The Northrop Grumman Firebird is an intelligence gathering aircraft designed by Northrop Grumman's subsidiary Scaled Composites which can be flown remotely or by a pilot. At Scaled, it is known as the Model 355. It was unveiled on May 9, 2011.[1][2] It was first flown in February 2010 and is considered to be an optionally piloted vehicle (OPV).[3][4]
| Firebird | |
|---|---|
| |
| Role | Intelligence gathering aircraft |
| National origin | United States |
| Manufacturer | Northrop Grumman/Scaled Composites |
| First flight | February 2010 |
| Primary user | United States |
| Number built | 1 |
Design and development
editOne of the last aircraft designs overseen by Burt Rutan, who retired in April 2011, the Firebird is a medium-altitude long-endurance aircraft designed to fly up to 40 hours at a top speed of 230 mph (370 km/h) at an altitude of 30,000 feet (9,100 m).[1] The twin-boom aircraft has a pusher configuration and a long slender (high aspect ratio) wing with a very slight forward sweep angle.[5] It has a wingspan of 65 feet (20 m), a length of 34 feet (10 m), a height of 9.7 feet (3.0 m) and a payload capacity of 1,240 pounds (560 kg).[6] It is powered by a Lycoming TEO-540 flat-six piston engine and has a maximum takeoff weight of 5,000 pounds (2,300 kg).[7] The aircraft has hardpoints to carry weapons, though it is currently unarmed.[8]
A new variant with a wingspan widened from 72.2 to 79.2 ft (22.0 to 24.1 m) first flew in March 2018 and should be launched in early 2019.[9]
Production suspension
editIn April 2022, Northrop Grumman announced it had suspended production of the Firebird, having failed to secure any export customers for the aircraft. However, company representatives left open the possibility of future production, stating that the aircraft would "remain available for interested customers."[10]
Reconnaissance capabilities
editThe Firebird is designed so that the aircraft is able to carry up to four modules of reconnaissance equipment simultaneously, on a separate system from that needed to control the plane, so that equipment can be easily swapped in and out.[11] According to Rick Crooks, a Northrop executive involved in the project, this design means that "[i]t takes days or weeks to get a new payload [of equipment] integrated, instead of years."[11] The aircraft has the ability to simultaneously view infrared imagery, gather real time high-definition video, use radar, and perform local signals intelligence.[7]
Operational history
editThe idea of building an aircraft capable of being flown with or without a pilot was first floated on 9 February 2009 by Rick Crooks, when he contacted Scaled Composites about the possibility of building such an aircraft.[11] Scaled agreed, and on 9 February 2010 the aircraft made its first flight.[11] In October 2010, the aircraft demonstrated its capabilities of collecting information from multiple sources simultaneously for the first time when it made a demonstration flight in Sacramento, California, for defense officials.[7] On 9 May 2011 the aircraft was publicly unveiled for the first time, and between 23 May and 3 June 2010, it participated in the 2011 Empire Challenge exercise, where it displayed its ability to carry multiple payloads and switch them out rapidly.[7]
According to Northrop, the single aircraft built is considered to be operationally ready, beyond the prototype stage.[7] At the time of the aircraft's public unveiling, there were early plans for a second aircraft to be built.[7] If it enters production, construction of the Firebird is planned to move to factories in Palmdale, California or Moss Point, Mississippi, rather than the Scaled Composites facility in Mojave, California.[7]
On 11 November 2012, the Firebird began test flights, and production was approved.[12]
Firebird had its European debut in the Royal International Air Tattoo air show at RAF Fairford in the United Kingdom in July 2019.[13]
U.S. service
editThe first Firebirds were scheduled to be delivered to an unnamed U.S. government service before mid-2019.[14][needs update]
Operators
edit
- United States Federal Government - exact customer unnamed[14]
- Grand Sky Development[15]
- Tenax Aerospace[15]
Specifications
editData from [16]
General characteristics
- Crew: two (optional)
- Capacity: 1,240 pounds (560 kg) payload
- Length: 34 ft (10 m)
- Wingspan: 65 ft (20 m)
- Height: 9 ft 9 in (2.96 m)
- Max takeoff weight: 5,000 lb (2,268 kg)
- Powerplant: 1 × Lycoming TO-540 opposed six-cylinder piston engine, 350 hp (260 kW)
Performance
- Endurance: 40 hours
- Service ceiling: 25,000 ft (7,600 m)
Armament
- Hardpoints: 2
See also
editAircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
Related lists
References
edit- ^ a b Hennigan, W.J. (9 May 2011). "Onboard pilot optional with Northrop's Firebird spy plane". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 9 May 2011.
- ^ Robbins, Gary (9 May 2011). "Northrop secretly develops spy plane in San Diego". The San Diego Union-Tribune. Retrieved 9 May 2011.
- ^ Butler, Amy (9 May 2011). "Exclusive: Northrop Unveils Firebird MALE". Aviation Week & Space Technology. Archived from the original on 20 October 2011. Retrieved 9 May 2011.
- ^ Grady, Mary (May 2011). "Scaled's Latest: Pilot-Optional Spyplane". AvWeb. Archived from the original on 8 October 2012. Retrieved 10 May 2011.
- ^ "Northrop Grumman unveils new intelligence aircraft that can be flown unmanned or by pilot". The Washington Post. 9 May 2011. Retrieved 9 May 2011.[dead link]
- ^ "Firebird spy plane at a glance". The Los Angeles Times. 9 May 2011. Retrieved 9 May 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f g Butler, Amy (May 6, 2011). "Northrop Grumman Aims To Take On Predator". Aviation Week & Space Technology. Retrieved 9 May 2011.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Rosenberg, Zach (9 May 2011). "Northrop Grumman formally unveils Firebird". Flightglobal.com. Retrieved 9 May 2011.
- ^ Steve Trimble (Dec 14, 2018). "Northrop Grumman Formally Unveils Firebird UAS". Aviation Week & Space Technology.
- ^ "Northrop Grumman confirms suspension of Firebird production".
- ^ a b c d "Famed Spaceship Maker Gives Spy Drones a Try". Wired Magazine. 9 May 2011. Archived from the original on 13 May 2011. Retrieved 11 May 2011.
- ^ Norris, Guy (17 July 2019). "Firebird Wins Northrop Grumman Production Go-Ahead". Aviation Week. Archived from the original on 21 January 2013. Retrieved 22 November 2012.
- ^ "Firebird to appear in Europe for first time at RIAT 2019". Aerotech News and Review. 19 November 2012. Archived from the original on 18 July 2019. Retrieved 18 July 2019.
- ^ a b Kemp, Damian (28 February 2019). "Avalon 2019: Optionally manned Firebird set to enter service". Jane's 360. Melbourne. Archived from the original on 1 March 2019. Retrieved 1 March 2019.
- ^ a b Hoyle, Craig (21 July 2019). "RIAT: Firebird makes European debut as Northrop names buyers". Flightglobal. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
- ^ Butler, Amy (6 May 2011). "Exclusive: Northrop Grumman's Firebird". Aviation Week & Space Technology. Archived from the original on 21 March 2010. Retrieved 21 December 2011.