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An operating microscope or surgical microscope is an optical microscope specifically designed to be used in a surgical setting, typically to perform microsurgery.[1]
Design features of an operating microscope are: magnification typically in the range from 4x-40x, components that are easy to sterilize or disinfect in order to ensure cross-infection control.
There is often a prism that allows splitting of the light beam in order that assistants may also visualize the procedure or to allow photography or video to be taken of the operating field.
Typically an operating microscope might cost several thousand dollars for a basic model, more advanced models may be much more expensive. Additionally, specialized microsurgical instruments may be required to make full use of the improved vision the microscope affords. It can take time to master use of an operating microscope.[2]
Fields of medicine that make significant use of the operating microscope include plastic surgery, dentistry (especially endodontics), ENT surgery, ophthalmic surgery, and neurosurgery.[3]
In eye surgery
editIn Eye (ophthalmic) surgery, there are procedures which routinely utilize a surgical microscope, such as cataract surgery and corneal transplantation. An Optical coherence tomograph (OCT) can be added to aid the surgeon, especially during retinal surgery.
In dentistry
editIn dentistry, an example of a procedure which commonly uses an operating microscope would be endodontic retreatment, where the magnification provided by the operating microscope improves visualisation of the anatomy present leading to better outcomes for the patient.[4] It has been suggested that the well-focused illumination and magnification should be part of a standard of care in endodontic therapy.[5][6] However, a Cochrane review did not find any studies that met the inclusion criteria to confirm or dispute the hypothesis; therefore suggesting further research.[7]
Other procedures
editSurgical microscopes are used in anastomosis procedures carried out to join blood vessels in vascular surgery.[8]
Surgical microscopes are often used for the insertion of the Tympanostomy tube particularly in pediatric cases.[9][10]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Cordero, Ismael (2014). "Understanding and caring for an operating microscope". Community Eye Health. 27 (85): 17. ISSN 0953-6833. PMC 4069782. PMID 24966460.
- ^ Schaefer, Madison A.; Nelson, Heather N.; Butrum, John L.; Gronseth, James R.; Hines, Jacob H. (2023-03-09). "A low-cost smartphone fluorescence microscope for research, life science education, and STEM outreach". Scientific Reports. 13 (1): 2722. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-29182-y. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 9998573.
- ^ Fichter, Andreas M.; Wolff, Constantin T.; Grabenhorst, Alex; Koss, Leonard H.; von Bomhard, Achim; Nieberler, Markus; Wolff, Klaus-Dietrich; Ritschl, Lucas M. (2023-07-05). "Comparison of a high-definition three-dimensional digital camera system with a conventional state-of-the-art operation microscope for microsurgical anastomoses". Scientific Reports. 13 (1): 10867. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-37530-1. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 10322850.
- ^ "Use of Microscopes and OtherMagnification Devices" (PDF). American Association of Endodontists. 2020.
- ^ Cohen S, Hargreaves KM. Pathways of the Pulp. 9th Edition. St Louis, MO: Mosby, 2006.
- ^ Kim S. Modern endodontic practice: instruments and techniques. Dental Clinics of North America 2004;48(1): 1–9.
- ^ Del Fabbro, Massimo; Taschieri, Silvio; Lodi, Giovanni; Banfi, Giuseppe; Weinstein, Roberto L. (2015). "Magnification devices for endodontic therapy". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2015 (12): CD005969. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005969.pub3. hdl:2434/434134. PMC 7389255. PMID 26650099.
- ^ Malzone, Gerardo; Menichini, Giulio; Innocenti, Marco; Ballestín, Alberto (2023-08-27). "Microsurgical robotic system enables the performance of microvascular anastomoses: a randomized in vivo preclinical trial". Scientific Reports. 13 (1): 14003. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-41143-z. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 10460789.
- ^ "An Overview of the Tympanostomy Tube". NLM.
- ^ Spaw, Mark; Agarwal, Nikki; Camacho, Macario (2024), "Tympanostomy Tube Insertion", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 33351417, retrieved 2024-11-12