Wikipedia

Penile-vaginal intercourse

Penile-vaginal intercourse or vaginal intercourse is a form of penetrative sexual intercourse in human sexuality, in which an erect penis is inserted into a vagina.[1] Synonyms are: vaginal sex, cohabitation, coitus (Latin: coitus per vaginam), (in elegant colloquial language) intimacy, or (poetic) lovemaking. (Some of the synonyms are used for other variants of sexual intercourse as well.) It corresponds to mating or copulation in non-human animals.

Various sex positions can be used. Following insertion, additional stimulation is often achieved through rhythmic pelvic thrusting or a gyration of the hips, among other techniques. The biological imperative is to achieve male ejaculation so that sperm can enter the female reproductive tract and fertilize the egg, thus beginning the next stage in human reproduction, pregnancy.

Biological function

edit
 
Processes in the human biological life cycle:
1. maturity; 2. spermatogenesis and oogenesis;
3. vaginal intercourse with internal fertilization;
4. zygote; 5. embryonic development;
6. childbirth; 7. adolescence.

The desire for sensual pleasure is usually the main motivation for humans, and sometimes the wish to have a baby or more children.[2][3] The biological function of vaginal intercourse is human reproduction. During coitus without a condom, sperm enter the vagina, first with the pre-ejaculate and then a larger amount through male ejaculation.[4]

Sperm swim through the cervix and the uterus into the fallopian tubes of the woman. If they meet a fertilisable egg cell after or during an ovulation, or if an ovulation occurs hours or days later, one sperm can fertilize it. The resulting zygote develops into the early embryonic stages and, in the meantime, migrates from the fallopian tube into the uterus. The nidation of the embryo called blastocyst at this stage of development with the beginning of the production of hCG marks the beginning of a pregnancy.[5] Without contraceptives, during a woman's fertile days, there is a relatively high probability that conception will follow.

For people who do not want (another) child, contraception has made it possible to separate vaginal intercourse from its biological function of procreation.[6][7][page needed][8] Worldwide, about 57 per cent of couples with women of reproductive age use modern methods of contraception.[9]

Since there is no mating season (estrus) in humans, the partners can have penile-vaginal intercourse distributed over the menstrual cycle regardless of the time of ovulation, even when the woman is already pregnant and after the menopause.[10][11] The principles of safer sex eliminate the reproductive function. Couples who wish to have offspring can avail themselves of the tests for sexually transmitted infections recommended by the WHO, so that after ruling out or treating any detected infection they can have penile-vaginal intercourse without using a condom.[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][excessive citations]

There are currently more than 7.5 billion people (World Population 8 billion) whose biological parents conceived this way. The increasing proportion of people conceived through intrauterine insemination and in vitro fertilisation is still comparatively small.

edit

Vaginal intercourse between private individuals is part of their private sphere. Sexual intercourse between an adult and a young person is generally only permitted after the age of consent in the respective country has been reached, though some countries/jurisdictions have special exceptions to this rule. These exceptions may include when the minor is legally married to the adult or within no more than a specified age gap with the adult. Nowadays intimate intercourse between unmarried teenagers is permitted and common in many countries, but not in Muslim culture. Lack of sexual education about contraception often leads to teenage pregnancy. In many countries, after marriage, the first cohabitation is considered a (sexual) "consummation of marriage". In countries with Sharia, the religious regulations from the Quran, which prohibit any sexual activity with a person to whom one is not married, are a part of the legislation. In every country of the world vaginal intercourse performed without the consent of the other person constitutes rape.[citation needed]

Psychological aspects

edit

A desire for pleasure is a natural motivation for sex in general.[22] Human intimacy favours a pleasurable experience.[23] For people who prefer non-committal sex, emotional closeness plays a lesser role.[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] In studies consensual vaginal intercourse has been associated with signs of better physiological and psychological functions.[33] In women, regular orgasms during vaginal sex correlate positively with passion, love and relationship quality.[34]

In experimental studies with men and women whose hormone levels were examined, one having vaginal intercourse and the other self-pleasuring to orgasm, it was found that in both sexes the increase in prolactin was 400% higher after vaginal intercourse than after masturbation. This is interpreted to mean that vaginal intercourse is physiologically more satisfying.[35][36] In satisfying relationships, positive effects on health and well-being have been proven. One study (2012) showed a stress reduction effect for both partners in satisfying relationships, but not in unsatisfactory relationships.[37][38] As preliminary for the natural procreation of a new human being, for females penile-vaginal intercourse is connected with various attributes like psychological onto sacramental aspects beyond the reproductive function. Sometimes sex is also driven by motives like to degrade, to punish or to overcome loneliness and boredom.[39]

In 2006, the WHO reported a worldwide prevalence of between 8% and 21.1% of painful vaginal sex for women.[40] In a U.S. study, about 30% of women and 7% of men reported pain, for most only mild and of short duration. This study found that a large percentage of Americans do not talk about the pain with their partner.[41][42] In a Swedish study of young women aged 18 to 22, as many as 47% reported pain, but they said they did not want to interrupt the sex act. Some pretended to enjoy it instead of giving the man any feedback. The most common reason was that they put the man's pleasure above their own and tended toward submissiveness during sex.[43] Data from an online survey in the United States suggest that a proportion of men engage in sexual behaviours described as dominant and purposeful, in which they mimic behaviors seen in porn.[44] Unless a woman's pain has a physical cause, it is often related to impatient partner action or lack of open communication. The prevention of sexual disappointment and dyspareunia caused by the behaviour of the male partner is summarized by Betty Dodson in the following words:

“It’s a pleasure to be with a man who is self-assured, confident in his ability to get erect and maintain his erection long enough to enjoy the dance of erotic love. If he’s not a cocksman, he has mastered oral and manual skills. He has a sensitive touch and never hesitates to ask how I like my clitoris touched. He is never in a hurry. Before touching my clitoris, he always applies some kind of lubrication. When entering my vagina, he savours slow penetration.”[45]

Description

edit
 
Sex positions:
1. Sitting position; 2. Woman on top; 3. Lateral coital position; 4. Spoons position; 5. Doggy style;
6. Missionary position; 7. Variant of the missionary position;
8. Sleigh ride; 9. Flanquette; 10. Standing position.
 
Penile penetration of the vagina touching the G-spot with the glans of the penis.
 
Well perfused labia and clitoral erection. Whether or not the clitoral glans is stimulated by the penis depends on the clitoris-urethral meatus distance (CUMD) and on the positions and movements.
 
Painting from the Kamasutra:
Coitus with nipple stimulation.

In all mammals including humans, penile penetration of the vagina is an instinctual behaviour serving the continuation of the species.[46][47] In humans, learned behaviour also plays an important role (sexual scripts).[48] From Shere Hite, there is the suggestion to define "onset" not by penetration, but by the covering of the vulva by the penis.[49]

Preparation for vaginal coitus usually involves foreplay in the form of caresses, petting, manual sex and/or oral sex. For the woman, physical sexual arousal and clitoral erection resulting from the foreplay are the prerequisites for the reaction of the intravaginal G-spot.

The sex positions, the pelvic movements of the woman and the man, how slowly or quickly they are performed and the lesser or greater depth have an influence on the two arousal curves. Duration can be influenced by positions, gentle or stronger movements, and by touching erogenous zones with the hands.[50] The needs for movements are individually different for both women and men.[51][52] For women, pelvic floor training and active movements of their pelvis during vaginal intercourse increase the chance of orgasm.[53][54] A man's arousal curve usually rises faster, while women need plenty of time.[55] According to an investigation of 2005 the time from penile insertion to male orgasm, the intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT), varies between 0.55 and 44.1 minutes.[56] Sexually experienced men use delaying techniques to give their female partner the time she needs. Most men can learn to intentionally delay their own arousal and orgasm by practicing this doing masturbation.[57][58][59][60] The reason why men are faster by nature:

In a man, his glans penis is constantly enveloped by the vagina, it is continuously stimulated, making it likely that moving in and out will cause him to have an orgasm relatively soon.

In women, the glans clitoridis lies in a distance to the vaginal entrance often without physical contact.[61]

The clitoral glans has an essential function in triggering sexual arousal and then orgasm,[62] For many women, the movement of the penis in the vagina causes only a limited increase in their arousal. Many women reach orgasm when both the extravaginally located parts of the clitoris and the erogenous zones inside the vagina are continuously stimulated simultaneously for long enough. Sexual arousal can increase to the point where one or both partners experience an orgasm either in succession, or simultaneously. The hypothesis of two modes of female orgasm - "vaginal" or "clitoral" - is not tenable. Rather, it is a complex reaction in which all organ systems of the human body are involved.[63][64][65] Without clitoral stimulation, 23.3% of women reach orgasm during vaginal intercourse, with simultaneous clitoral stimulation 74%.[66]

When the man is sitting upright with the woman sitting on his lap, she can rub her clitoris against his pubic bone.[67] In lateral coital position there are also possibilities for clitoral stimulation while the penis is moving inside. In the Flanquette position, the man can give some pressure with his thigh to her mons pubis and the clitoral glans.

Another variation of vaginal sex is with lesbians who use a single or double-sided dildo.[68]

Injury risks

edit
 
The vagina becomes wider and longer when the woman is sexually aroused. In the absence of arousal, even a penis that is not particularly large can bump at the cervix or into the vaginal fornix causing pain.
 
Injury of the vaginal fornix by too rough and deep penile penetration.

In a woman with an intact moist vaginal mucosa, friction by the penis is painless. In case of insufficient vaginal lubrication or excessive temporal extension of the coitus, the mucous membranes may become sore due to mechanical irritation.[69] If sand gets into the vagina on a beach or in an unclean dwelling, small abrasions occur in the vagina and on the glans penis. A vaginal douche has physiological disadvantages.[70] The sand is excreted by the natural self-cleaning of the mucous membrane.

The length of the stretched vagina varies from person to person. The mean value is 13 cm (+ - 3 cm) which corresponds to the average length of the human penis. At rest, the vagina is considerably shorter. In a study from 1993, the mean value was given as 9.2 cm, in a study from 2006 only 6.27 cm with a variation of the lengths between 4.1 and 9.5 cm.[71][72] If the woman is not sufficiently aroused with a deep penetration the penis bumps against the cervix causing pain. If the stretching capacity of the vagina is exceeded by a too large penis, pain and inflammation will result. The same problem can occur with a relatively short vagina. The remedy in both situations is to be mindful of the time for clitoral stimulation by foreplay and to avoid penetrating too deeply.[73] A comparative study between women who had consensual vaginal sex and victims of rape found that in consensual sex, 6.9 percent of women had genital injuries. Among women who were raped, 22.8 percent suffered genital injuries.[74]

 

In men, there is a risk of penile rupture if the penis is bent when erect. This is a case of medical emergency.[75][76][77] According to studies (2017 and 2022), accidents in which the man suffers a penile fracture occur predominantly in the doggy style position, but a careless movement by the woman on top can also inflict such a serious injury on the man.[78][79] One of the causes is the penis slipping out of the vagina and, during the next thrusting movement, forcefully hitting an area of the vulva under which her pubis bone and the pubic symphysis are, causing the penis to suddenly bend downwards. In the missionary position such accidents are rare. Unsuitable angles and changes of position of one or both partners can also lead to severe misstrain of the penile corpus cavernosum and thus to a penile rupture.[80][81][82]

Partnering techniques preferred by women

edit

In 2021, a study of 3017 American women identified the ways women have discovered to make vaginal sex with a male partner more pleasurable and arousing for themselves.

  • "Angling": 87.5% of women find it pleasurable to circle their pelvis or lift and lower it to control where the penis pushes or rubs and how it feels.
 
Rocking
 
Pairing[83]
  • Rocking": 76% of women find it sexually arousing to have the penis constantly deep inside the vagina without any long in and out movements and to rub their clitoral glans against the base of the penis.
  • "Shallowing": 84% of women enjoy and respond to "shallow" penetration, i.e. when the tip of the penis moves only in the front part of the vagina (G-spot), but not on the outside or deep inside.
  • Pairing": 69.7% of women are most likely to reach orgasm during vaginal intercourse when they or their partner stimulate their clitoris with a finger or vibrator or Hitachi Magic Wand simultaneously.

The knowledge of such techniques enables women to communicate their preferences to their partners.[84] Pairing has been tested successfully since the 1970s by Betty Dodson in her coachings for women suffering from anorgasmia by using a dildo to penetrate the vagina and a vibrator to place next to the clitoral glans. The other techniques were also part of her coaching for women who wished to experience orgasm during vaginal intercourse as much as their partner.

Physical conditions

edit

Menstrual cramps, hygienic or cultural reasons may condition abstinence during menstruation.[85] A necessity for painless intimate intercourse is vaginal lubrication. In women with vaginal aplasia, a neovagina can be surgically created by vaginoplasty. In men, the prerequisite is a painless penis and the ability to have an erection.[86][87]

An investigation by the Charité Berlin (2002) found that, for women, the partner's smell had the first effect on stimulating or inhibiting pleasure, followed by mood, personal hygiene, clitoral stimulation and safety from disease. Attractiveness and penis length played a subordinate role.[88] Women generally respond more to olfactory perception, men more to visual perceptions.[89]

A variety of factors can lead to discomfort or pain (see dyspareunia).[90] Specialists in gynaecology are responsible for treatment in women; specialists in urology and dermatology are responsible for treatment in men.

For people with physical impairments (disability), sex positions that do not cause discomfort are usually possible. In a study of patients with chronic lumbar spine pain, 81 per cent complained of sexual problems, and 66 per cent never talked about the issue with their physician.[91][92]

See also

edit

References

edit
  1. ^ Levin, Roy (2016). "Penile-Vaginal Sex". Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science. pp. 1–4. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_3365-1. ISBN 978-3-319-16999-6.
  2. ^ Robertson, John A. (1983). "Procreative Liberty and the Control of Conception, Pregnancy, and Childbirth". Virginia Law Review. 69 (3): 405–464. doi:10.2307/1072766. JSTOR 1072766. PMID 11651806.
  3. ^ Abramson, Paul R.; Pinkerton, Steven D. (1995). Sexual Nature/Sexual Culture. University of Chicago Press. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-226-00182-1.
  4. ^ Encyclopedia.com: Penetration. March 2022.
  5. ^ Neil A. Campbell, Jane B. Reece: Biologie. Spektrum-Verlag, Heidelberg/ Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-8274-1352-4, page 1178–1187
  6. ^ Robertson, John A. (1983). "Procreative Liberty and the Control of Conception, Pregnancy, and Childbirth". Virginia Law Review. 69 (3): 405–464. doi:10.2307/1072766. JSTOR 1072766. PMID 11651806.
  7. ^ Abramson, Paul R.; Pinkerton, Steven D. (1995). Sexual Nature/Sexual Culture. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-00182-1.
  8. ^ Rye, B. J.; Meaney, Glenn J. (December 2007). "The pursuit of sexual pleasure". Sexuality & Culture. 11 (1): 28–51. doi:10.1007/BF02853934.
  9. ^ Trends in Contraceptive Use Worldwide 2015. 2016. doi:10.18356/f52491f9-en. ISBN 978-92-1-361978-0.[page needed]
  10. ^ Abramson, Paul R.; Pinkerton, Steven D. (1995). Sexual Nature/Sexual Culture. University of Chicago Press. pp. 18–21. ISBN 978-0-226-00182-1.
  11. ^ Desmond Morris: The Naked Ape: A Zoologist's Study of the Human Animal
  12. ^ Crosby, Richard A; Graham, Cynthia A; Milhausen, Robin R; Sanders, Stephanie A; Yarber, William L; Salazar, Laura F; Terrell, Ivy; Pasternak, Ryan (November 2015). "Desire to father a child and condom use: a study of young black men at risk of sexually transmitted infections" (PDF). International Journal of STD & AIDS. 26 (13): 941–944. doi:10.1177/0956462414563623. PMID 25505038.
  13. ^ Organization, World Health (2013). Sexually transmitted infections (STIs): the importance of a renewed commitment to STI prevention and control in achieving global sexual and reproductive health. World Health Organization. p. 2. hdl:10665/82207.
  14. ^ WHO: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
  15. ^ Bremer, V.; Brockmeyer, N.; Hagedorn, H. J.; Knoell, A.; Marcus, U.; Meyer, T.; Nitschke, H.; Nick., S. (6 February 2012). "Schnelltests in der Diagnostik sexuell übertragbarer Infektionen" [Rapid tests in the diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections] (PDF). Epidemiologisches Bulletin (in German). 5: 37–41.
  16. ^ Aids-Hilfe Schweiz: Family planning.
  17. ^ Mein Baby, mein Kids to go: Gesundheits-Check-up bei Kinderwunsch. 2023.
  18. ^ Sanitas: pre-pregnancy health check-up. 2023.
  19. ^ Federal Ministry of Health (Germany): Pregnancy check-up and chlamydia screening.
  20. ^ Universitätsmedizin Essen, Universitätsklinikum für Dermatologie: HIV, pregnancy and family planning. 2023.
  21. ^ WHO: Planning pregnancy and having safe sex.
  22. ^ Abramson, Paul R.; Pinkerton, Steven D. (1995). Sexual Nature/Sexual Culture. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-00182-1.[page needed]
  23. ^ Tobias Ruland: Die Psychologie der Intimität. Klett-Cotta-Verlag, Stuttgart 2015. ISBN 978-3-608-98037-0.
  24. ^ Garcia, Justin R.; Reiber, Chris; Massey, Sean G.; Merriwether, Ann M. (June 2012). "Sexual Hookup Culture: A Review". Review of General Psychology. 16 (2): 161–176. doi:10.1037/a0027911. PMC 3613286. PMID 23559846.
  25. ^ Hodgson, R. J.; Budd, R.; Griffiths, M. (2000). "Impulskontrollstörungen" [Impulse control disorders]. Erlebens- und Verhaltensstörungen, Abhängigkeit und Suizid [Emotional and behavioral disorders, addiction and suicide] (in German). pp. 411–430. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-59627-8_15. ISBN 978-3-540-65803-0.
  26. ^ Hunter Murray, Sarah (28 August 2017). "The Sexual Science of Cuddling". Psychology Today.
  27. ^ Jessie Sage: If you require an emotional connection to feel any sexual connection, you are not alone. In: pghcitypaper.com vom 14 August 2019.
  28. ^ LaBier, Douglas (24 May 2010). "The Differences Between Hook-Up Sex, Marital Sex, and Making Love". Psychology Today.
  29. ^ Jannini, Emmanuele A.; Rubio-Casillas, Alberto; Whipple, Beverly; Buisson, Odile; Komisaruk, Barry R.; Brody, Stuart (April 2012). "Female Orgasm(s): One, Two, Several". The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 9 (4): 956–965. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2012.02694.x. PMID 22462587.
  30. ^ Fisher, Helen E; Aron, Arthur; Brown, Lucy L (29 December 2006). "Romantic love: a mammalian brain system for mate choice". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 361 (1476): 2173–2186. doi:10.1098/rstb.2006.1938. PMC 1764845. PMID 17118931.
  31. ^ Hatfield, Elaine; Rapson, Richard L. (June 1987). "Passionate love/sexual desire: Can the same paradigm explain both?". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 16 (3): 259–278. doi:10.1007/BF01541613. PMID 3606382.
  32. ^ Hatfield, Elaine; Sprecher, Susan (December 1986). "Measuring passionate love in intimate relationships". Journal of Adolescence. 9 (4): 383–410. doi:10.1016/S0140-1971(86)80043-4. PMID 3805440.
  33. ^ Brody, Stuart; Preut, Ragnar (January 2003). "Vaginal Intercourse Frequency and Heart Rate Variability". Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy. 29 (5): 371–380. doi:10.1080/00926230390224747. PMID 14504008.
  34. ^ Costa, Rui Miguel; Brody, Stuart (14 June 2007). "Women's Relationship Quality is Associated with Specifically Penile-Vaginal Intercourse Orgasm and Frequency". Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy. 33 (4): 319–327. doi:10.1080/00926230701385548. PMID 17541850.
  35. ^ Brody, Stuart; Krüger, Tillmann H.C. (March 2006). "The post-orgasmic prolactin increase following intercourse is greater than following masturbation and suggests greater satiety". Biological Psychology. 71 (3): 312–315. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2005.06.008. PMID 16095799.
  36. ^ Brody, Stuart; Costa, Rui Miguel (July 2009). "Satisfaction (Sexual, Life, Relationship, and Mental Health) Is Associated Directly with Penile–Vaginal Intercourse, but Inversely with Other Sexual Behavior Frequencies". The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 6 (7): 1947–1954. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01303.x. PMID 19453891.
  37. ^ Ein-Dor, Tsachi; Hirschberger, Gilad (February 2012). "Sexual healing: Daily diary evidence that sex relieves stress for men and women in satisfying relationships". Journal of Social and Personal Relationships. 29 (1): 126–139. doi:10.1177/0265407511431185.
  38. ^ BKK-web TV Gesundheitsmagazin: Sex im Alter. 26 February 2010.
  39. ^ Levin, Roy (2016). "Penile-Vaginal Sex". Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science. pp. 1–4. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_3365-1. ISBN 978-3-319-16999-6.
  40. ^ Sorensen, James; Bautsita, Katherine; Lamvu, Georgine; Feranec, Jessica (27 March 2018). "Evaluation and Treatment of Female Sexual Pain: A Clinical Review". Cureus. 10 (3): e2379. doi:10.7759/cureus.2379. PMC 5969816. PMID 29805948.
  41. ^ Herbenick, Debby; Schick, Vanessa; Sanders, Stephanie A.; Reece, Michael; Fortenberry, J. Dennis (April 2015). "Pain Experienced During Vaginal and Anal Intercourse with Other-Sex Partners: Findings from a Nationally Representative Probability Study in the United States". The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 12 (4): 1040–1051. doi:10.1111/jsm.12841. PMID 25648245.
  42. ^ Carter, Allison; Ford, Jessie V.; Luetke, Maya; Fu, Tsung-chieh (Jane); Townes, Ashley; Hensel, Devon J.; Dodge, Brian; Herbenick, Debby (December 2019). "'Fulfilling His Needs, Not Mine': Reasons for Not Talking About Painful Sex and Associations with Lack of Pleasure in a Nationally Representative Sample of Women in the United States". The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 16 (12): 1953–1965. doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.08.016. PMID 31551190.
  43. ^ Elmerstig, Eva; Wijma, Barbro; Swahnberg, Katarina (June 2013). "Prioritizing the partner's enjoyment: a population-based study on young Swedish women with experience of pain during vaginal intercourse". Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology. 34 (2): 82–89. doi:10.3109/0167482X.2013.793665. hdl:2043/15832. PMID 23701494.
  44. ^ Herbenick, Debby; Fu, Tsung-Chieh; Wright, Paul; Paul, Bryant; Gradus, Ronna; Bauer, Jill; Jones, Rashida (April 2020). "Diverse Sexual Behaviors and Pornography Use: Findings From a Nationally Representative Probability Survey of Americans Aged 18 to 60 Years". The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 17 (4): 623–633. doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.01.013. PMID 32081698.
  45. ^ Dodson, Betty (2003). Orgasms for Two: The Joy of Partnersex. Harmony/Rodale. ISBN 978-1-4000-5203-5.[page needed]
  46. ^ Encyclopedia.com: Penetration.
  47. ^ Desmond Morris: The Naked Ape.
  48. ^ Diane Glelm: Is Sex Natural? In: Psychology Today., 19 February 2020.
  49. ^ Hite, Shere (2003). The Hite Report: A Nationwide Study of Female Sexuality. Seven Stories Press. p. 11. ISBN 978-1-58322-569-1.
  50. ^ Alex Comfort: The Joy of Sex 1972.
  51. ^ Schultz, W. W.; van Andel, P.; Sabelis, I.; Mooyaart, E. (18 December 1999). "Magnetic resonance imaging of male and female genitals during coitus and female sexual arousal". BMJ. 319 (7225): 1596–1600. doi:10.1136/bmj.319.7225.1596. PMC 28302. PMID 10600954.
  52. ^ Alzate, Heli; Londono, Maria Ladi (March 1984). "Vaginal erotic sensitivity". Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy. 10 (1): 49–56. doi:10.1080/00926238408405789. PMID 6708117.
  53. ^ Soeder, S; Lehmann, A; Tunn, R; Grüsser-Sinopoli, Sm (19 September 2006). "Beckenbodenbewußtseinsschulung als Einflussfaktoren auf das sexuelle Erleben der Frau". Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde. 66 (S 01). doi:10.1055/s-2006-952497.
  54. ^ Bischof-Campbell, Annette; Hilpert, Peter; Burri, Andrea; Bischof, Karoline (24 March 2019). "Body Movement Is Associated With Orgasm During Vaginal Intercourse in Women". The Journal of Sex Research. 56 (3): 356–366. doi:10.1080/00224499.2018.1531367. PMID 30358427.
  55. ^ Weiss, Petr; Brody, Stuart (2009). "Women's Partnered Orgasm Consistency Is Associated with Greater Duration of Penile–Vaginal Intercourse but Not of Foreplay". The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 6 (1): 135–141. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.01041.x. PMID 19170844.
  56. ^ Waldinger, Marcel D.; Quinn, Paul; Dilleen, Maria; Mundayat, Rajiv; Schweitzer, Dave H.; Boolell, Mitradev (July 2005). "A Multinational Population Survey of Intravaginal Ejaculation Latency Time". The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 2 (4): 492–497. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2005.00070.x. PMID 16422843.
  57. ^ Dodson, Betty (2003). Orgasms for Two: The Joy of Partnersex. Harmony/Rodale. ISBN 978-1-4000-5203-5.[page needed]
  58. ^ Grenier, Guy; Byers, E. Sandra (February 1997). "The Relationships Among Ejaculatory Control, Ejaculatory Latency, and Attempts to Prolong Heterosexual Intercourse". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 26 (1): 27–47. doi:10.1023/A:1024569319319. PMID 9015578.
  59. ^ Ishak, Waguih William; Clevenger, Steven; Pechnick, Robert N.; Parisi, Thomas (2017). "Sex and Natural Sexual Enhancement: Sexual Techniques, Aphrodisiac Foods, and Nutraceuticals". The Textbook of Clinical Sexual Medicine. pp. 413–432. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-52539-6_27. ISBN 978-3-319-52538-9.
  60. ^ Richardson, Diana (2011). Slow Sex: The Path to Fulfilling and Sustainable Sexuality. Inner Traditions/Bear. ISBN 978-1-59477-823-0.[page needed]
  61. ^ Pfaus, James G.; Quintana, Gonzalo R.; Mac Cionnaith, Conall; Parada, Mayte (January 2016). "The whole versus the sum of some of the parts: toward resolving the apparent controversy of clitoral versus vaginal orgasms". Socioaffective Neuroscience & Psychology. 6 (1): 32578. doi:10.3402/snp.v6.32578. PMC 5084726. PMID 27791968.
  62. ^ O'Connell, Helen E.; Sanjeevan, Kalavampara V.; Hutson, John M. (October 2005). "Anatomy of the Clitoris". Journal of Urology. 174 (4 Part 1): 1189–1195. doi:10.1097/01.ju.0000173639.38898.cd. PMID 16145367.
  63. ^ Volkmar Sigusch: Sexualitäten. Eine kritische Theorie in 99 Fragmenten. Frankfurt a. M., New York 2013 – ISBN 978-3-593-39975-1
  64. ^ Gräfenberg, Ernst (1950). "The Role of the Urethra in Female Orgasm". International Journal of Sexology. 3: 145–149.
  65. ^ Dodson, Betty (2003). Orgasms for Two: The Joy of Partnersex. Harmony/Rodale. ISBN 978-1-4000-5203-5.[page needed]
  66. ^ Stefanie Gonin-Spahni, Michèle Borgmann, Sandra Gloor, Hansjörg Znoj: Sexualität Beziehung und Gesundheit. In: SeBeGe Newsletter, Informationen zum Projekt SeBeGe, Institut für Psychologie der Universität Bern, August 2019, page 10.
  67. ^ Lotus-Stellung: All you need to know about the sensual Kamasutra sex position. Cosmopolitan, 12. January 2021.
  68. ^ Pham, Janelle M. (20 June 2016). "The Limits of Heteronormative Sexual Scripting: College Student Development of Individual Sexual Scripts and Descriptions of Lesbian Sexual Behavior". Frontiers in Sociology. 1. doi:10.3389/fsoc.2016.00007.
  69. ^ Rosenfeld, Jo Ann (2009). "Vaginitis". Handbook of Women's Health. pp. 161–166. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511642111.013. ISBN 978-0-511-64211-1.
  70. ^ Cottrell, Barbara Hansen (March 2010). "An Updated Review of Evidence to Discourage Douching". MCN: The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing. 35 (2): 102–107. doi:10.1097/NMC.0b013e3181cae9da. PMID 20215951.
  71. ^ Given, Fred T.; Kenneth Muhlendorf, I.; Browning, Gary M. (August 1993). "Vaginal length and sexual function after colpopexy for complete uterovaginal eversion". American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 169 (2): 284–288. doi:10.1016/0002-9378(93)90077-V. PMID 8362937.
  72. ^ Barnhart, Kurt T.; Izquierdo, Adriana; Pretorius, E. Scott; Shera, David M.; Shabbout, Mayadah; Shaunik, Alka (June 2006). "Baseline dimensions of the human vagina". Human Reproduction. 21 (6): 1618–1622. doi:10.1093/humrep/del022. PMID 16478763.
  73. ^ Cleveland Clinic: Sexual Health: Female Pain During Sex (Dyspareunia). In: clevelandclinic.org. 11. Juni 2018.
  74. ^ McLean, Iain; Roberts, Stephen A.; White, Cath; Paul, Sheila (January 2011). "Female genital injuries resulting from consensual and non-consensual vaginal intercourse". Forensic Science International. 204 (1–3): 27–33. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.04.049. PMID 20570068.
  75. ^ Eke, N (5 November 2002). "Fracture of the penis". British Journal of Surgery. 89 (5): 555–565. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2168.2002.02075.x. PMID 11972544.
  76. ^ Amer, Tarik; Wilson, Rebekah; Chlosta, Piotr; AlBuheissi, Salah; Qazi, Hasan; Fraser, Michael; Aboumarzouk, Omar M. (2016). "Penile Fracture: A Meta-Analysis". Urologia Internationalis. 96 (3): 315–329. doi:10.1159/000444884. PMID 26953932.
  77. ^ Buyukkaya, R.; Buyukkaya, A; Ozturk, B; Kayıkçı, A; Yazgan, Ö (March 2014). "Role of ultrasonography with color-Doppler in the emergency diagnosis of acute penile fracture: a case report". Medical Ultrasonography. 16 (1): 67–69. doi:10.11152/mu.2014.2066.161.rb1ab2. PMID 24567928.
  78. ^ Barros, R; Schulze, L; Ornellas, A A; Koifman, L; Favorito, L A (September 2017). "Relationship between sexual position and severity of penile fracture". International Journal of Impotence Research. 29 (5): 207–209. doi:10.1038/ijir.2017.24. PMID 28659630.
  79. ^ Barros, Rodrigo; Hampl, Daniel; Cavalcanti, Andre Guilherme; Favorito, Luciano A.; Koifman, Leandro (June 2020). "Lessons learned after 20 years' experience with penile fracture". International Braz J Urol. 46 (3): 409–416. doi:10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2019.0367. PMC 7088490. PMID 32167705.
  80. ^ Dorstewitz, Annika (2014). Penisfraktur - Management und Langzeitergebnisse [Penile fracture - management and long-term results] (Thesis) (in German).[page needed]
  81. ^ Reis, Leonardo O.; Cartapatti, Marcelo; Marmiroli, Rafael; Oliveira Júnior, Eduardo Jeronimo de; Saade, Ricardo Destro; Fregonesi, Adriano (2014). "Mechanisms Predisposing Penile Fracture and Long-Term Outcomes on Erectile and Voiding Functions". Advances in Urology. 2014: 1–4. doi:10.1155/2014/768158. PMC 4005103. PMID 24822062.
  82. ^ Barros, R; Schulze, L; Ornellas, A A; Koifman, L; Favorito, L A (September 2017). "Relationship between sexual position and severity of penile fracture". International Journal of Impotence Research. 29 (5): 207–209. doi:10.1038/ijir.2017.24. PMID 28659630.
  83. ^ Zeiss, Antonette M.; Rosen, Gerald M.; Zeiss, Robert A. (1978). "Orgasm during Intercourse: A Treatment Strategy for Women". Handbook of Sex Therapy. Perspectives in Sexuality. pp. 219–225. doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-3973-1_16. ISBN 978-1-4613-3975-5.
  84. ^ Hensel, Devon J.; von Hippel, Christiana D.; Lapage, Charles C.; Perkins, Robert H. (2021). "Women's techniques for making vaginal penetration more pleasurable: Results from a nationally representative study of adult women in the United States". PLOS ONE. 16 (4): e0249242. Bibcode:2021PLoSO..1649242H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0249242. PMC 8046227. PMID 33852604.
  85. ^ Mazokopakis, Elias E. (April 2020). "Sexual Activity during Menstruation in The Holy Bible and Quran". International Journal of Fertility and Sterility. 14 (1): 78. doi:10.22074/ijfs.2020.6060. PMC 7139224. PMID 32112642.
  86. ^ Dixson, Alan F. (2009). Sexual Selection and the Origins of Human Mating Systems. Oxford University Press. p. 83. ISBN 978-0-19-955943-5.
  87. ^ Encyclopedia.com: Penetration. 30 March 2023.
  88. ^ Only the clitoris brings fun. In Psychology Today., 18 February 2002, at Internet Archive.
  89. ^ Havlicek, Jan; Saxton, Tamsin K.; Roberts, S. Craig; Jozifkova, Eva; Lhota, Stanislav; Valentova, Jaroslava; Flegr, Jaroslav (October 2008). "He sees, she smells? Male and female reports of sensory reliance in mate choice and non-mate choice contexts". Personality and Individual Differences. 45 (6): 565–570. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2008.06.019.
  90. ^ Cleveland Clinic: Sexual Health: Female Pain During Sex (Dyspareunia). In: clevelandclinic.org as of 11 June 2018.
  91. ^ Bahouq, H.; Allali, F.; Rkain, H.; Hajjaj-Hassouni, N. (October 2013). "Discussing sexual concerns with chronic low back pain patients: barriers and patients' expectations". Clinical Rheumatology. 32 (10): 1487–1492. doi:10.1007/s10067-013-2299-y. PMID 23743660.
  92. ^ Sidorkewicz, Natalie; McGill, Stuart M. (September 2014). "Male Spine Motion During Coitus: Implications for the Low Back Pain Patient". Spine. 39 (20): 1633–1639. doi:10.1097/BRS.0000000000000518. PMC 4381984. PMID 25208042.

Further reading

edit
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penile-vaginal_intercourse&oldid=1264218317"
  NODES
Association 1
INTERN 10
Note 1