Wikipedia

Pablo Iglesias Turrión

Not to be confused with Pablo Iglesias Posse, Spanish politician born in 1850.

In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Iglesias and the second or maternal family name is Turrión.

Pablo Iglesias Turrión (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈpaβlojˈɣlesjas tuˈrjon]; born 17 October 1978) is a Spanish political scientist and former politician. During his political career, he served as Second Deputy Prime Minister and as Minister of Social Rights and 2030 Agenda of the Government of Spain from 2020 to 2021. He also served as Member of the Congress of Deputies from 2016 to 2021, representing Madrid. Iglesias is a co-founder of Podemos, a left-wing political party that he led from 2014 until his resignation in 2021.[1]

Pablo Iglesias
Iglesias in 2020
Second Deputy Prime Minister of Spain
In office
13 January 2020 – 31 March 2021
MonarchFelipe VI
Prime MinisterPedro Sánchez
Preceded byManuel Chaves (2011)
Succeeded byNadia Calviño
Minister of Social Rights and 2030 Agenda
In office
13 January 2020 – 31 March 2021
Prime MinisterPedro Sánchez
Preceded byMaría Luisa Carcedo
(Health, Consumer Affairs and Social Welfare)
Succeeded byIone Belarra
Secretary General of Podemos
In office
15 November 2014 – 4 May 2021
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded byIone Belarra
Member of the Congress of Deputies
In office
13 January 2016 – 26 March 2021
ConstituencyMadrid
Member of the European Parliament
In office
1 July 2014 – 27 October 2015
ConstituencySpain
Personal details
Born (1978-10-17) 17 October 1978 (age 46)
Madrid, Spain
Political partyPodemos (2014–present)
Other political
affiliations		Communist Youth Union of Spain (1992–1999)
Domestic partner(s)Tania Sánchez (2008–2015)
Irene Montero (2017–present)
Children3
Alma materComplutense University
Charles III University
European Graduate School
Signature

Before then, he was a lecturer in political science at the Complutense University of Madrid and TV host. He was elected to the European Parliament in the 2014 elections as the leading candidate of the newly created Podemos. On 15 March, he announced that he would be stepping down from the government to run in the Unidas Podemos list for the 2021 Madrilenian regional election,[2][3] leaving politics shortly after Unidas Podemos' poor performance at the ballots.[4]

Biography

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Family and early life

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Pablo Manuel Iglesias Turrión was born on 17 October 1978 in Madrid,[5][n. 1] the son of Luisa Turrión, a lawyer for the trade union CCOO (and daughter of the historic PSOE member Manuel Turrión de Eusebio [es]),[7] and Javier Iglesias, a labour inspector and retired history teacher, and, according to Iglesias, former member of the Revolutionary Antifascist Patriotic Front.[8][n. 2] Iglesias was named Pablo after Pablo Iglesias, a labour movement leader who founded the Spanish Socialist Worker's Party (PSOE) in 1879.[10]

Moving to Soria with his family at the age of two, Iglesias was raised in the latter provincial capital until he was 13 years old, studying in CP Numancia, Infantes de Lara and Las Pedrizas.[11] After his parents separated, he went back to Madrid with his mother, settling in Vallecas, where he became a member of the Communist Youth when he was 14.[12][13] A member of the Global Resistance Movement [es] by the turn of the century,[14] he then took part in anti-globalization protests extolling civil disobedience.[15][10][16][17]

From 1996 to 2001 Iglesias studied law (with an average grade on his student record of 7.3/10) at the Complutense University of Madrid and then Political Science (2004), in which he got the best record of his class, an average of 9.22, 13 Honours and he was awarded the Extraordinary Prize of Degree. He studied at the University of Bologna as part of the Erasmus programme.[18] Aside from Spanish, he speaks English and Italian.[5][n. 3]

Post-graduate activities

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In 2003, he started a TV show on Tele K [es] (a grassroots TV station from Vallecas): La Tuerka,[19] that was later broadcast by Público TV.

Iglesias also earned the teaching certificate (2004), DEA (2005) and PhD (2008).[20][unreliable source?]

His doctoral dissertation under the supervision of Heriberto Cairo Carou dealt with civil disobedience of the anti-globalization movement in early 21st-century Spain and Italy and it was titled Multitud y acción colectiva postnacional: un estudio comparativo de los desobedientes: de Italia a Madrid (2000-2005).[21][22] Iglesias has also obtained a Master of Humanities (2010, honours) from Charles III University with a thesis regarding a political analysis of cinema, and a Master of Arts in Communication (2011, distinction) from the European Graduate School in Switzerland, where he studied political theory, cinema and psychoanalysis.[20][23]

Since the early-2000s, Iglesias was involved with the Center for Political and Social Studies Foundation (CEPS) and spent a time in the executive board of the organisation.[24][25] During the 2000s, Iglesias was involved in Latin American politics for the CEPS Foundation and monitored elections in Paraguay and Bolivia while acting as a strategic analysis advisor for the government of Venezuela and as a consultant for the government of Bolivia.[25][26]

He worked as acting senior lecturer of political science at the UCM,[27] where he was named honorary professor in September 2014.[28] He defended in 2008 his dissertation, which was supervised by Heriberto Cairo Carou,[21] and whose subject was collective political action in post-millennial political history.[29] Since 2002, he has published more than 30 articles in academic journals.[30] He has also written articles in media such as Público,[31] Kaosenlared,[32] Diagonal[33] and Rebelion.org.[34]

 
Iglesias in 2012, working as field reporter for La Tuerka

In 2012, he was hired by United Left's Yolanda Díaz to work as political advisor vis-à-vis the electoral campaign for the 21 October Galician regional election, in which Díaz ran as candidate of the Galician Left Alternative platform.[35]

In January 2013,[36] the broadcasting of Fort Apache was started; the TV show, produced by 360 Global Media and CMI and funded by the Iranian government's HispanTV,[37] featured from 2013 to 2019 a weekly discussion on hot political subjects moderated by Iglesias.[38]

On 25 April 2013, Iglesias was invited to the political talk show El gato al agua (Intereconomía) as panelist.[39] This marked a breaking point, as the doors to mainstream media opened for Iglesias (until then mostly known in restricted circles),[39] gaining a certain public visibility. He became a regular of TV political shows, featuring in El cascabel al gato (13TV), La Sexta Noche (La Sexta), Las Mañanas de Cuatro (Cuatro) and La Noche en 24 Horas (24 Horas).

In October 2013, he was given the "Enfocados" prize by the Department of Journalism and Audiovisual Communication of the Universidad Carlos III of Madrid[40] for his contribution to social change, which he shared with Ignacio Escolar and Jordi Évole in the individual category.

Creation of Podemos

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Iglesias intervening in the presentation of Podemos on 16 January 2014

By late 2013, after an informal dinner at Raúl Camargo's residence, which Iglesias, Miguel Urbán, and Jorge Moruno attended, the idea of launching a platform for the 2014 European Parliament election began to take form.[41] According to Iglesias, he already had the name Podemos in mind, inspired by the homonymously named Tuto Quiroga's Bolivian right-wing platform PODEMOS; the name combined the ideas of 'Power' (poder) and 'Democracy' (democracia).[42]

Days after the issuing of the Mover ficha: convertir la indignación en cambio político ("Moving the counter: converting indignation into political change") manifesto on 14 January 2014,[43] Iglesias presented, along with other people and groups, the Podemos movement,[44] intending to run in the European election. He was elected to lead the list of Podemos (just registered as political party) in open primary elections.[45] His face was used as logo on the ballot paper as he was better known than the party by that time.[46]

He was then elected to the European Parliament, as the party earned 5 seats at the election. On 25 June 2014, GUE/NGL, the European Parliament group Podemos joined, elected him as its proposed candidate for the presidency of the European Parliament.[47][48] As an MEP, Iglesias served in the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Subcommittee on Human Rights and in the vice-chair of the Delegation for relations with Mercosur. He was also a substitute for the Subcommittee on Security and Defence and the Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development.[49] He named Dina Bousselham to be the head of his cabinet of advisors.[50]

Iglesias became the host of Otra vuelta de tuerka, a new TV show featuring an interview by Iglesias of a public figure; it was inaugurated on 6 October 2014, with a talk between Iglesias and Jesús Cintora.[51] Broadcast until 2020, through the years Iglesias interviewed more than 150 individuals, including the likes of Thomas Piketty, Toni Negri, Manuel Castells, Baltasar Garzón, Dilma Rousseff, Owen Jones, Ahed Tamimi, Guilherme Boulos, Nancy Fraser or José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero.

 
Juan Carlos Monedero, Jesús Montero [es], José Manuel López, Pablo Iglesias and Íñigo Errejón attending the investiture of Manuela Carmena as Mayor of Madrid on 13 June 2015

On 15 November 2014 Iglesias became the first Secretary-General of Podemos, after commanding the support of 88.6% of the registered party members who took part in the voting, ending the two-month long Yes We Can Citizen Assembly (Vistalegre I) that defined the party's organizational structure and elected the party cadres.[52]

In March 2015, Iglesias and Tania Sánchez jointly announced the breakup of their domestic partnership;[53] they had been roughly three years together.[54]

Following the results of the May 2015 local elections, and the ensuing success of the lists tacitly endorsed by Podemos in the big cities, Iglesias deemed the new municipal governments in Madrid and Barcelona, presided by Manuela Carmena and Ada Colau respectively, as models in order to "start the (political) change" in the country.[55]

Failed sorpasso

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On 27 October 2015, Iglesias resigned his seat in the European Parliament in order to focus on the campaign for the 2015 Spanish general election.[56]

Iglesias ran first in the Podemos in Madrid for the Congress of Deputies election; Podemos earned 44 seats; forming a parliamentary group with the addition of the legislators elected with En Comú Podem and En Marea; gathering 69 deputies, the new group became the third biggest group in the Lower House.[57] On 15 February 2016, Podemos (along En Comú Podem and En Marea) delivered to PSOE a proposal intending to agree on the government formation with PSOE, but PSOE deemed some of the points as unacceptable; on 30 March, after meeting Pedro Sánchez, Iglesias make public he would renounce to enter government if that were to smooth the negotiations for the investiture of Sánchez as prime minister, while also declaring he was open to the prospect of meeting Albert Rivera, leader of Citizens (4th largest group in Congress), that had already reached a tentative agreement with the PSOE.[58]

After the absence of any investiture, on 3 May 2016 a new general election was called for 26 June. A few days later the journalists Eduardo Inda (Okdiario's chief editor) and Antonio García Ferreras accused Iglesias of allegedly having received illegal funding from the Venezuelan government via a tax haven.[59] The report on which the information was based (whose authorship has been tracked to the so-called "patriotic police" set up by Minister Jorge Fernández Díaz and that included as payment order fake evidence elaborated through clippings taken out of the Internet), led to many headlines in the Spanish press for months although it led to nowhere as evidence.[60][61] 2022 a talk between the former police officer José Manuel Villarejo and the journalist Ferreras from back then was leaked, in which Ferrara himself says he thinks the report is fake, but will still report it.[59][62]

 
Iglesias and Alberto Garzón in 2016 after reaching a deal for the coalition of Podemos and IU for the 2016 general election, the "pacto de los botellines"

On 9 May 2016 Pablo Iglesias and Alberto Garzón (Coordinator-General of IU), announced and agreement vying for an electoral alliance between Podemos and IU vis-à-vis the upcoming general election; this agreement came to be known as the pacto de los botellines.[63] The coalition was named Unidos Podemos and Iglesias ran 1st in the Madrid list. The seats of Unidos Podemos, plus those of En Comú Podem, En Marea and Compromís amounted to 71,[64] and the Unidos Podemos-En Comú Podem-En Marea Confederal Parliamentary Group stood as third political force in the Lower House. The results of the 2016 election brought a breaking point in Podemos as both Iglesias and Íñigo Errejón deemed the results of the election largely as a strategical failure, but because of different interpretations; Iglesias in particular thought the strategy of transversality endorsed by Errejón had shown its limits (conversely Errejón blamed it precisely on the tight alliance with IU).[65]

From December 2016 to February 2017 the 2nd Citizen Assembly of Podemos ("Vistalegre II") took place. Pablo Iglesias bid to repeat as Secretary-General of the party, winning in the leadership vote in which the only challenger he faced was Juan Moreno Yagüe (89% vs. 10,9%).[66] In addition, his platform also imposed over that of Errejón in the voting of the composition of the Podemos State Council and some party papers, and thus his grip on the party strengthened.[67][66]

In April 2017, Iglesias and Podemos tabled a censure motion against the PP government due to a series of corruption scandals of the governing party. The other opposition parties refused to support it,[68] and the motion failed, with only 82 votes in favor against 170 opposed and 97 abstaining.[69] As no-confidence motions in Spain are constructive, Iglesias designated himself as replacement candidate for Prime Minister in the event his motion succeeded in toppling Rajoy.

In May 2018, Iglesias and his domestic partner Irene Montero put their positions in Podemos up for a vote of confidence due to an internal controversy over their purchase of a €600,000 house in Galapagar outside Madrid; some party members saw the purchase as contrary to the party's beliefs.[70][71] The vote of confidence in their positions passed with 68.4% of members voting in their favour.[72] Due to this incident, the right wing media nicknamed the couple "the marquises of Galapagar".

In May 2018, just after the Audiencia Nacional delivered the sentence condemning the People's Party as participant of the Gürtel corruption scheme "on a lucrative basis" and the ensuing filing PSOE parliamentary group of a vote of no confidence in the Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy for 1 June 2018, Iglesias announced that shall the latter motion fail Podemos would file another one just for the purpose of immediately calling for a new general election; this move has been attributed to the will to force the 'yes' vote of the MPs of the Basque Nationalist Party (in principle hostile to new elections and favouring abstention instead); the 'yes' votes of the Basque MPs ultimately determined the success of the motion.[73]

Following the results of the April 2019 Spanish general election (that delivered a plurality to the PSOE in the Congress of Deputies) and the subsequent proposal of Pedro Sánchez as Prime Ministerial candidate by the King, tasked with searching supports for his investiture, Iglesias faced the negotiations between the PSOE and Podemos regarding the investiture vowing for some Podemos politicians to enter the Council of Ministers in a number relative to the PSOE proportional to the votes of each party. Even if on 19 July 2019, Iglesias made clear his personal presence at the Council of Ministers was not to be an excuse not to form a government, dropping any pretense of becoming a minister,[74] the negotiations with the PSOE vis-à-vis the portfolios entrusted to Podemos politicians ultimately failed, and Sánchez could not pass his first investiture in July 2019.

Cabinet member

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Iglesias and Sánchez hugging after the announcement of a tentative agreement for a "progressive" government (Palacio de las Cortes, 12 November 2019)

Following the results of the November 2019 Spanish general election, on 12 November 2019 Pedro Sánchez and Iglesias announced a preliminary agreement between PSOE and Unidas Podemos to rule together.[75][76] The successful investiture of Sánchez as prime minister in a second round vote ensued on 7 January 2020.[77]

Appointed as Second Deputy Prime Minister and as Minister of Social Rights and 2030 Agenda in the Sánchez II Government, he took office along the rest of the ministers in the cabinet on 13 January 2020.[78][79][80] The protocol, established for the smooth functioning of the coalition government, signed by PSOE and Podemos envisaged Iglesias quitting the role of host in TV shows such as Otra vuelta de tuerka and Fort Apache when he became Deputy Prime Minister.[81] Iglesias chose Podemos local leader in Madrid and former Chief of Defence Staff Julio Rodríguez to be his chief of staff,[82] while he opted for Nacho Álvarez [es] and Ione Belarra as Secretaries of State in the Ministry.[83]

2021 Madrilenian regional election and retirement

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On 15 March 2021, Iglesias announced that he planned to resign from cabinet to lead his party in the 2021 Madrilenian regional election.[84] His seat in the Cortes Generales was taken by Mercedes Pérez Merino.

On 22 April 2021, Unidas Podemos revealed that Iglesias had received a letter containing a death threat and several bullets. Similar threats had been sent to Interior Minister Fernando Grande-Marlaska and director of the Guardia Civil María Gámez.[85] During a regional election debate the next day, Vox candidate Rocío Monasterio stated that she believes these threats weren't real.[86] Accusing her of normalising political violence, Iglesias walked out of the debate, as did PSOE's Ángel Gabilondo and Más Madrid's Mónica García.[87] President of Madrid Isabel Díaz Ayuso, a member of the People's Party, later published and deleted a tweet endorsing Monasterio's statements.[88]

Podemos performed poorly in the election, placing fifth with 7.2% of votes, only a small increase. The overall result was a dramatic victory for the People's Party, whom Vox pledged to support.[89] After the announcement of the results, Iglesias announced he would resign from his offices and retire from politics.[90] He stated he had been turned into "a scapegoat" who "mobilizes the worst of those who hate democracy."[91] He and his family had been also the _target of daily harassment in his residence.[92]

Post-political life

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After his retirement from politics, Iglesias returned to his work as a presenter and commentator in the media. In November 2022, he announced the start of a fundraising campaign for the launch of a leftist television channel, which would be called Canal Red.[93] The channel began its broadcasts through the internet on 6 March 2023.[94]

Stances

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He is an admirer of the Italian Communist Party and Antonio Gramsci, as is interested in the party strategy of Palmiro Togliatti and the theoretical work of Antonio Negri.[21][n. 4] At the Vistalegre II party congress in 2017, Iglesias represented one of the two proposals within Podemos—sometimes portrayed as a "traditional left-wing" (Iglesias) vs "classic populist strategy" (Errejón)—that clashed during the event: Iglesias' stance was to strengthen the current Podemos-United Left alliance whereas Errejón argued that this alliance locked the party too much into a radical-left identity.[96][n. 5] In August 2015, Iglesias endorsed Jeremy Corbyn's campaign in the Labour Party leadership election[n. 6] He has declared himself a defender of the Venezuelan Bolivarian government several times and has stated his admiration for the policies of Hugo Chávez.[17][99] He has later changed his public statements regarding Venezuela and disavowed some of his earlier comments, calling the crisis in Venezuela a "disaster".[100][n. 7] Iglesias is a prominent republican, saying that a "new republic would be the best guarantee of a united Spain built on a foundation of respect and freedom to decide".[102] He is not religious, but says he finds himself in agreement with many of Pope Francis's views.[103]

Controversies

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In 2014, at a Chavez tribute in November 2014, Pablo Iglesias, was seen wearing a red shirt, which represents the political ideology of Chavismo, with the Eyes of Chavez printed on the shirt.[104]

In 2016, private messages between Iglesias and Juan Carlos Monedero were leaked in which Iglesias wrote: "I would whip Mariló Montero until she bled... that is the B-side of the national popular, a somewhat perverse Marxist turned into a psychopath." Montero denounced him for his words.[105][106]

In 2018 Iglesias and his domestic partner and Minister of Equality of Spain Irene Montero were accused of hypocrisy after purchasing a villa worth 600,000 euro in a suburb of Madrid. Critics recalled that in 2012 Iglesias criticized conservative Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy's then economy minister Luis de Guindos for buying a luxury home. This clashed with their political message, described as "We are like you, we are from worker's neighborhoods, we wear jeans, we ride the metro".[107]

Electoral history

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Electoral history of Pablo Iglesias
Election List Constituency List position Result
European parliament election, 2014 Podemos Spain 1st (out of 54) Elected
Spanish general election, 2015 Podemos Madrid 1st (out of 36) Elected
Spanish general election, 2016 Unidos Podemos Madrid 1st (out of 36) Elected
Spanish general election, April 2019 Unidas Podemos Madrid 1st (out of 37) Elected
Spanish general election, November 2019 Unidas Podemos Madrid 1st (out of 37) Elected
Madrilenian regional election, May 2021 Podemos-IU Madrid 1st (out of 136) Elected

Works

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Author
  • — (2009). Multitud y acción colectiva postnacional. Madrid: Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Servicio de Publicaciones.
  • — (2011). Desobedientes. De Chiapas a Madrid. Madrid: Editorial Popular.
  • — (2013). Maquiavelo frente a la gran pantalla. Cine y política. Akal.
  • Diario Red
Coauthor
  • Iglesias Turrión, Pablo; Monedero, Juan Carlos (2011). ¡Que no nos representan!: El debate sobre el sistema electoral español. Madrid: Popular.
  • Iglesias Turrión, Pablo; Romero Laullón, Ricardo (2013). Abajo el Régimen. Conversación entre Pablo Iglesias y Nega LCDM. Icaria.
Editor
  • Iglesias Turrión, Pablo; Espasandín, Jesús, eds. (2007). Bolivia en Movimiento. Acción colectiva y poder político. Madrid: El Viejo Topo.
  • Iglesias Turrión, Pablo, ed. (2013). Cuando las películas votan. Lecciones de ciencias sociales a través del cine. Catarata.

Podcast

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References

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Informational notes
  1. ^ Always known as "Pablo", he formally dropped his second name "Manuel" in 2015, after he began to be derisively addressed in public as "Pablo Manuel" by some PSOE politicians.[6]
  2. ^ Pablo's paternal grandfather Manuel Iglesias Ramírez was sentenced to death in Francoist Spain, but the sentence was not carried out because the accusations against him were proven to be false.[9]
  3. ^ He is also studying French.[5]
  4. ^ He has declared that, politically, he is "Italian", adding that "my political mind was made in Italy".[95]
  5. ^ He had nonetheless derided the old IU cadres, declaring in June 2015: "keep on living in your existential pessimism. Stew in your own juice full of red stars and stuff, but don't approach (us), because you are precisely the (individuals) responsible for nothing being changed in this country. You are killjoys ("cenizos"). I don't want political killjoys, people who have been unable to do anything in 25 years. I don't want political leaders from IU (and I have worked for them, they are unable to read the political situation) to approach us.[97]
  6. ^ "We salute and support him," he told reporters. "The fact that at this moment Jeremy Corbyn is the favourite to win... and make a 180-degree turn from the direction set out by Tony Blair shows how much things are changing across Europe." Iglesias added: "A different Labour Party that returns to its origins as a representative of the popular classes is, I believe, very important."[98]
  7. ^ Despite this, during the 2019 Venezuelan presidential crisis, Iglesias argued, in what it was considered a defense of Nicolás Maduro, that the Government of Spain and the EU "should defend international legality, instead of a coup", also arguing that neither Donald Trump nor his allies "were interested in democracy and human rights in Venezuela".[101]
Citations
  1. ^ "From politics to pulling pints: The new careers of politicians". euronews. 16 March 2024. Retrieved 8 May 2024.
  2. ^ "Spain's deputy PM Pablo Iglesias steps down to run in Madrid election". Politico. 15 March 2021.
  3. ^ "Pablo Iglesias deja el Gobierno para disputar la presidencia de Madrid a Ayuso". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 15 March 2021. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  4. ^ "Pablo Iglesias anuncia que abandona la política: "Dejo todos mis cargos"". elmundo.es (in Spanish). El Mundo. 4 May 2021.
  5. ^ a b c Menéndez, María (9 June 2016). "Pablo Iglesias afronta su "segunda vuelta electoral" con el 'sorpasso' al PSOE en la cabeza". rtve.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 20 January 2020.
  6. ^ "Iglesias confiesa que hizo cambiar su DNI en 2015 para no le llamaran Pablo Manuel'". elEconomista.es. 27 April 2017.
  7. ^ Cortés, Josep Maria. "Iglesias baila un Valls". Crónica Global (in Spanish). Retrieved 20 January 2020.
  8. ^ El último secretario general, Público, 18 September 2012.
  9. ^ "El abuelo de Pablo Iglesias fue represaliado por el franquismo". elplural.com (in Spanish). 13 August 2014. Retrieved 1 October 2014.
  10. ^ a b Minder, Raphael (29 May 2014). "Spanish Upstart Party Said It Could, and Did. Now the Hard Part Begins". The New York Times. The New York Times. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  11. ^ desdeSoria.es (20 June 2012). "desdeSoria.es / Periódico digital de Soria". www.desdesoria.es (in European Spanish). Retrieved 20 January 2020.
  12. ^ Suárez, Gonzalo (1 June 2014). "El monaguillo Pablo Iglesias". El Mundo (in Spanish). Retrieved 20 January 2020.
  13. ^ Mora, Jaime G. (31 May 2014). "El fenómeno izquierdista de Podemos, de la "a" a la "z"". ABC (in Spanish). Retrieved 20 January 2020.
  14. ^ "elmundo.es | encuentro digital con Pablo Iglesias". www.elmundo.es. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
  15. ^ 20minutos (26 May 2014). "Pablo Iglesias, el triunfo de un profesor aupado por movimientos 'indignados' y tertulias en TV". www.20minutos.es - Últimas Noticias (in Spanish). Retrieved 20 January 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  16. ^ "Iglesias to head Spain's leftist Podemos party". The Local. 16 November 2014. Retrieved 18 December 2014.
  17. ^ a b Ames, Paul (15 November 2014). "Europe looks left". Global Post. Retrieved 8 January 2015.
  18. ^ Torreblanca, José Ignacio (9 April 2015). Asaltar los cielos: Podemos o la política después de la crisis (in Spanish). Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial España. ISBN 978-84-9992-540-0.
  19. ^ Rozas, Daniel (3 July 2012). "I am not a crock! "A la izquierda le falta imaginación"". Diagonal. Retrieved 13 July 2013.
  20. ^ a b Iglesias Turrión, Pablo. "Pablo Iglesias Turrión's CV" (PDF) (in Spanish). Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 October 2014. Retrieved 26 September 2014.
  21. ^ a b c Chazel & Fernández Vázquez 2019, p. 6.
  22. ^ Juliana, Enric (16 September 2018). "Las tres tesis". La Vanguardia.
  23. ^ Profesorado-Pablo Iglesias Turrión Archived 2016-06-11 at the Wayback Machine UCM's website, 3rd Department of Political Science. Access date 23 May 2014.
  24. ^ "¿Qué es la Fundación CEPS?". CEPS Foundation (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 February 2015.
  25. ^ a b Mercado, Francisco (17 June 2014). "La fundación relacionada con Podemos cobró 3,7 millones de Chávez en 10 años". El Pais. Retrieved 8 February 2015.
  26. ^ Ruiz Valdivia, Antonio (11 May 2014). "25 datos que no sabías de Pablo Iglesias". Huffington Post. Retrieved 8 February 2015.
  27. ^ Pacho, Nacho (12 July 2014). "La Complutense quiere que Pablo Iglesias sea profesor honorífico". El Mundo (in Spanish). El rector explica que Iglesias ya no pertenece a la UCM desde el pasado 1 de julio, cuando perdió su condición de profesor titular interino
  28. ^ "La Complutense nombra profesor honorífico a Pablo Iglesias". eldiario.es (in Spanish). 25 September 2014. Retrieved 25 September 2014.
  29. ^ González, Marina (6 August 2014). "El que puede". La Diaria (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 26 September 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  30. ^ Pablo Iglesias Turrión in Google Scholar. Access date 23 May 2014.
  31. ^ "Otra vuelta de Tuerka". Público (in Spanish). Retrieved 13 July 2013.
  32. ^ "Artículos de Pablo Iglesias". Kaosenlared (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 19 October 2012. Retrieved 13 July 2013.
  33. ^ Iglesias Turrión, Pablo (22 July 2006). "Asamblea constituyente y revolución". Diagonal (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 25 July 2015. Retrieved 13 July 2013.
  34. ^ "Artículos de Pablo Iglesias". Rebelión.org (in Spanish). Retrieved 13 July 2013.
  35. ^ Junquera, Natalia (5 January 2019). "Yolanda Díaz, la política que fichó a Iglesias como asesor". El País.
  36. ^ "Radiografía en crudo de Pablo Iglesias, un líder forjado al ritmo de la 'Tuerka style'". El Confidencial (in Spanish). 7 April 2015. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
  37. ^ Diariocrítico.com. "'Fort Apache': el reducto mediático de Pablo Iglesias". Diariocrítico.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 20 January 2020.
  38. ^ Elorza Múgica, Alejandra (13 December 2014). "Iglesias reconoce ahora que sí cobró por las tertulias". La Razón (in Spanish). Retrieved 20 January 2020.
  39. ^ a b Suanzes, Pablo R.; Bécares, Roberto (27 May 2014). "El líder que profesionalizó las tertulias". El Mundo (in Spanish). Retrieved 20 January 2020.
  40. ^ "Celebrada la primera edición de los Premios de Periodismo para el Cambio Social". entreculturas (in Spanish). 13 November 2013. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  41. ^ "Podemos nació en un coche". CTXT. 16 April 2015.
  42. ^ Riveiro, Aitor (2017). El cielo tendrá que esperar: Un recorrido por los tres primeros años de vida de Podemos. ISBN 9788417023775.
  43. ^ Kadner, M. (5 November 2014). "Podemos, siete momentos clave". El País.
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  68. ^ Torres, Diego (27 April 2017). "Podemos divides opposition with Rajoy no-confidence motion". Politico. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
  69. ^ Day, Paul (13 June 2017). "Spain's parliament rejects no-confidence motion against PM Rajoy". Reuters. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
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  75. ^ Sánchez, Manuel; Asuar, Beatriz (12 November 2019). "Sánchez e Iglesias pactan un Gobierno de coalición, pero la estructura se conocerá tras la investidura". Público (in Spanish). Display Connectors, SL. Retrieved 12 November 2019.
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  78. ^ "Real Decreto 5/2020, de 12 de enero, por el que se nombra Vicepresidente Segundo del Gobierno a don Pablo Iglesias Turrión". Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). 12 January 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2020.
  79. ^ "Pablo Iglesias, sin corbata, toma posesión de su cargo y usa la fórmula de "Consejo de ministros y ministras"". Europa Press. 13 January 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
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  84. ^ Pablo Iglesislas deja vicepresidencia y comperirá contra Ayuso en Madrid in abc.es (in Spanish)
  85. ^ "Unidas Podemos revela que Marlaska, Iglesias y la directora de la Guardia Civil han recibido una carta con balas en su interior". ElDiario.es (in Spanish). Europa Press. 22 April 2021. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
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  103. ^ Escolar, Arsenio (4 November 2014). "Pablo Iglesias: "No soy religioso, pero me sorprende estar tan de acuerdo con el papa"" [Pablo Iglesias: "I'm not religious, but I'm surprised to be so in agreement with the Pope"]. 20 Minutos (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 March 2018.
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  105. ^ "Iglesias sobre Mariló Montero: "La azotaría hasta que sangre. Soy marxista convertido en psicópata"". Ok Diario. 22 July 2016.
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Bibliography
  • Chazel, Laura; Fernández Vázquez, Guillermo (2019). "Podemos, at the origins of the internal conflicts around the 'populist hypothesis': a comparison of the theoretical production, public speeches and militant trajectories of Pablo Iglesias and Íñigo Errejón". European Politics and Society. 21: 1–16. doi:10.1080/23745118.2019.1582256. S2CID 159125859.
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Political offices
New office Second Deputy Prime Minister of Spain
2020-present 		Incumbent
Preceded by
María Luisa Carcedo
as Minister of Health, Consumption and Social Welfare
 Minister of Social Rights and 2030 Agenda
2020-present 		Incumbent
Party political offices
New office Secretary General of Podemos
2014–present 		Incumbent
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