In set theory, a normal measure is a measure on a measurable cardinal κ such that the equivalence class of the identity function on κ maps to κ itself in the ultrapower construction. Equivalently, if f:κ→κ is such that f(α)<α for most α<κ, then there is a β<κ such that f(α)=β for most α<κ. (Here, "most" means that the set of elements of κ where the property holds is a member of the ultrafilter, i.e. has measure 1.) Also equivalent, the ultrafilter (set of sets of measure 1) is closed under diagonal intersection.
For a normal measure, any closed unbounded (club) subset of κ contains most ordinals less than κ and any subset containing most ordinals less than κ is stationary in κ.
If an uncountable cardinal κ has a measure on it, then it has a normal measure on it.
References
edit- Kanamori, Akihiro (2003). The Higher Infinite : Large Cardinals in Set Theory from Their Beginnings (1st ed.). Springer. ISBN 3-540-57071-3. pp 52–53