"Sansoen Phra Barami" (Thai: สรรเสริญพระบารมี, pronounced [sǎn.sɤ̌ːn pʰráʔ bāː.rā.mīː]; transl. "Glorify His Prestige") is the current royal anthem of Thailand. It was a de facto national anthem of Siam before 1932.
| English: Glorify His Prestige | |
|---|---|
| สรรเสริญพระบารมี | |
 Sheet music of "Phleng Sansoen Phra Barami" in postcard, early 20th century | |
Royal anthem of Thailand | |
| Lyrics | Narisara Nuwattiwong and King Vajiravudh, 1913 |
| Music | Pyotr Shchurovsky, 1888 |
| Adopted | 1888 (unofficial lyrics) 1913 (official lyrics) |
| Relinquished | 1932 (as National Anthem) |
| Preceded by | "Bulan Loi Luean" |
| Succeeded by | "Phleng Chat Siam" (as National Anthem) |
| Audio sample | |
U.S. Navy Band instrumental version | |
History
edit
The first song to be used as royal anthem and de facto national anthem of Siam/Thailand appeared in the reign of King Mongkut of Rattanakosin Kingdom. In 1851, two former British military officers named Captain Impey and Lieutenant Thomas George Knox served with the Siamese Army. They trained the troops of King Mongkut and the Second King Pinklao with British military tradition. So, they adopted the anthem "God Save the King" as honor music for the king of Siam. Phraya Srisunthonwohan (Noi Āchāryānkura) wrote Thai lyrics for this anthem later and named it as "Chom Rat Chong Charoen", which means "long live the great king".
In 1871, King Chulalongkorn visited Singapore and Batavia (now Jakarta) in the Dutch East Indies; it appeared that Siam used the same anthem with Great Britain, who ruled over Singapore at that time. It was necessary that Siam must have a new unique tune for using as the royal anthem and de facto national anthem. A group of Siamese traditional musicians had selected a Thai song named "Bulan Loi Luean" (The Floating Moon on the Sky) which was the royal composition of King Rama II for use as the new anthem. King Chulalongkorn later ordered Christopher Hewetson,[1] a Dutch bandmaster who served in the Royal Siamese Army, to arrange the song in western style for performing by the military band. According to a research of Sugree Charoensuk, an associate professor from Mahidol University, the melody of this anthem may be the same tune with another anthem named "Sansoen Sua Pa" which had been used as the anthem of the Wild Tiger Corps since 1911.[2]
History about the royal anthem of Siam after 1871 are ambiguous, and evidence is rare to find. An evidence of music composition of the royal anthem of Siam appeared again in 1888 when a sheet music of the Siamese national anthem, arranged by the Russian composer Pyotr Schurovsky, was printed in Russia. The main melody of the song in that sheet music is the same tune of "Sansoen Phra Barami" in present time. According to a research of Sugree Charoensook, Pyotr Shchurovsky was the composer of the music of "Sansoen Phra Barami",[3] to serve as Siam's national anthem.[4] Prince Narisara Nuvadtivong later composed various lyrics of "Sansoen Phra Barami" for using in the Royal Siamese Army, in all Siamese schools and in Siamese traditional music bands. Prince Abhakara Kiartivongse also composed a version of lyrics for used in the Royal Siamese Navy. In 1913, King Vajiravudh decided to relinquish all lyrics of "Sansoen Phra Barami" that mentioned before and revised it to current version only.
"Sansoen Phra Barami" was the de facto national anthem of Siam from 1888 until 1932, when it was replaced by "Phleng Chat Siam". It is still used as the royal anthem of Thailand today.
In 1940, the Thai government under the administration of Prime Minister Plaek Phibunsongkhram issued the 8th Thai cultural mandate, concerning the lyrics of "Sansoen Phra Barami", which were shortened and the word "Siam" replaced with "Thai" (see below). After the end of World War II, these lyrics were quietly abandoned due its unpopularity, and reverted to the version that revised by King Vajiravudh in 1913.
The sound recording of "Sansoen Phra Barami" was recorded for the first time ever on the Edison wax cylinder by Carl Stumpf, an ethnomusicologist from the University of Berlin. In that recording, the anthem was performed by Boosra Mahin Theater Group, a Siamese theater group visiting Berlin in 1900.
Usage of the anthem
editThe royal anthem is performed during state occasions, as well as when a high-ranking member of the royal family is present for a function. In addition, the royal anthem is still played before the beginning of each film in movie theatres, as well as before the commencement of the first act in plays, musicals, concerts, and most other live performances of music or theatre in Thailand. The anthem is also played at the sign-on and closedown of television and radio programming; for example, in 2008, 7HD aired a video with pictures of King Bhumibol Adulyadej from his birth to his 80th birthday in 2007. Radio Thailand (or NBT) also broadcast the sign-off with the anthem at 24:00 every night.
In 2019, the Royal Thai Government Gazette has published the Royal Office Regulation on Performing Honors Music of B.E. 2562. This regulation is detailed about using the royal anthem and other honors music for the king and members of the Thai royal family in several occasions. According to this regulation, The royal anthem "Sansoen Phra Barami" should be performed for the following:[5]
- The King of Thailand
- Queen Sirikit the Queen Mother
- The Queen of Thailand
- Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn, the Princess Royal
- Heirs-apparent to the throne
- Royal remains
- Some Thai Royal Standards when hoisted or shown:-
- Royal Standard of Thailand
- Standard of Queen Sirikit the Queen Mother
- Standard of the Queen of Thailand
- Standard for Senior members of the Royal Family (Standard of the Princess Mother)
- Standard of Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn, the Princess Royal
- Standard of the Crown Prince of Thailand
Lyrics
editThe following are the current lyrics of "Sansoen Phra Barami", which was revised by King Vajiravudh in 1913.
Official lyrics
edit| Thai[6] | Romanisation (RTGS) | IPA transcription[a] | English translation |
|---|---|---|---|
ข้าวรพุทธเจ้า |
Khaworaphutthachao |
[kʰâː.wɔ̄ːrā.pʰút.tʰā.t͡ɕâːw] |
We, servants of His great Majesty, |
Ancient drama lyrics
edit| Thai | Romanisation | IPA transcription[a] | English translation |
|---|---|---|---|
อ้าพระนฤปจง ทรงสิริวัฑฒนา |
Ar phra na rue pa jong |
School lyrics
edit| Thai | Romanisation | IPA transcription[a] | English translation |
|---|---|---|---|
ข้าวรพุทธเจ้า เหล่ายุพยุพดี |
Kha wora phuttha chao |
| Thai | Romanisation | IPA transcription[a] | English translation |
|---|---|---|---|
ข้าวรพุทธเจ้า เหล่าดรุณกุมารา |
Kha wora phuttha chao |
| Thai | Romanisation | IPA transcription[a] | English translation |
|---|---|---|---|
ข้าวรพุทธเจ้า เหล่าดรุณกุมารี |
Kha wora phuttha chao |
Military lyrics
editLyrics used by the Royal Thai Army
edit| Thai | Romanisation | IPA transcription[a] | English translation |
|---|---|---|---|
ข้าวรพุทธเจ้า เหล่าพิริย์พลพลา |
Kha wora phuttha chao |
Lyrics used by the Royal Thai Navy
edit| Thai | Romanisation | IPA transcription[a] | English translation |
|---|---|---|---|
ข้าวรพุทธเจ้า เหล่ายุทธพลนาวา |
Kha wora phuttha chao |
Abridged lyrics during World War II
edit| Thai | Romanisation | IPA transcription[a] | English translation |
|---|---|---|---|
ข้าวรพุทธเจ้า เอามโนและศิระกราน |
Kha wora phuttha chao |
[kʰâ: wɔ:.ráʔ pʰút.tʰáʔ t͡ɕâːw] |
We, servants of His great Majesty, |
Notes
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h See Help:IPA/Thai and Thai language § Phonology.
References
edit- ^ Charoensook, Sugree (2023-08-27). "อาศรมมิวสิก : ฮิวเอตซัน เฮวุดเซน หรือครูยุ่เซน ครูแตรฝรั่งสมัยรัชกาลที่ 4-5". Matichon Online.
- ^ Charoensook, Sugree (2016-11-07). "128 ปี เพลงสรรเสริญพระบารมี : สรรเสริญพระบารมีพระมหากษัตริย์ทุกพระองค์ โดยสุกรี เจริญสุข". Matichon Online. Retrieved 2019-10-12.
- ^ Charoensook, Sugree (2017-07-16). "อาศรม มิวสิก เส้นทางเพลงสรรเสริญพระบารมี โดย:สุกรี เจริญสุข". Matichon Online. Retrieved 2019-10-12.
- ^ Nicholas Grossman; Dominic Faulder, eds. (2011). King Bhumibol Adulyadej – A Life's Work: Thailand's Monarchy in Perspective. Singapore: Editions Didier Millet. p. 359. ISBN 978-981-4260-56-5.
- ^ "ระเบียบส่วนราชการในพระองค์ ว่าด้วยการบรรเลงดุริยางค์ในการพระราชพิธีหรือพิธีการ พ.ศ. ๒๕๖๒" (PDF). Royal Thai Government Gazette (in Thai). 136 (117d): 13. 10 May 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 10, 2019. Retrieved 12 October 2018.
- ^ "สำ นักงานเลขาธิการสภาผู้แทนราษฎร - รัฐสภา" (PDF). The Secretariat of The House of Representatives. 2012. p. 50 (51 in file). Retrieved 2022-03-24.
External links
edit
- nationalanthems.info
- Recordings of Thai honors music from The Thai Government Public Relations Department
- Sign off video of PRD's Television of Thailand (Present NBT Digital 2HD)
- t-h-a-i-l-a-n-d.org - A website dedicated to Thai national culture and the Royal Anthem (Thai language)