Ponter's Ball Dyke is a linear earthwork located near Glastonbury in Somerset, England.[2][3] It crosses, at right angles, an ancient road that continues on to the former island of dry land in the Somerset levels surrounding Glastonbury Tor.[4] It consists of an embankment with a ditch on the east side.[1] It is built across the ridge of land between Glastonbury and West Pennard.[1] Both ends of the ditch and dyke disappear into moorland, formerly swamps.[5]
| Ponter's Ball Dyke | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Location | near Glastonbury, Somerset, England |
| Coordinates | 51°08′17″N 2°40′06″W / 51.138032°N 2.668244°W |
| Reference no. | Somerset 23564[1] |
  Location of Ponter's Ball Dyke in Somerset | |
The current visible remains extend to just over 1 kilometre. It is bisected by the A361 and crossed by three public footpaths.[6] The gap where the road runs through the dyke is staggered, suggesting that the gap is original.[1]
History
editIt was excavated in 1909 by Arthur Bulleid,[7] and again in 1970 by Peter Poyntz Wright and the Glastonbury Antiquarian Society.[8] Bulleid's excavation just north of the road revealed that the bank was 9 feet high and made of layers of yellow and grey clay, while the ditch was 12 feet deep in hard blue marl. Neither excavation found significant objects with the exception of fragmentary pottery of prehistoric and medieval origin.
Interpretation of the site is not clear. It is possible that it was part of a longer defensive barrier associated with New Ditch three miles to the south-west which is built in a similar manner. It has been suggested that it is part of a great Celtic sanctuary, probably 3rd century B.C., while others date it to the post-Roman period and connect it with the Dark Age occupation on Glastonbury Tor. David Cooper posits that it was the site of the Battle of Posentesbyrg, fought in AD 661 between Cenwalh of Wessex and Wulfhere of Mercia.[9] The 1970 excavation suggests the 12th century or later.[5]
Using LiDAR data of the area to simulate rising sea levels suggests the ditch once ran into marshy land (likely prior to the effective digging of drainage channels). This goes some way to explaining its limited extent. It is also claimed that Ponter’s Ball delineates the long single horn on the head of the Capricorn effigy in the Temple of the Stars, an alleged ancient temple thought to be situated around Glastonbury.[10]
Nomenclature
editThe name Ponter's Ball is said to be derived from "pontis vallum", Latin meaning "the bridge over the ditch."[11] In the early 19th century it was called Ponting's Ball and by 1876 Fronter's Ball. An alternative of Portarius after a family who owned land at Havyatt.[12]
References
edit- ^ a b c d "Ponters Ball (linear earthwork), Havyatt". Somerset Historic Environment Record. Somerset County Council. Retrieved 12 April 2011.
- ^ Allcroft, Arthur Hadrian (1908). Earthwork of England: Prehistoric, Roman, Saxon, Danish, Norman and Mediæval. Nabu Press. p. 496. ISBN 978-1-178-13643-2. Retrieved 12 April 2011.
Ponter's Ball Dyke.
- ^ Morgan, Vicky (10 December 2002). "Ponter's Ball Dyke". Ancient Village or Settlement in England in Somerset. Megalithic Portal. Retrieved 12 April 2011.
- ^ Allcroft, Arthur Hadrian (1908). Earthwork of England: Prehistoric, Roman, Saxon, Danish, Norman and Mediæval. Nabu Press. pp. 69–70. ISBN 978-1-178-13643-2. Retrieved 12 April 2011.
Ponter's Ball Dyke.
- ^ a b "PONTERS BALL". PastScape. English Heritage. Retrieved 12 April 2011.
- ^ Cheddar Gorge & Mendip Hills West, Explorer Map 141, 1:25 000 scale. Ordnance Survey. 1998. ISBN 0-319-21819-8.
- ^ "Excavation (1909), Ponters Ball, Havyatt". Somerset Historic Environment Record. Somerset County Council. Retrieved 12 April 2011.
- ^ "Excavation (1970), Ponters Ball, Havyatt, Glastonbury". Somerset Historic Environment Record. Somerset County Council. Retrieved 12 April 2011.
- ^ Cooper, David: Badon and the Early Wars for Wessex, circa 500 to 710 (2018: Pen & Sword Books) pp. 209-217.
- ^ West, Morgana. "Ponter's Ball". Glastonbury Pilgrim Reception Centre. Archived from the original on 22 December 2010. Retrieved 12 April 2011.
- ^ Mann, Nicholas R. (2001). The Isle of Avalon: Sacred Mysteries of Arthur and Glastonbury. Green Magic. pp. 16–17. ISBN 978-0953663132.
- ^ Rahtz, Phillip; Watts, Lorna (2003). Glastonbury Myth and archaeology. Stroud: Tempus. pp. 28–31. ISBN 978-0752425481.