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A presentation conveys information from a speaker to an audience. Presentations are typically demonstrations, introduction, lecture, or speech meant to inform, persuade, inspire, motivate, build goodwill, or present a new idea/product.[1] Presentations usually require preparation, organization, event planning, writing, use of visual aids, dealing with stress, and answering questions.[2] “The key elements of a presentation consists of presenter, audience, message, reaction and method to deliver speech for organizational success in an effective manner.”[3] Presentations are widely used in tertiary work settings such as accountants giving a detailed report of a company's financials or an entrepreneur pitching their venture idea to investors.[4][5] The term can also be used for a formal or ritualized introduction or offering, as with the presentation of a debutante.[6] Presentations in certain formats are also known as keynote[7] address. Interactive presentations, in which the audience is involved, are also represented more and more frequently. Instead of a monologue, this creates a dialogue between the speaker and the audience. The advantages of an interactive presentation is for example, that it attracts more attention from the audience and that the interaction creates a sense of community.[8]
Visual elements
editA presentation program is commonly used to generate the presentation content, some of which also allow presentations to be developed collaboratively, e.g. using the Internet by geographically disparate collaborators. Presentation viewers can be used to combine content from different sources into one presentation. Some of the popular presentation products used across the globe are offered by Apple, Google and Microsoft.
Microsoft PowerPoint and Google Slides are effective tools to develop slides, both Google Slides and Microsoft PowerPoint allows groups to work together online to update each account as it is edited. Content such as text, images, links, and effects are added into each of the presentation programs to deliver useful, consolidated information to a group. Visual elements add to the effectiveness of a presentation and help emphasize the key points being made through the use of type, color, images/videos, graphs, layout, and transitions.
Legibility
editOne common means to help one convey information and the audience stay on track is through the incorporation of text in a legible font size and type.[9] According to the article "Prepare and Deliver an Effective Presentation",[10] effective presentations typically use serif fonts (e.g. Times New Roman, Garamond, Baskerville, etc.) for the smaller text and sans serif fonts (e.g. Helvetica, Futura, Arial, etc.) for headings and larger text. The typefaces are used along with type size to improve readability for the audience. A combination of these typefaces can also be used to create emphasis. The majority of the fonts within a presentation are kept simple to aid in readability. Font styles, like bold, italic, and underline, are used to highlight important points.
It is possible to emphasize text and still maintain its readability by using contrasting colors. For example, black words on a white background emphasize the text being displayed but still helps maintain its readability.[11] Text that contrasts with the background of a slide also enhances visibility. Readability and visibility enhance a presentation experience, which contributes to the effectiveness of it.[citation needed] Certain colors are also associated with specific emotions and the proper application of these colors adds to the effectiveness of a presentation through the creation of an immersive experience for an audience.
Images/videos
editLarge images relevant to the presentation attract an audience’s attention which in turn can clarify the topics within the presentation. Using pictures sparingly helps support other presentation elements (e.g. text). Short videos are used to help the presenter reinforce their message to the audience. With the additional reinforcement that images and videos offer, the effectiveness of a presentation may be improved.[citation needed]
Assessing presentations
editThere lacks a comprehensive list of criteria common among research studies or educational institutions in a typical presentation rubric used to assess presentations.[12] Nevertheless, De Grez et al., in consultation with experienced higher education teachers, developed a rubric composed of nine evaluative criteria, of which five dealt with one’s manner of delivery (interaction with audience, enthusiasm, eye contact, vocal delivery, and body language), three were content related (structure, quality of introduction, and conclusion), and one evaluated general professionalism.[13]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "presentation | Definition of presentation in English by Oxford Dictionaries". Oxford Dictionaries | English. Archived from the original on September 26, 2016. Retrieved 2018-01-23.
- ^ Swathi, T.V.S.S (June 2015). "The importance of effective presentation for organizational success". IUP Journal of Soft Skills. 9 (2). SSRN 2686971. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
- ^ Swathi, T.V.S.S (June 2015). "The importance of effective presentation for organizational success". IUP Journal of Soft Skills. 9 (2). SSRN 2686971. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
- ^ Chandren, Sitraselvi (2016-08-22). "Action Research on Enhancing Accounting Students' Oral Presentation Skill". European Proceedings of Social & Behavioural Sciences. Cognitive-crcs: 189–197. doi:10.15405/epsbs.2016.08.28.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Clark, Colin (July 2008). "The impact of entrepreneurs' oral 'pitch' presentation skills on business angels' initial screening investment decisions". Venture Capital. 10 (3): 257–279. doi:10.1080/13691060802151945. ISSN 1369-1066. S2CID 154616120.
- ^ Baden Eunson: Writing and Presenting Reports. (The communication skills series), John Wiley & Sons, Australia 1998, ISBN 978-0-4713-3563-4.
- ^ "keynote | Definition of keynote in English by Oxford Dictionaries". Oxford Dictionaries | English. Archived from the original on October 2, 2016. Retrieved 2018-01-23.
- ^ "Interactive Presentations". 2020-07-24. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
- ^ Don Baker, Joy. Presentation Skills: A Necessity for Perioperative Nurses. Elsevier Science for the Association of Perioperative Registered Nurses. OCLC 1051842838.
- ^ Thawani, Rajat; Ravishankar, Arjun; Shad, Rohan (2013-12-20). "Prepare and deliver an effective presentation". BMJ. 347: f7372. doi:10.1136/sbmj.f7372. ISSN 1756-1833. S2CID 164324474.
- ^ "Applying Color Theory to Digital Displays :: UXmatters". www.uxmatters.com. Retrieved 2022-02-17.
- ^ Tsang, Art (March 2020). "Enhancing Learners' Awareness of Oral Presentation (Delivery) Skills in the Context of Self-Regulated Learning". Active Learning in Higher Education. 21: 39–50. doi:10.1177/1469787417731214. S2CID 149041859.
- ^ De Grez, Luc; Valcke, Martin; Roozen, Irene (2012-06-28). "How effective are self- and peer assessment of oral presentation skills compared with teachers' assessments?". Active Learning in Higher Education. 13 (2): 129–142. doi:10.1177/1469787412441284. ISSN 1469-7874. S2CID 145746375.
External links
edit- Definition of presentations
- Content (types, audience, visual)
- Daria Price Bowman. (1998). Presentations. Madison WI: F+W Publications Inc.