The Priabonian is, in the ICS's geologic timescale, the latest age or the upper stage of the Eocene Epoch or Series. It spans the time between 37.71 and 33.9 Ma. The Priabonian is preceded by the Bartonian and is followed by the Rupelian, the lowest stage of the Oligocene.[5]
| Priabonian | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chronology | |||||||||||||
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| Etymology | |||||||||||||
| Name formality | Formal | ||||||||||||
| Usage information | |||||||||||||
| Celestial body | Earth | ||||||||||||
| Regional usage | Global (ICS) | ||||||||||||
| Time scale(s) used | ICS Time Scale | ||||||||||||
| Definition | |||||||||||||
| Chronological unit | Age | ||||||||||||
| Stratigraphic unit | Stage | ||||||||||||
| Time span formality | Formal | ||||||||||||
| Lower boundary definition | LAD of the large acarininids and the Foraminiferan Morozovelloides crassatus | ||||||||||||
| Lower boundary GSSP | Alano section, Piave river, Venetian Prealps, Belluno, Italy 45°54′51″N 11°55′05″E / 45.9141°N 11.9180°E | ||||||||||||
| Lower GSSP ratified | February 2020[3] | ||||||||||||
| Upper boundary definition | LAD of Planktonic Foraminifers Hantkenina and Cribrohantkenina | ||||||||||||
| Upper boundary GSSP | Massignano quarry section, Massignano, Ancona, Italy 43°31′58″N 13°36′04″E / 43.5328°N 13.6011°E | ||||||||||||
| Upper GSSP ratified | 1992[4] | ||||||||||||
Priabona, an extinct dipteran of Pipunculidae family, is named after Priabonian, the age of deposits from which this insect is known.[6]
History and naming
editThe Priabonian Stage was introduced in scientific literature by Ernest Munier-Chalmas and Albert de Lapparent in 1893. The stage is named after the small hamlet of Priabona in the community of Monte di Malo, in the Veneto region of northern Italy.[3]
Stratigraphic definition
editThe base of the Priabonian Stage is at the first appearance of calcareous nannoplankton species Chiasmolithus oamaruensis (which forms the base of nanoplankton biozone NP18). An official GSSP was ratified in 2020, and was placed in the Alano di Piave section in Alano di Piave, Belluno, Italy.[3]
The top of the Priabonian Stage (the base of the Rupelian Stage and Oligocene Series) is at the extinction of foram genus Hantkenina.[7]
Sometimes local rock strata cannot be correlated in sufficient detail with the ICS timescale, and stratigraphers often use regional timescales as alternatives to the ICS timescale. The Priabonian overlaps for example the upper Johannian and lowers Aldingan stages of the Australian timescale or the upper Nanzian and lower Refugian stages of the Californian timescale. Other regional stages which are more or less coeval with the Priabonian include the Jacksonian of the southeastern US and Runangan of New Zealand.
In biostratigraphy, the Priabonian Stage is coeval with the Chadronian North American Land Mammal Age, the Headonian European Land Mammal Mega Zone (in more detail: with the Mammal Paleogene zones 17A through 20[8]), parts of the Barrancan and Mustersan South American Land Mammal Ages and the Ulangochuian and Ergilian Asian Land Mammal Ages.
References
edit- ^ Zachos, J. C.; Kump, L. R. (2005). "Carbon cycle feedbacks and the initiation of Antarctic glaciation in the earliest Oligocene". Global and Planetary Change. 47 (1): 51–66. Bibcode:2005GPC....47...51Z. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2005.01.001.
- ^ "International Chronostratigraphic Chart" (PDF). International Commission on Stratigraphy.
- ^ a b c Agnini, Claudia; Backman, Jan; Boscolo-Galazzo, Flavia; Condon, Daniel; Fornaciari, Eliana; Galeotti, Simone; Giusberti, Luca; Grandesso, Paolo; Lanci, Luca; Luciani, Valeria; Monechi, Simonetta; Muttoni, Giovanni; Pälike, Heiko; Pampaloni, Maria; Papazzoni, Cesare; Pearson, Paul; Pignatti, Johannes; Silva, Isabella; Raffi, Isabella; Rio, Domenico; Rook, Lorenzo; Sahy, Diana; Spofforth, David; Stefani, Cristina; Wade, Bridget (12 August 2020). "Proposal for the Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the Priabonian Stage (Eocene) at the Alano section (Italy)". Episodes. 44 (2): 151–173. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2020/020074. hdl:2158/1209925.
- ^ Silva, Isabella; Jenkins, D. (September 1993). "Decision on the Eocene-Oligocene boundary stratotype" (PDF). Episodes. 16 (3): 379–382. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1993/v16i3/002. Retrieved 13 December 2020.
- ^ International Commission on Stratigraphy 2017
- ^ Archibald, SB; Kehlmaier, C; Mathewes, RW (2014). "Early Eocene big headed flies (Diptera: Pipunculidae) from the Okanagan Highlands, western North America". The Canadian Entomologist. 146 (4): 429–443. doi:10.4039/tce.2013.79.
- ^ "GSSP Table - Cenozoic Era". Archived from the original on 2023-01-24.
- ^ Alroy, John. "Mammal Paleogene zones". p. The Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 15 July 2009.
Literature
edit
- Gradstein, F.M.; Ogg, J.G. & Smith, A.G.; 2004: A Geologic Time Scale 2004, Cambridge University Press.
- Munier-Chalmas, E. & de Lapparent, A.; 1893: Note sur la nomenclature des terrains sédimentaires, Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 3(21), p. 479-480. (in French)
External links
edit- GeoWhen Database - Priabonian
- Paleogene timescale, at the website of the subcommission for stratigraphic information of the ICS
- Stratigraphic chart of the Paleogene, at the website of Norges Network of offshore records of geology and stratigraphy
- "Base of the Priabonian Stage at Alano, Italy". timescalefoundation.org. Archived from the original on 2024-03-01.
- "GSSP Table - Cenozoic Era". Archived from the original on 2023-01-24.
- "Priabonian". Subcommission on Ordovician Stratigraphy. Archived from the original on 2023-11-15.