The Ongi Kuden (御義口伝) (also known as Shū-Jū Hokke-Kyō Ongi Kuden (就註法華経口伝) or The Record of the Orally Transmitted Teachings) is a hermeneutic text in Nichiren Shoshu Buddhism. The Kuden[1] are the alleged oral teachings of Nichiren Daishonin on the Lotus Sutra, beginning on 1 January 1278 which were recorded and compiled by his senior disciple Nikkō Shōnin thirteen years after the death of his master.[2][3]
The Hokkeko adherents of the Dai Gohonzon mandala regard this text as one of the most divinely hermeneutic treatises in Nichiren's writings, because it supposedly reveals some essential principles of Nichiren's teachings.[4][5][6]
The Nichiren Shoshu religion considers this text as an authoritative Buddhist scripture preserved at the repository of Nikko Shonin from the year 1295, recopied in the year 1539 (both lost to history). Due to claims of the text being divinely inspired, it vehemently rejects any re-interpretation of this text outside the confines of the sect.
Structure
editOngi kuden is a series of lectures on important sentences and phrases of the Lotus Sutra, and includes the following lectures:
- The true meaning of Namu Myōhō Renge Kyō.
- Each of the twenty-eight chapters of the Lotus Sutra (Two hundred and thirty one inventory items).
- The Innumerable Meanings Sutra and the Samantabhadra Meditation Sutra.
- The essential passage in each of the twenty-eight chapters of the Lotus Sutra.
Concepts drawn
edit
Ongi kuden elucidates the following theories and concepts as interpreted by Nichiren Shoshu:
- The "Buddhism of Sowing" (Nichiren Buddha) is far superior to the "Buddhism of the Harvest" (Shakyamuni Buddha) in the Third Age of Buddhism.
- The identity of the Three Great Secret Laws to secure the state of Buddhahood.
- Gohonzon in terms of the Person (Nin Honzon) and the unity of a human person and the Gohonzon. (Nin-po-Ikka)
- Kuon-ganjo (This refers to the secret identity of the Buddha of mysteriously infinite, timeless past, presently claimed to be Nichiren Daishonin.)
- Singularity of both the physical body and "Buddha mind".
- Three bodies that animate a Buddha and Three truths of the World (Santai)
- The mutual interpossession of the ten realms of Buddhism and Ichinen Sanzen moments in a singular Life.
- World peace and security of the land.
- Lasting personal happiness in each and every cycle of Rebirth.
The meaning of Nam(u) Myōhō Renge Kyō
editNam-myoho-renge-kyo is claimed to be the core practice of Nichiren's teachings,[7] is weighted on heavily with great significance on Ongi-Kuden. This Nam-myoho-renge-kyo is explained in Ongi kuden as follows:[8]
| Romanization | Chinese | Sanskrit | English | Hermeneutic interpretation of Nichiren Shoshu |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nam | 南 無 |
Namo | Devotion | Dedication of one's life to the truth of Myoho-renge-kyo and to Nichiren Daishonin as the Buddha who embodies the truth, the Dai Gohonzon of the Three Great Secret Laws in terms of both Buddhist theory and religious practice. |
| Myōhō | 妙 法 |
Saddharma | The mystic law | Ignorance and enlightenment are a single entity, both hell and heavenly states are also singular essence. |
| Renge | 蓮 華 |
Puṇḍarīka | The Nelumbo nucifera flower | Singularity of both cause and effect (archetype symbolized by this flower) |
| Kyō | 経 | Sūtra | Sutra or teachings | All phenomena through three existences of past, present, and future as embodied by the Buddha of Compassion, Nichiren Daishonin. |
Claims of forgery
editA large number of Nichiren's writings collected and published by Soka Gakkai (called Gosho Zenshu[9]) has been called into question.
Some scholars have raised doubts about whether these texts were actually authored by Nichiren[10] or approved by him or his associates. Additionally, there has been debate over the authorship of Ongi Kuden, which is believed by some to have been compiled by Nikko Shonin rather than Nichiren Daishonin himself.
The Heibonsha World Encyclopedia states that a growing number of Nichirenist religious and textual writings, including Ongi Kuden, are regarded by some scholars as potentially forgeries.[11]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Michael, Saso (1987). "" Kuden": The Oral Hermeneutics of Tendai Tantric Buddhism". Japanese Journal of Religious Studies. 14: 235–246.
- ^ Keijin, Mamiya (2011). "Bibliographical Researches on Nichiren's Works and their Results [in Japanese]". Minobu Ronso. 16: 179–242.
- ^ https://www.nichirenlibrary.org/en/ott/toc/
- ^ Kenji, Mamiya (2006). "A sketch of studies in Nichiren's doctrine: centering on some modern scholarts in Nichiren-Shu [in Japanese]". Journal, Research Institute of Eastern Culture. 10: 69–122.
- ^ Makoto, Shinohara (2003). "Josei Toda and Students: The 50th Anniversary of the "Lotus sutra Study Group" of Tokyo University Students [in Japanese]". Journal of Soka Education Research. 2: 177–184.
- ^ Daisaku, Ikeda (1999). The New Human Revolution, vol 6. Soka Gakkai.
- ^ Senyu, Nakamura (2015). "Nichiren's "Myojisoku" and "Kangyosoku" [in Japanese]". Journal of Religious Studies. 89: 308–309.
- ^ Masatoshi, Ueki (2001). Gender equality in Buddhism. Peter Lang. pp. 136, 159–161. ISBN 0820451339.
- ^ "The writings of Nichiren Daishonin".
- ^ "Authentic Writings of Nichiren Shonin [1222-1282]".
- ^ World Encyclopedia 1998.
Cited works
edit- "Ongi Kuden" 御義口伝. World Encyclopedia (in Japanese). Heibonsha. 1998. Retrieved 2018-04-21.