at least every five years.[12] The programme operated in several waves, each with updated requirements and specifications,[13] and its effectiveness was judged to be mixed.[12] In December 2013, the Scottish Chief Medical Officer announced the Government would discontinue funding for the Keep Well programme. The programme subsequently ended in March 2017.[13][14]
History
editIn January 2008, UK Prime Minister Gordon Brown announced that preventive healthcare was planned to be offered throughout England to "monitor for heart disease, strokes, diabetes and kidney disease–conditions which affect the lives of 6.2 million people, cause 200,000 deaths each year and account for a fifth of all hospital admissions."[15]
Some, such as the Glasgow GP Margaret McCartney, have criticised the programme of health checks as being without evidence of effectiveness.[16] However, the head of health and wellbeing at Public Health England Kevin Fenton defended the programme, claiming it was evidence-based.[17]
In August 2019, Matt Hancock announced that the checks would be more tailored to individuals’ risks.[18]
On 22 May, 2023, the Labour leader, Sir Keir Starmer, presented a plan to bring the National Health Service (NHS) “back on its feet” in the event that his party wins the general election. Starmer pledged to reduce deaths from heart diseases, cancer, and suicide in England. He made a commitment to reduce heart diseases and strokes by 25% over the next 10 years, along with reducing A&E waiting times and lowering suicide rates over the next five years.[19]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "What is an NHS Health Check?". nhs.uk. 21 December 2017. Retrieved 13 August 2021.
- ^ "Findings from the 2019/20 NHS Health Check Delivery Survey". NHS Health Check. Public Health England. March 2021. Retrieved 14 August 2021.
- ^ Caley, Michael; Chohan, Paradip; Hooper, James; Wright, Nicola (1 August 2014). "The impact of NHS Health Checks on the prevalence of disease in general practices: a controlled study". Vol. 64, no. 625. British Journal of General Practice. Retrieved 18 September 2014.
- ^ "NHS "mid-life MOT" has marginal health benefits, say researchers". Imperial College. 3 May 2016. Retrieved 3 May 2016.
- ^ Chang, Kiara Chu-Mei; Lee, John Tayu; Vamos, Eszter P.; Soljak, Michael; Johnston, Desmond; Khunti, Kamlesh; Majeed, Azeem; Millett, Christopher (12 July 2016). "Impact of the National Health Service Health Check on cardiovascular disease risk: a difference-in-differences matching analysis". Canadian Medical Association Journal. 188 (10): E228–E238. doi:10.1503/cmaj.151201. ISSN 0820-3946. PMC 4938708. PMID 27141033.
- ^ "Is the NHS Health Check improving our population's health?". NIHR Evidence. National Institute for Health and Care Research. 26 September 2024. doi:10.3310/nihrevidence_63380.
- ^ McCracken, Celeste; Raisi-Estabragh, Zahra; Szabo, Liliana; Robson, John; Raman, Betty; Topiwala, Anya; Roca-Fernández, Adriana; Husain, Masud; Petersen, Steffen E.; Neubauer, Stefan; Nichols, Thomas E. (23 January 2024). "NHS Health Check attendance is associated with reduced multiorgan disease risk: a matched cohort study in the UK Biobank". BMC Medicine. 22 (1). doi:10.1186/s12916-023-03187-w. ISSN 1741-7015. PMC 10804500. PMID 38254067.
- ^ "Take up of health checks are "not strong, to put it mildly"". Nursing in practice. 15 January 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
- ^ "NHS Health Check: People taking up an NHS Health Check Invite". Fintertips. Public Health England. Retrieved 14 August 2021.
- ^ Robson, John; Dostal, Isabel; Madurasinghe, Vichithranie; Sheikh, Aziz; Hull, Sally; Boomla, Kambiz; Griffiths, Chris; Eldridge, Sandra (2016). "NHS Health Check comorbidity and management: an observational matched study in primary care". British Journal of General Practice. 67 (Online first): e86–e93. doi:10.3399/bjgp16X688837. PMC 5308122. PMID 27993901.
- ^ "NHS Health Check: People taking up an NHS Health Check (map)". Fingertips. Public Health England. Retrieved 14 August 2021.
- ^ a b c Geue, Claudia; Lewsey, James D.; MacKay, Daniel F.; Antony, Grace; Fischbacher, Colin M.; Muirie, Jill; McCartney, Gerard (1 September 2016). "Scottish Keep Well health check programme: an interrupted time series analysis". J Epidemiol Community Health. 70 (9): 924–929. doi:10.1136/jech-2015-206926. ISSN 0143-005X. PMC 5013158. PMID 27072868.
- ^ a b c "The impact of Keep Well: An evaluation of the Keep Well programme from 2006 to 2012" (PDF). NHS Health Scotland. 2014. Retrieved 14 August 2021.
- ^ "Greater Glasgow and Clyde NHS Board, Board Meeting: Keep Well and Chronic Disease Management Programme Update" (PDF). NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde Board. Retrieved 14 August 2021.
- ^ "In full: Brown speech on the NHS". BBC News. 7 January 2008. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
- ^ "Too Much Medicine Where's the evidence for NHS health checks?". British Medical Journal. 2 October 2013. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
- ^ "NHS Health Checks programme 'evidence based', public health chief insists". Pulse. 17 September 2014. Retrieved 18 September 2014.
- ^ "Patients attending Health Checks since 2012 increases by over half". Management in Practice. 18 October 2019. Retrieved 24 November 2019.
- ^ Hourigan, Tom (22 June 2023). "Keir Starmer to promise Labour would reduce deaths from heart disease, strokes and suicide". Nationalworld. Retrieved 21 June 2023.