Polessk (Russian: Полесск; German: Labiau; Lithuanian: Labguva; Polish: Labiawa) is a town and the administrative center of Polessky District in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located 49 kilometers (30 mi) northeast of Kaliningrad, the administrative center of the oblast, at the junction of a main road and a railroad at the Deyma River, shortly before it enters the Curonian Lagoon. Population figures: 7,581 (2010 Census);[3] 7,681 (2002 Census);[7] 6,859 (1989 Soviet census);[8] 4,744 (1885).
Polessk
Полесск | |
|---|---|
 | |
 Coat of arms | |
Location of Polessk  | |
  Polessk Location of Polessk  Polessk Polessk (European Russia)  Polessk Polessk (Europe) | |
| Coordinates: 54°52′N 21°06′E / 54.867°N 21.100°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Kaliningrad Oblast[1] |
| Administrative district | Polessky District[1] |
| Town of district significance | Polessk[1] |
| Founded | 13th century[2] |
| Elevation | 3 m (10 ft) |
| Population | |
• Total | 7,581 |
| • Capital of | Polessky District,[1] town of district significance of Polessk[1] |
| • Municipal district | Polessky Municipal District[4] |
| • Urban settlement | Polesskoye Urban Settlement[4] |
| • Capital of | Polessky Municipal District,[4] Polesskoye Urban Settlement[4] |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (MSK–1  [5]) |
| Postal code(s)[6] | 238630 |
| OKTMO ID | 27718000001 |
Geography
editThe Polessk Canal begins in the town.
History
edit
It was founded in the 13th century,[2] by the Teutonic Order who erected a castle there and named it Labiau. Initially it was part of the State of the Teutonic Order. In 1454, King Casimir IV Jagiellon incorporated the region to the Kingdom of Poland upon the request of the anti-Teutonic Prussian Confederation.[9] After the subsequent Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466) the settlement became a part of Poland as a fief held by the Teutonic Knights[10] until 1525 and by Ducal Prussia afterwards. In this town, on November 20, 1656, was signed the Treaty of Labiau. From the 18th century, it was part of the Kingdom of Prussia, and from 1871 it was also part of Germany, within which it was administratively located in the province of East Prussia. Labiau was a district seat in the administrative region of Königsberg. In 1885, Labiau had 4,744 inhabitants, almost all of whom were Lutherans.
Labiau was overrun by the Soviet Red Army in 1945 near the end of World War II. After Germany's defeat in the war in 1945, the town was transferred to Soviet Russia and the following year it was renamed Polessk.[2] The German inhabitants were partly evacuated via the coast, or were subsequently expelled in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement and replaced with Soviet citizens.
The former Polessk (air base) is nearby.[11]
Administrative and municipal status
editWithin the framework of administrative divisions, Polessk serves as the administrative center of Polessky District.[1] As an administrative division, it is, together with two rural localities, incorporated within Polessky District as the town of district significance of Polessk.[1] As a municipal division, the town of district significance of Polessk is incorporated within Polessky Municipal District as Polesskoye Urban Settlement.[4]
Notable people
edit- Otto Brakat (1916–1978) Wehrmacht soldier
- Hans von Lehwaldt (1685-1768), Prussian field marshal
References
edit
- ^ a b c d e f g h Resolution #640
- ^ a b c d Энциклопедия Города России. Moscow: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. 2003. p. 359. ISBN 5-7107-7399-9.
- ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ a b c d e Law #260
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
- ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
- ^ Górski, Karol (1949). Związek Pruski i poddanie się Prus Polsce: zbiór tekstów źródłowych (in Polish). Poznań: Instytut Zachodni. p. 54.
- ^ Górski, pp. 96–97, 214–215
- ^ "60th Fighter Aviation Division PVO". Soviet Armed Forces 1945-1991. Retrieved January 8, 2023.
Sources
edit- Правительство Калининградской области. Постановление №640 от 30 августа 2011 г. «Об утверждении реестра объектов административно-территориального деления Калининградской области», в ред. Постановления №877 от 21 ноября 2011 г «О внесении изменения в Постановление Правительства Калининградской области от 30 августа 2011 г. №640». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Калининградская правда" (вкладыш "Официально"), №170, 15 сентября 2011 г. (Government of Kaliningrad Oblast. Resolution #640 of August 30, 2011 On the Adoption of the Registry of the Objects of the Administrative-Territorial Divisions of Kaliningrad Oblast, as amended by the Resolution #877 of November 21, 2011 On Amending the Resolution of the Government of Kaliningrad Oblast #640 of August 30, 2011. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
- Калининградская областная Дума. Закон №260 от 30 июня 2008 г. «Об организации местного самоуправления на территории муниципального образования "Полесский городской округ"», в ред. Закона №370 от 1 июля 2009 г «О составе территорий муниципальных образований Калининградской области». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Калининградская правда", №124, 11 июля 2008 г. (Kaliningrad Oblast Duma. Law #260 of June 30, 2008 On the Organization of the Local Self-Government on the Territory of the Municipal Formation of "Polessky Urban Okrug", as amended by the Law #370 of July 1, 2009 On the Composition of the Territories of the Municipal Formations of Kaliningrad Oblast. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).