Naomi Fern Parker Fraley (August 26, 1921 – January 20, 2018) was an American war worker who is considered the most likely model for the iconic "We Can Do It!" poster.[2] During World War II, she worked on aircraft assembly at the Naval Air Station Alameda. Though Geraldine Hoff Doyle was initially credited as the subject of the iconic poster, a popular photograph of Fraley operating a machine tool at the Naval Air Station is now believed to be the inspiration.[3]
Naomi Parker Fraley | |
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 Parker in 2017 | |
| Born | Naomi Fern Parker[1] August 26, 1921 Tulsa, Oklahoma, U.S. |
| Died | January 20, 2018 (aged 96) Longview, Washington, U.S. |
| Occupations |
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| Known for | "Rosie the Riveter" in "We Can Do It!" |
| Spouses |
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After the war, she worked as a waitress in Palm Springs, California, and married three times. She died aged 96 in 2018.[4]
Early life
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Naomi Fern Parker was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma, in 1921. She is the third of eight children to Joseph Parker and Esther Leis.[1][5] Her father was a mining engineer and her mother was a homemaker. The family moved across the country from New York to California,[6] living in Alameda at the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor.[6] Naomi and her younger sister Ada subsequently went to work at the Naval Air station, where they were assigned to the machine shop for aircraft assembling duties.[1]
We Can Do It!
editThis section's tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia. (April 2022) |
In 1942, Parker's photo, taken at a Pratt & Whitney horizontal shaper, appeared in local press on July 5, 1942.[7] The following year, J. Howard Miller's "We Can Do It!" poster was one of a series that appeared in factories at Westinghouse in a worker morale campaign.[6] It is presumed that the newspaper photo was the source of his image.[1]
In 2011, Parker attended a reunion held at the Rosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front National Historical Park and spotted her photograph from 1942.[7] She was surprised to find that the caption credited the model as Geraldine Hoff Doyle, and wrote to the park to correct their mistake.[8] However, her attempts to correct the mistake were ignored.
Meanwhile, Seton Hall University professor James J. Kimble had become interested in the poster, which had become an icon of the feminist movement.[8] He tracked down the original photo and confirmed that it was credited to Naomi Parker in 1942.[3] When he tracked down Parker in 2015 to show her the photo, she still had the original newspaper clipping from 1942.[6] Kimble was certain that Parker was the woman in the photo and considered her to be the strongest candidate behind the inspiration for the poster, but noted that Miller did not leave any writings which could identify his model.[1]
In February 2015, Kimble interviewed the Parker sisters, known as Naomi Fern Fraley (Parker) and Ada Wyn Morford, aged 93 and 91 respectively, and found that they had known for five years about the incorrect identification of the photo, and had been rebuffed in their attempt to correct the historical record.[3]
Later life
editAfter the war, Parker worked as a waitress at The Doll House, a restaurant in Palm Springs, California.[7] She was married three times, first to Joseph Blankenship (divorced), second to John Muhlig (d. 1971),[1] and third to Charles Fraley (d. 1998), whom she married in 1979.[1][5] In February 2017 she moved to the Longview, Washington area before moving into an assisted care home there later that year.[9]
Death
editOn January 20, 2018, Parker died in Longview, Washington, at the age of 96.[1] The following month, her life was celebrated on BBC Radio 4's obituary program Last Word.[10]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i Fox, Margalit (2018). "Naomi Parker Fraley, the Real Rosie the Riveter, Dies at 96". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 23, 2018.
- ^ Gunter, Joel (2018). "Mystery real-life Rosie the Riveter dies". BBC News. Retrieved January 23, 2018.
- ^ a b c Kimble, James J. (June 22, 2016). "Rosie's Secret Identity, Or, How to Debunk a Woozle by Walking Backward through the Forest of Visual Rhetoric". Rhetoric & Public Affairs. 19 (2): 245–274. doi:10.14321/rhetpublaffa.19.2.0245. ISSN 1534-5238. S2CID 147767111.
- ^ Kopf, Adam Pasick, Dan (January 27, 2018). "The riveting story of wartime propaganda that became a feminist icon". Quartz.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b "Naomi Parker Fraley, the real-life Rosie the Riveter, dies at 96". Today. January 29, 2018. Retrieved January 23, 2018.
- ^ a b c d "Naomi Parker Fraley, wartime machinist linked to Rosie the Riveter, dies at 96". The Washington Post. January 23, 2018. Retrieved January 23, 2018.
- ^ a b c "Everyone Was Wrong About the Real 'Rosie the Riveter' for Decades. Here's How the Mystery Was Solved". Time. January 23, 2018. Retrieved January 23, 2018.
- ^ a b "Naomi Parker-Fraley, From Rosie The Riveter Poster, Dies At 96". NPR. January 23, 2018. Retrieved January 23, 2018.
- ^ Luck, Marissa (May 27, 2017). "Who was 'Rosie the Riveter'?". Longview Daily News. Retrieved April 19, 2018.
- ^ Presenter: Julian Worricker; Interviewed Guests: John Fraley, James J Kimble (February 9, 2018). "John Mahoney, Hannah Hauxwell, Professor Kenneth Richard Seddon OBE, Sir John Cotterell, Naomi Parker Fraley". Last Word. 23:05 minutes in. BBC. BBC Radio 4. Retrieved February 11, 2018.