Pinus wallichiana is a coniferous evergreen tree native to the Himalaya, Karakoram and Hindu Kush mountains, from eastern Afghanistan east across northern Pakistan and north west India to Yunnan in southwest China. It grows in mountain valleys at altitudes of 1800–4300 m (rarely as low as 1200 m), reaching 30–50 m (98–164 ft) in height. It favours a temperate climate with dry winters and wet summers. In Pashto, it is known as Nishtar.[2]
| Pinus wallichiana | |
|---|---|
| |
| Tree at Tortworth Court arboretum | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Gymnospermae |
| Division: | Pinophyta |
| Class: | Pinopsida |
| Order: | Pinales |
| Family: | Pinaceae |
| Genus: | Pinus |
| Subgenus: | P. subg. Strobus |
| Section: | P. sect. Quinquefoliae |
| Subsection: | P. subsect. Strobus |
| Species: | P. wallichiana
|
| Binomial name | |
| Pinus wallichiana | |
| Synonyms | |
|
Pinus griffithii McClelland | |
This tree is often known as Bhutan pine,[3] (not to be confused with the recently described Bhutan white pine, Pinus bhutanica, a closely related species). Other names include blue pine,[3] Himalayan pine[3] and Himalayan white pine.[3]
Description
editThe leaves ("needles") are in fascicles (bundles) of five and are 12–18 cm long. They are noted for being flexible along their length, and often droop gracefully. The cones are long and slender, 16–32 cm, yellow-buff when mature, with thin scales; the seeds are 5–6 mm long with a 20–30 mm wing.
Typical habitats are mountain screes and glacier forelands, but it will also form old-growth forests as the primary species or in mixed forests with deodar, birch, spruce, and fir. In some places it reaches the tree line.[citation needed]
P. wallichiana is the primary host for Himalayan dwarf mistletoe.[4]
Uses
editThe wood is moderately hard, durable and highly resinous. It is a good firewood but gives off a pungent resinous smoke. It is a commercial source of turpentine which is superior quality than that of P. roxburghii but is not produced so freely.
The tree became available through the European nursery trade in 1836, nine years after the Danish botanist Nathaniel Wallich first introduced seeds to England. It is a popular tree for planting in parks and large gardens, grown for its attractive foliage and large, decorative cones. It is also valued for its relatively high resistance to air pollution, tolerating this better than some other conifers.
This plant[5] and its slow-growing cultivar 'Nana'[6] have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[7]
Gallery
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Foliage -
Branch with needles, Paro, Bhutan -
Cones, at VanDusen Botanical Garden -
P. wallichiana branch infected with Himalayan dwarf mistletoe -
Sapling
References
edit- ^ Farjon, A. (2013). "Pinus wallichiana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013: e.T42427A2979371. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42427A2979371.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
- ^ "نښتر - Wiktionary". en.wiktionary.org. Retrieved 2018-03-29.
- ^ a b c d "Pinus wallichiana A. B. Jacks". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 23 April 2014.
- ^ Hawksworth, Frank G.; Wiens, Delbert (April 1998). Dwarf Mistletoes. DIANE Publishing. pp. 264–265. ISBN 978-0-7881-4201-7. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
- ^ "Pinus wallichiana AGM". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Pinus wallichiana 'Nana'". Retrieved 25 April 2018.
- ^ "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 78. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
External links
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