Pulse was a gay bar, dance club, and nightclub in Orlando, Florida, founded in 2004 by Barbara Poma and Ron Legler. On June 12, 2016, the club was the scene of the second-worst mass shooting by a single gunman in U.S. history, and the deadliest terrorist attack on U.S. soil since the September 11 attacks. Forty-nine people were killed and 58 other people were injured.
 | |
 Exterior in 2019 | |
 | |
| Full name | Pulse Orlando |
|---|---|
| Address | 1912 South Orange Avenue |
| Location | Orlando, Florida, U.S. |
| Owner |
|
| Opened | July 2, 2004 |
| Closed | June 12, 2016 |
| Website | |
| Pulse Orlando Website memorial at the Wayback Machine (archived January 9, 2024) | |
Description
edit
Pulse hosted themed performances each night and had a monthly program featuring educational events geared towards the LGBT community.[1] According to Orlando Weekly, Pulse featured "three glitzy, throbbing rooms of club boys, twinks and twinks at heart. Every night has something different in store, but Pulse is known to have some pretty impressive drag shows, and the bar's dancers are usually gorgeous."[2] Because of the three areas, Lonely Planet Discover Florida deemed it "three nightclubs,"[3] while their Florida volume focused on it being "ultramodern."[4]
Top 10 Orlando called it a "firm favorite for the Orlando gay crowd,"[5] The Rough Guide to Florida deemed it "justifiably popular," citing its "great lighting and sound plus cabaret performers, drag acts, and erotic dancers."[6] Pulse was the only gay club mentioned in The Rough Guide to the USA for Orlando.[7] According to listings, the entire premises, including the washrooms, were accessible.[8] Using "periodic consumer surveys," Zagat rated Pulse 25/30 for atmosphere, 25/30 decor, and 22/30 service.[9]
History
editIn 1985—prior to Pulse's founding—the property located at 1912 South Orange Avenue was home to a pizza restaurant named Lorenzo's.[10] By 1999, it was called Dante's, a bar with live music.[11] Dante's closed in January 2003.[12]
Founded by Barbara Poma and Ron Legler, Pulse opened on July 2, 2004.[13][1][14] Poma's brother, John, died in 1991 from AIDS, and the club is "named for John's pulse to live on," according to a marketing staff member in February 2016.[15][16] The venue had a focus on local talent.[16] Poma ensured that her brother's memory was prominent on the website, and that the facility was more than "just another gay club."[15] Legler, who was president of the Florida Theatrical Association when Pulse was founded, also founded two nightclubs in Lake Eola Park in 2010, before moving to Baltimore in 2014.[17] The Washington Post described the club's first 12 years as "a community hub for HIV prevention, breast-cancer awareness and immigrant rights," and reported it had partnered with educational and advocacy groups such as Come Out with Pride, Equality Florida, and the Zebra Coalition.[15]
June 2016 massacre
edit
On June 12, 2016, a 29-year-old Muslim extremist named Omar Mateen, killed 49 people and wounded 58 others in a mass shooting. Mateen affirmed he was acting on behalf of the terrorist group IS, and swore allegiance to the group's leader, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi.[18][19] On the day of the shooting, IS had also released a statement via Amaq News Agency, taking responsibility for the attack.[20] The attack was the deadliest single gunman mass shooting in United States history until the 2017 Las Vegas shooting,[21][22][23][24][25] the deadliest incident of violence against LGBT people in U.S. history, surpassing the UpStairs Lounge arson attack of 1973,[26] and the deadliest terrorist attack on U.S. soil since the September 11 attacks of 2001.[27][28][29]
In November 2016, the city of Orlando agreed to buy the nightclub for $2.25 million. Mayor Buddy Dyer expressed plans to convert the nightclub into a memorial to honor the memory of the victims.[30]
Barbara Poma, the owner, refused to sell the nightclub to the city in December 2016.[31] Instead she announced in May 2017 the creation of the onePULSE Foundation to independently fund a Pulse Memorial and Museum planned to open in 2022.[32]
On October 19, 2023, the city of Orlando announced they had purchased the Pulse nightclub and would demolish the existing structure and build a permanent memorial on the former site. As of December 2023, the nightclub remains standing.[33]
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ a b Hjelmgaard, Kim (June 12, 2016). "Scene of mass shooting more than 'just another gay club'". USA Today. Gannett Company. ISSN 0734-7456. Archived from the original on June 13, 2016. Retrieved June 12, 2016.
- ^ "Orlando gay bars". Orlando Weekly. Euclid Media Group. Archived from the original on January 15, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2016.
- ^ Adam Karlin; Jeff Campbell; Jennifer Rasin Denniston; Emily Matchar (June 1, 2012). Lonely Planet Discover Florida. Lonely Planet. p. 154. ISBN 978-1-74321-015-4.
- ^ Adam Karlin; Jennifer Rasin Denniston; Paula Hardy; Benedict Walker (December 1, 2014). Lonely Planet Florida. Lonely Planet Publications. p. 615. ISBN 978-1-74360-250-8. Archived from the original on June 4, 2022. Retrieved October 19, 2016.
- ^ Cynthia Tunstall; Jim Tunstall (August 1, 2012). Top 10 Orlando. DK Publishing. p. 79. ISBN 978-0-7566-9461-6. Archived from the original on June 4, 2022. Retrieved October 19, 2016.
- ^ Rough Guides (August 3, 2009). The Rough Guide to Florida (8th ed.). Penguin Group. p. 319. ISBN 978-1-4053-8013-3. Archived from the original on June 4, 2022. Retrieved June 13, 2016.
- ^ Samantha Cook (March 1, 2011). The Rough Guide to the USA. Rough Guides. p. 1082. ISBN 978-1-4053-8954-9. Archived from the original on June 4, 2022. Retrieved October 19, 2016.
- ^ Frances Green (April 1, 2012). Gayellow Pages USA No. 34 2012-2013. Renaissance House. p. 276. ISBN 978-1-885404-28-2. Archived from the original on June 4, 2022. Retrieved October 19, 2016.
- ^ "PULSE - Zagat Review". Archived from the original on June 11, 2022. Retrieved June 13, 2016.
- ^ Sherman, Chris. "What's Cooking in Pizza Circles ". The Orlando Sentinel. July 19, 1985.
- ^ Joseph, Scott. "A Fortuitous Fusion ". The Orlando Sentinel. February 26, 1999.
- ^ Gray, Tyler. "Caught in Headlightz: Bar Changes Act ". The Orlando Sentinel. January 17, 2003.
- ^ Matthews, Mark K. "Pulse's Space a New Odyssey for Chic ". The Orlando Sentinel. July 9, 2004.
- ^ West, James (June 12, 2016). "Orlando's Pulse Nightclub Was Founded by a Woman Whose Brother Died from AIDS". Mother Jones. Foundation for National Progress. ISSN 0362-8841. Archived from the original on June 13, 2016. Retrieved June 12, 2016.
- ^ a b c "Orlando's club Pulse owes its name and spirit to 'loving brother' who died from AIDS". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 25, 2020. Retrieved June 13, 2016.
- ^ a b "The Pulse of Orlando". Next. February 3, 2013. Archived from the original on June 17, 2016. Retrieved June 12, 2016.
- ^ Sentinel, Orlando (February 19, 2014). "Ron Legler, 'champion' of downtown and the arts, leaving Orlando". Archived from the original on May 9, 2020. Retrieved June 13, 2016.
- ^ Fais, Scott (June 15, 2016). "Mateen to News 13 producer: 'I'm the shooter. It's me.'". News 13. Archived from the original on June 16, 2016. Retrieved November 23, 2022.
- ^ Miller, Michael E. (June 15, 2016). "'I'm the shooter. It's me': Gunman called local TV station during attack, station says". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on June 15, 2016. Retrieved November 23, 2022.
- ^ "READ: Official ISIS Statement on Orlando Terror Attack by Amaq News Agency". Heavy. June 12, 2016. Archived from the original on June 13, 2016. Retrieved March 24, 2024.
- ^ "Fifty dead in Orlando gay nightclub shooting, worst mass killing in modern U.S. history; gunman reportedly pledged allegiance to Islamic State". Los Angeles Times. June 12, 2016. Archived from the original on June 12, 2016. Retrieved June 12, 2016.
- ^ Lyons, Kate (June 12, 2016). "Orlando Pulse club attack: gunman behind shooting that killed 49 'named as Omar Mateen'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on June 12, 2016. Retrieved June 12, 2016.
- ^ "Gunman in nightclub shooting had been investigated for terrorist links". CBC News. June 12, 2016. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved June 12, 2016.
- ^ Beckett, Lois (June 12, 2016). "Orlando nightclub attack is deadliest US mass shooting in modern history". The Guardian. Archived from the original on June 12, 2016. Retrieved June 12, 2016.
- ^ Yeung, Peter (June 12, 2016). "Gunman's 'terror attack' on gay nightclub leaves 50 dead". The Independent. Archived from the original on June 12, 2016. Retrieved June 12, 2016.
- ^ Stern, Mark Joseph (June 12, 2016). "The Long, Tragic History of Violence at LGBTQ Bars and Clubs in America". Slate. Archived from the original on June 12, 2016. Retrieved June 12, 2016.
- ^ Fantz, Ashley; Karimi, Faith; McLaughlin, Eliott C. (June 12, 2016). "50 killed in Florida nightclub, shooter pledged ISIS allegiance". CNN. Archived from the original on May 25, 2019. Retrieved June 12, 2016.
- ^ "Obama: Orlando An Act Of 'Terror And Hate'". Sky News. June 12, 2016. Archived from the original on June 12, 2016. Retrieved June 12, 2016.
- ^ Swanson, Ann (June 12, 2016). "The Orlando attack could transform the picture of post-9/11 terrorism in America". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on June 12, 2016. Retrieved June 12, 2016.
- ^ Kreps, Daniel (November 9, 2016). "City of Orlando Buying Pulse Nightclub to Create Memorial". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on November 10, 2016. Retrieved November 11, 2016.
- ^ "Pulse nightclub owner says she won't sell to city". Orlando Sentinel. December 5, 2016. Archived from the original on January 16, 2017. Retrieved January 16, 2017.
- ^ Bendix, Aria. "Pulse Nightclub to Become a Memorial and Museum". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on June 23, 2017. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
- ^ Cann, Christopher. "Pulse nightclub to be purchased by city of Orlando with plans of mass shooting memorial". USA TODAY. Retrieved August 16, 2024.
External links
edit
