Ostashkovsky District (Russian: Оста́шковский райо́н) is an administrative[1] and municipal[5] district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Tver Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the oblast and borders with Demyansky District of Novgorod Oblast in the north, Firovsky District in the northwest, Kuvshinovsky District in the east, Selizharovsky District in the south, Penovsky District in the southwest, and with Maryovsky District of Novgorod Oblast in the west. The area of the district is 3,200 square kilometers (1,200 sq mi).[2] Its administrative center is the town of Ostashkov.[1] Population: 23,761 (2010 Census);[3] 7,357 (2002 Census);[8] 8,921 (1989 Soviet census).[9] The population of Ostashkov accounts for 76.1% of the district's total population.[3]
Ostashkovsky District
Осташковский район | |
|---|---|
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
 Location of Ostashkovsky District in Tver Oblast | |
| Coordinates: 57°09′N 33°06′E / 57.150°N 33.100°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Tver Oblast[1] |
| Established | 1929 |
| Administrative center | Ostashkov[1] |
| Area | |
• Total | 3,200 km2 (1,200 sq mi) |
| Population | |
• Total | 23,761 |
| • Density | 7.4/km2 (19/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 76.1% |
| • Rural | 23.9% |
| Administrative structure | |
| • Administrative divisions | 1 Urban settlements, 10 Rural settlements |
| • Inhabited localities[4] | 1 cities/towns, 247 rural localities |
| Municipal structure | |
| • Municipally incorporated as | Ostashkovsky Municipal District[5] |
| • Municipal divisions[6] | 1 urban settlements, 10 rural settlements |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (MSK [7]) |
| OKTMO ID | 28645000 |
| Website | http://www.ostashkov-seliger.ru/ |
Geography
edit
The major part of the district belongs to the drainage basin of the Volga River. The source of the Volga is located in the district, in the selo of Volgoverkhovye. The district is locates in the southern outskirts of the Valdai Hills, and there is a large lake district in the area of Ostashkovsky District. The biggest lakes in the area are Lake Seliger, with the town of Ostashkov located on its shore, Lake Volgo and Lake Sterzh (parts of Upper Volga Reservoir), and Lake Sig. Both Seliger (via the Selizharovka River) and Sig drain into the Volga, Verkhyaya Volga Reservoir is built in the upper course of the Volga, and the Volga flows through Lake Volgo. Minor areas in the northwest of the district belong to the basin of the Pola River in the basin of the Neva, and rivers in the northeast of the district drain to the Shlina River, also in the drainage basin of the Neva. The Neva drains into the Baltic Sea, and the Volga drains into the Caspian Sea. Thus, the divide between the Atlantic Ocean and the Caspian Sea runs through the district.
History
editIn the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, the area was included into Ingermanlandia Governorate (since 1710 known as Saint Petersburg Governorate), and in 1727 Novgorod Governorate split off. In 1772, Ostashkov was granted town status, and Ostashkovsky Uyezd of Novgorod Governorate was established, with the seat in Ostashkov. In 1775, Tver Viceroyalty was formed from the lands which previously belonged to Moscow and Novgorod Governorates, and the area was transferred to Tver Viceroyalty, which in 1796 was transformed to Tver Governorate.[10]
On 1 October 1929, governorates and uyezds were abolished, and Ostashkovsky District with the administrative center in the town of Ostashkov was established. It belonged to Velikiye Luki Okrug of Western Oblast.[10][11] On August 1, 1930 the okrugs were abolished, and the districts were subordinated directly to the oblast. On January 29, 1935 Kalinin Oblast was established, and Ostashkovsky District was transferred to Kalinin Oblast.[11][12] During World War II, the district was not occupied by German troops but until 1943 stayed in the immediate vicinity of the front lines.[10] In February 1963, during the abortive administrative reform by Nikita Khrushchev, Kirovsky and Penovsky Districts were merged into Ostashkovsky District. On January 12, 1965 Selizharovsky District (which occupied the same area as Kirovsky District), and on December 27, 1973 Penovsky District were re-established. On 12 January 1965 Andreapolsky District was established in the areas which previously belonged to Toropetsky and Ostashkovsky Districts. In 1990, Kalinin Oblast was renamed Tver Oblast.[12]
Administrative and municipal status
editWithin the framework of administrative divisions, Ostashkovsky District is one of the thirty-six in the oblast.[1] The town of Ostashkov serves as its administrative center. A closed urban-type settlement of Solnechny, located geographically within the limits of the district, is incorporated separately as an okrug—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[13]
As a municipal division, the district is incorporated as Ostashkovsky Municipal District.[14] Solnechny Okrug is incorporated separately from the district as Solnechny Urban Okrug.[5]
Economy
editIndustry
editIndustry dominates in the economy of the district. As of 2014, the industrial output represented over 90% of the GDP. The main industrial enterprise in the district is Ostashkov Leather Factory. Additionally, enterprises of timber, textile, and food industries are present.[15]
Agriculture
editThe main agricultural specialization of the district is cattle breeding with meat and milk production.[15]
Transportation
edit
The railway connecting Bologoye with Velikiye Luki crosses the district from northeast to southwest. Ostashkov is the main railway station within the district. There is infrequent passenger traffic.
Ostashkov is connected by road with Torzhok via Kuvshinovo. This road crosses the district, and in Torzhok it has access to M10 highway, connecting Moscow and Saint Petersburg. Ostashkov is further connected with Staritsa via Selizharovo, with Andreapol via Peno, and with Demyansk and Maryovo. There are also local roads, with bus traffic originating from Ostashkov.
Culture and recreation
edit
The district contains 187 cultural heritage monuments of federal significance (125 of them located in Ostashkov) and additionally 287 objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance (118 of them in Ostashkov). Essentially, the whole center of Ostashkov consists of listed buildings. Other federal monuments include the Nilova Pustyn monastery, located on an island on Lake Seliger, the Novyye Yeltsy Estate in the selo of Novyye Yeltsy, as well as a number of churches in the villages of the district and several acheological sites.[16]
Ostashkovsky District Museum was founded in 1889 and is located in Ostashkov. It has displays on local history and ethnography.[17] In 1986, the Seliger Area Nature Museum was open in the settlement of Rogozha, and in 2002, the Museum of the Source of the Volga was open in Volgoverkhovye.[18]
References
editNotes
edit- ^ a b c d e Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 28 245», в ред. изменения №278/2015 от 1 января 2016 г.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division (OKATO). Code 28 245, as amended by the Amendment #278/2015 of January 1, 2016. ).
- ^ a b "Информация о районе" (in Russian). Ostashkovsky District official website. Retrieved December 22, 2014.
- ^ a b c Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ Law #34-ZO stipulates that the borders of the administrative divisions of the district match those of the municipal formations the corresponding municipal district is subdivided into. Law #40-ZO contains the list of the municipal formations of Ostashkovsky Municipal District. The counts of inhabited localities are per OKATO.
- ^ a b c Law #4-ZO
- ^ Law #40-ZO
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
- ^ a b c Малыгин, П. Д.; Смирнов, С. Н. (2007). История административно-территориального деления Тверской Области (PDF). Tver. pp. 14–15. OCLC 540329541.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b Воробьёв, М. В. (1993). Г. В. Туфанова (ed.). Административно-территориальное деление Смоленской области (in Russian). Государственный архив Смоленской области. pp. 118–133.
- ^ a b Справка об изменениях в административно-территориальном делении Тверской губернии - Калининской области (in Russian). Архивы России. Archived from the original on April 19, 2012. Retrieved March 1, 2014.
- ^ Law #34-ZO
- ^ Law #30-ZO
- ^ a b "Отраслевая направленность муниципального образования" (in Russian). Ostashkovsky District official site. Retrieved December 22, 2014.
- ^ Памятники истории и культуры народов Российской Федерации (in Russian). Russian Ministry of Culture. Retrieved June 2, 2016.
- ^ "Осташковский краеведческий музей" (in Russian). Российская сеть культурного наследия. Retrieved January 5, 2015.
- ^ "История района" (in Russian). Ostashkovsky District Administration. Retrieved January 5, 2015.
Sources
edit- Законодательное Собрание Тверской области. Закон №34-ЗО от 17 апреля 2006 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Тверской области», в ред. Закона №66-ЗО от 1 октября 2014 г. «О внесении изменения в статью 18 Закона Тверской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Тверской области"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Тверские ведомости", №17 (специальный выпуск), 19 апреля 2006 г. (Legislative Assembly of Tver Oblast. Law #34-ZO of April 17, 2006 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Tver Oblast, as amended by the Law #66-ZO of October 1, 2014 On Amending Article 18 of the Law of Tver Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Tver Oblast". Effective as of the official publication date.).
- Законодательное Собрание Тверской области. Закон №4-ЗО от 18 января 2005 г. «Об установлении границ муниципальных образований Тверской области и наделении их статусом городских округов, муниципальных районов», в ред. Закона №65-ЗО от 24 июля 2012 г. «О внесении изменения в статью 2 Закона Тверской области "Об установлении границ муниципальных образований Тверской области и наделении их статусом городских округов, муниципальных районов"». Вступил в силу через десять дней после официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Тверские ведомости", №3, 21–27 января 2005 г. (Legislative Assembly of Tver Oblast. Law #4-ZO of January 18, 2005 On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations of Tver Oblast and on Granting Them the Status of Urban Okrugs, Municipal Districts, as amended by the Law #65-ZO of July 24, 2012 On Amending Article 2 of the Law of Tver Oblast "On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations of Tver Oblast and on Granting Them the Status of Urban Okrugs, Municipal Districts". Effective as of the day which is ten days after the official publication.).
- Законодательное Собрание Тверской области. Закон №40-ЗО от 28 февраля 2005 г. «Об установлении границ муниципальных образований, входящих в состав территории муниципального образования Тверской области "Осташковский район", и наделении их статусом городского, сельского поселения», в ред. Закона №16-ЗО от 28 марта 2013 г. «О преобразовании муниципальных образований Щучьенское сельское поселение Осташковского района Тверской области и Святосельское сельское поселение Осташковского района Тверской области и внесении изменений в Закон Тверской области "Об установлении границ муниципальных образований, входящих в состав территории муниципального образования Тверской области "Осташковский район", и наделении их статусом городского, сельского поселения"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Тверские ведомости", №10, 11–17 марта 2005 г. (Legislative Assembly of Tver Oblast. Law #40-ZO of February 28, 2005 On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations Which the Territory of the Municipal Formation of "Ostashkovsky District" Comprises and on Granting Them the Status of Urban, Rural Settlements, as amended by the Law #16-ZO of March 28, 2013 On the Transformation of the Municipal Formations of Shchuchyenskoye Rural Settlement of Ostashkovsky District of Tver Oblast and Svyatoselskoye Rural Settlement of Ostashkovsky District of Tver Oblast and on Amending the Law of Tver Oblast "On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations Which the Territory of the Municipal Formation of "Ostashkovsky District" Comprises and on Granting Them the Status of Urban, Rural Settlements". Effective as of the day of the official publication.).