Wikipedia

Queanbeyan

This article is about the regional city in New South Wales. For the local government area, see Queanbeyan–Palerang Regional Council.

Queanbeyan (/ˈkwiːnbiən/ KWEEN-bee-ən) is a city in south-eastern New South Wales, Australia, located adjacent to the Australian Capital Territory in the Southern Tablelands region. Located on the Queanbeyan River, the city is the council seat of the Queanbeyan-Palerang Regional Council. At the 2021 census, the Queanbeyan part of the Canberra–Queanbeyan built-up area had a population of 37,511.[1]

Queanbeyan
New South Wales
Queanbeyan Council Chambers
Queanbeyan is located in New South Wales
Queanbeyan
Queanbeyan
Location in New South Wales
Coordinates35°21′12″S 149°14′03″E / 35.35333°S 149.23417°E / -35.35333; 149.23417
Population37,511 (2021 census)[1]
 • Density210/km2 (540/sq mi)
Established1838
Elevation576 m (1,890 ft)
Area173 km2 (66.8 sq mi)
Time zoneAEST (UTC+10:00)
 • Summer (DST)AEDT (UTC+11:00)
Location
LGA(s)Queanbeyan-Palerang Regional Council
CountyMurray
ParishQueanbeyan
State electorate(s)Monaro
Federal division(s)Eden-Monaro
Mean max temp Mean min temp Annual rainfall
20.6 °C
69 °F		 6.5 °C
44 °F		 593.8 mm
23.4 in
Localities around Queanbeyan:
Beard Oaks Estate Queanbeyan East
Crestwood Queanbeyan Queanbeyan East
Queanbeyan West Karabar Greenleigh

Queanbeyan's economy is based on light construction, manufacturing, service, retail and agriculture. Canberra, Australia's capital, is located 15 kilometres (9 miles) to the west, and Queanbeyan is a commuter town. The word Queanbeyan is the anglicised form of Quinbean, an Aboriginal word meaning "clear waters"[citation needed].

History

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The first inhabitants of Queanbeyan were the Ngambri peoples of the Walgalu Nation.

The town grew from a squattage held by ex-convict and inn keeper, Timothy Beard, on the banks of the Molonglo River in what is now Oaks Estate. The town centre of Queanbeyan is located on the Queanbeyan River, a tributary of the Molonglo River and approximately 1.4 kilometres (0.87 mi) south-southeast of Oaks Estate.

Queanbeyan was officially proclaimed a township in 1838 when the population was about 50. The local parish was also known by that name and later still the member for the electorate of Queanbeyan held a seat in the legislative assembly of the colony of NSW. On 28 November 1837 the Colonial Secretary announced the appointment of Captain Alured Tasker Faunce as resident police magistrate at Queanbeyan. His homestead, called Dodsworth, was situated on the banks of the Queanbeyan river opposite the town.[2] The town plan was laid out by surveyor James Larmer, in 1838.[3]

Traces of gold were discovered in 1851 and lead and silver mines also flourished briefly. Settlers were harassed by bushrangers, of which James Shaw, William Millet, and John Rueben,[4] John Tennant, Jacky Jacky, Frank Gardiner and Ben Hall were some of the more notorious. In 1836, a Post Office was established.[5]

The Commercial Banking Company of Sydney Limited (CBC, now part of the National Australia Bank) opened in Queanbeyan on 19 September 1859. The Bank of New South Wales began service in Queanbeyan in 1878. The Golden Age (now The Queanbeyan Age) was Queanbeyan's first newspaper and was founded in 1860 by John Gale. In 1880 the residence of John James Wright, the first mayor of Queanbeyan, was constructed along the edge of the Queanbeyan River. In 1982 that building became the Queanbeyan Art Centre.

The Salvation Army claimed an outpost in Queanbeyan in 1884.

Queanbeyan became an increasingly successful primary producing district, and was proclaimed a Municipality in February 1885 incorporating an area of 5,700 acres (23 km2). The railway reached Queanbeyan railway station in 1887 and it became the junction for the lines going to Canberra and Bombala. The town is served by the thrice-daily NSW TrainLink Xplorer service between Canberra and Sydney.

 
Bridge over the Queanbeyan River

William James Farrer, the wheat experimentalist, established Queanbeyan's reputation as an agricultural district with his famous "Federation" rust-free strain, developed on his property "Lambrigg" at Tharwa. Farrer's work was only slowly recognised elsewhere in Australia, but local farmers supported him, particularly in his development of "Blount's Lambrigg", another strain which in 1889 gave hope to farmers after the disastrous season of 1887 when crops had failed after heavy Christmas rains.

At the height of its rural prosperity Queanbeyan boasted sixteen public houses and six flourmills powered by wind, water, horse and steam. The Royal Hotel on Monaro Street opened in 1926. In Canberra alcohol was prohibited from 1911, at the time of the territory's foundation, until 1928, when Federal Parliament had relocated from Melbourne. In that period many of the capital's residents crossed the border to drink at one of Queanbeyan's hotels.

Queanbeyan was granted city status on 7 July 1972. On 21 July 1975 the Queen's Bridge was opened. This bridge took pressure off the existing bridge in linking Monaro Street directly to the east. From 1982 to 1989, the Canberra Raiders rugby league team played their home games in Queanbeyan, at Seiffert Oval.

Since December 2008, the Australian Defence Forces's HQ Joint Operations Command has been based adjacent to the Kowen district of the Australian Capital Territory, just south of the Kings Highway, about 15 km east of Queanbeyan, and 15 km south of Bungendore, New South Wales.

Heritage listings

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Queanbeyan has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:

Today

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Queanbeyan has three government high schools: Queanbeyan High, Karabar High and Jerrabomberra High. Queanbeyan primary schools include Queanbeyan South Public School, Queanbeyan West Public School, Queanbeyan East Public School, Queanbeyan Public School, Jerrabomberra Public School and St Gregory's Primary School.

The Queanbeyan District Hospital is a small but modern facility providing Maternity, Emergency and some Community Health services. Queanbeyan has an ambulance station, indoor and outdoor swimming pool, community centre, performing arts centre, a public library and several parks.

The city's local bus service is CDC Canberra, which connects Queanbeyan and its suburbs to City Interchange and Woden Interchange in Canberra, as well as other towns in NSW including Bungendore and Yass.

After police operations at 8 Farrer Place were moved to temporary accommodation in Morisset Street, the old station, opened in July 1978, was demolished starting in February 2019. Construction of the new A$24 million station began in November 2019, completion was due January 2021.[15][16][17] The station became fully operational in March 2021, and was officially opened on 26 April 2021.[18]

Population

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Christ Church

At the 2021 census, the Queanbeyan part of the Canberra–Queanbeyan built-up area had a population of 37,511 (this did not include Googong).[1] At the 2011 census, the former city of Queanbeyan had a population of 37,991.[19] The suburb of Queanbeyan (central Queanbeyan) had a population of 6,409 in 2021.[20]

Historical population
YearPop.±%
19211,825—    
19334,019+120.2%
19475,033+25.2%
19547,310+45.2%
19619,448+29.2%
1966—    
1971—    
197618,923—    
198119,383+2.4%
198621,850+12.7%
199123,714+8.5%
199625,689+8.3%
200129,752+15.8%
200634,084+14.6%
201135,878+5.3%
201636,348+1.3%
202137,511+3.2%
Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics data.[21][22]

Commerce and industry

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The Queanbeyan Solar Farm was established in 1999

Queanbeyan has two light manufacturing/industrial precincts centred on Gilmore Road and Yass Road. The Queanbeyan Solar Farm with 720 solar panels has a generating capacity of 50 kW, and is located in the Yass Road area. Queanbeyan has a large and significant retail market in roses, which are sourced from the local district.

Transport

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Queanbeyan railway station

Queanbeyan is served by NSW TrainLink Xplorer which runs several times each day between Canberra and Sydney, calling at heritage listed Queanbeyan railway station. NSW TrainLink also operates regional coaches via Queanbeyan city.[23]

Regional coach services to the coast and Canberra are also provided by Rixons Buses[24] and Murrays.[25]

Air services are available at the nearby (10 km) Canberra Airport.

Local bus services (including cross border services to Canberra and Canberra Airport) are provided by CDC Canberra.

Sport and culture

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Queanbeyan has a number of sports teams that play in local sports competitions.

Team Sport Tournament
Queanbeyan Whites Rugby Union ACTRU Premier Division
Monaro Panthers FC Association Football NPL
Queanbeyan City FC Association Football
Queanbeyan Blues Rugby league Canberra Rugby League
Queanbeyan Kangaroos Rugby League Canberra Rugby League
Queanbeyan Tigers Australian Rules Football AFL Canberra
Queanbeyan Cricket Club Cricket ACT Cricket Competition
Queanbeyan United Hockey Club Field Hockey Hockey ACT
 
The "Q" – Queanbeyan Performing Arts Centre

The Queanbeyan Show, which started over 100 years ago, is held annually at the Queanbeyan Showground in November over two days. There are equestrian events, a sideshow alley, art and craft displays, cooking exhibits, an agricultural pavilion and livestock exhibitions. Also held is a Showgirl, Miss Junior Showgirl and Tiny Tots competition. Seiffert Oval is one of the largest stadia in the region.

In February, the Queanbeyan Showground plays host to the annual "Convoy for Kids" to aid cancer research. The event is widely supported by community groups, regional businesses and the emergency services. The event attracts hundreds of commercial vehicles, trucks, prime movers and bushfire brigade vehicles. The highlight of the afternoon is the sounding of horns, which can be heard for miles around. Other regular events throughout the year include the Rodeo in March which was in its 20th year in 2020,[26] but was cancelled in 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic,[27] Field Days, and a camping and off-road vehicle show. Queanbeyan Basketball Stadium is based on Southbar Road in the suburb of Karabar and is the main venue used for indoor sports like basketball and netball.

On 3 December, Queanbeyan hosts an annual Festival of Ability as part of the Don't DIS my ABILITY campaign, celebrating International Day of Persons with Disabilities. The event attracts more than 3,500 people and is a community celebration, acknowledging the strengths, skills and achievements of people with a disability in the Queanbeyan region.

Queanbeyan hosts several car shows through the year among them being Shannons Wheels in March 2020,[28] and "Terribly British Day" in early December, a car and bike show that has been held in the Australian Capital Territory region since 1975.[29] The show was in years past held on the lawns of Old Parliament House.[30]

In March 2008, the Queanbeyan Performing Arts Centre – the Q – became the new home for the Queanbeyan Players who have provided over thirty years of live theatre and dramatic entertainment for the Queanbeyan community.[31]

Canberra's Harmonie German Club holds an Oktoberfest over a three-day period every year in October.[32] Previously held at Exhibition Park in Canberra (EPIC), in 2017 the event moved over the border to the Queanbeyan Showground on 27–29 October.[33][34]

In 2021 a scaled-down, 2 day, version of the Canberra-based National Folk Festival, cancelled in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia, titled "Good Folk", was held in Queanbeyan, across Saturday 3 April and Sunday 4 April.[35]

Media

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Television

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Queanbeyan receives five free-to-air television networks relayed from Canberra that broadcast from the Black Mountain.

Radio

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The town is served by these radio stations: [36]

Newspapers

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The local newspaper is The Queanbeyan Age.

Politics

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The Queanbeyan Government Service Centre building

Federally, Queanbeyan lies within the electorate of Eden-Monaro, currently held by Kristy McBain representing the Australian Labor Party.

At a state level, Queanbeyan is the major population centre in the seat of Monaro, held by Steve Whan of the New South Wales Labor Party since May 2023.

Historic places and monuments

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A former monastery, St Benedicts now houses a number of local businesses
  • 1838 Anna Maria Faunce memorial: The oldest memorial grave-stone in existence in Queanbeyan was/is that of Anna Maria Faunce (born 30 November 1838), the eight-month-old daughter of Captain Allured Tasker Faunce.[37] The Memorial had not been seen for many years and was rediscovered by the Wheeler family.[38] The broken stone pieces were taken to the Queanbeyan Museum to arrange for repairs, sighted in broken pieces in a box at the Museum in the late 1990s, but the location now, is unknown.[39]
  • 1903 Queanbeyan Boer War memorial: Made of sandstone, the original memorial, had a gas light on top and was placed at the Monaro and Crawford Streets intersection in Queanbeyan, it was damaged when hit by a truck in the early 1950s and was repaired and re-erected on the same site. In 1955 the re-erected 1903 Boer War memorial was hit again by the same truck and same driver, Henry Ford, but this time it could not be repaired. As Veterans from the Boer War were still alive and wanted the 1903 Boer War memorial repaired/replaced, a public subscription was raised and a concrete replica memorial was cast and erected in 1964 in the centre-medium strip in Lowe Street, opposite the back of the Queanbeyan Courthouse. Although the memorial is a replica and although all the Boer War Veterans have since died, the remembrance, sentiment and respect for those who fought in the Boer War remains; Queanbeyan City Council undertakes regular conservation work, and the Queanbeyan RSL places a wreath on the Boer War Memorial each ANZAC DAY.[40][41]
  • 1923 Soldiers Memorial: Originally named the Soldiers Memorial, unveiled on 25 April 1923 Anzac Day but over time this memorial has had many local names such as the World War 1 memorial, World War 1 and 2 memorial and the World Wars memorial etc. but for many years has also been referred to as the Memorial for all Wars and all who served, be they men or women, who gave service in any capacity. General manager (now retired) Hugh Percy was the man who kicked the local Queanbeyan ANZAC Day ceremony off and got it growing and now every year the local Queanbeyan ANZAC Day ceremony grows bigger and better.[42][43]
  • 1936–1938 William Farrer memorial: Located on the central medium strip in Farrer Place, this sandstone and bronze memorial was unveiled in two ceremonies, 1936 and 1938. In 1936 the central sandstone column with the larger than life William Farrer bronze portrait bust at the top, with Raynor Hoff, the artist's signature on the bust and the large central plaque with "Farrer's quote" underneath the bust, were unveiled in 1936; The four smaller wheat-industry bronze-relief plaques (two on either side of the central sandstone column) were probably completed by other artists in Hoff's studio and were unveiled in 1938, during Queanbeyan's 1938 centenary celebrations.[44]

Notable residents

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Queanbeyan's "Megan Still Court" immediately adjacent the City Council Chambers, named in honour of Queanbeyan's former olympic women's rowing pair gold medalist
 
Overlooking Karabar and the Queanbeyan River
 
Bike paths connect the Queanbeyan CBD to Canberra

Suburbs

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The Choirboys song 'Struggle Town' was written about Queanbeyan after lead singer Mark Gable heard the reference to the town from the band's drummer Lindsay Tebbutt's father called Queanbeyan "Struggle Town".

Climate

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Lightning storms over Queanbeyan, 21 February 2007

Queanbeyan has an oceanic climate (Cfb) with warm summers and cool winters, similar to Canberra.

Climate data for Queanbeyan Bowling Club (1909–1956, rainfall 1870–2019); 580 m AMSL
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 29.0
(84.2) 		28.5
(83.3) 		25.6
(78.1) 		20.6
(69.1) 		15.9
(60.6) 		12.5
(54.5) 		11.8
(53.2) 		13.7
(56.7) 		17.3
(63.1) 		20.7
(69.3) 		24.4
(75.9) 		27.6
(81.7) 		20.6
(69.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 12.7
(54.9) 		12.9
(55.2) 		10.7
(51.3) 		6.6
(43.9) 		3.3
(37.9) 		0.9
(33.6) 		−0.2
(31.6) 		0.9
(33.6) 		3.3
(37.9) 		6.0
(42.8) 		8.9
(48.0) 		11.4
(52.5) 		6.5
(43.6)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 55.3
(2.18) 		51.5
(2.03) 		51.2
(2.02) 		43.8
(1.72) 		42.9
(1.69) 		44.4
(1.75) 		39.2
(1.54) 		43.9
(1.73) 		47.7
(1.88) 		59.0
(2.32) 		58.9
(2.32) 		56.0
(2.20) 		593.8
(23.38)
Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) 4.7 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.5 5.5 5.4 6.0 6.2 6.6 6.1 5.3 63.3
Source: Australian Bureau of Meteorology (1909–1956 temperatures, rainfall 1870-2019)[54]

References

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  1. ^ a b c Australian Bureau of Statistics (28 June 2022). "Canberra – Queanbeyan (Queanbeyan Part)". 2021 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 4 November 2022.  
  2. ^ Errol Lea-Scarlet. Queanbeyan. District and People. Queanbeyan Municipal Council 1968 p27.
  3. ^ "Queanbeyan's Timeline". Queanbeyan Museum. 1 July 2013. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
  4. ^ "The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser Saturday 13 August 1842". Archived from the original on 6 December 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
  5. ^ "The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser Tuesday 22 March 1836". Archived from the original on 6 December 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
  6. ^ "Old Queanbeyan Hospital – Rusten House". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H00552. Retrieved 18 May 2018.   Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
  7. ^ "Hibernia Lodge". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H00514. Retrieved 18 May 2018.   Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
  8. ^ "Queanbeyan Showground". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H01890. Retrieved 18 May 2018.   Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
  9. ^ "Queanbeyan rail bridges over Queanbeyan and Burbong Rivers". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H01052. Retrieved 18 May 2018.   Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
  10. ^ "Queanbeyan Railway Station group". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H01226. Retrieved 18 May 2018.   Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
  11. ^ "Mill and Millhouse". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H00363. Retrieved 18 May 2018.   Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
  12. ^ "St Stephen's Presbyterian Church and Manse". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H02018. Retrieved 18 February 2020.   Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
  13. ^ "Christ Church Anglican Group". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H00043. Retrieved 18 May 2018.   Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
  14. ^ "Kawaree". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H00365. Retrieved 18 May 2018.   Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
  15. ^ "Construction has commenced on the new Queanbeyan Police Station". kane.com.au. Kane Constructions. 15 November 2019. Retrieved 8 January 2021.
  16. ^ O'Mallon, Finbar (28 February 2019). "Splash 'n' grab: Barilaro promises new QBN courthouse if re-elected". The Canberra Times. Australian Community Media. Retrieved 8 January 2021.
  17. ^ "Queanbeyan Police Memorial". monumentaustralia.org.au. Monument Australia. Retrieved 8 January 2021.
  18. ^ "New $31M Queanbeyan Police Station officially opens". Goulburn Post. Australian Community Media. 26 April 2021. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
  19. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (31 October 2012). "Queanbeyan (C)". 2011 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 18 December 2013.  
  20. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (28 June 2022). "Queanbeyan (state suburb)". 2021 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 4 November 2022.  
  21. ^ "Statistics by Catalogue Number". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
  22. ^ "Search Census data". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 2 July 2024.
  23. ^ "Routes and timetables". Transport for NSW. Archived from the original on 13 May 2018. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
  24. ^ "Canberra Coast Shuttle". Archived from the original on 14 May 2018. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
  25. ^ "Travel by coach with Murrays to & from Canberra – Batemans Bay – Narooma – Murrays Coaches, Buses & Limousines". Archived from the original on 13 May 2018. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
  26. ^ "2020 Patches Asphalt Queanbeyan Rodeo - About". queanbeyanrodeo.com.au. Queanbeyan Rodeo. 2019. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
  27. ^ "Patches Asphalt Queanbeyan Rodeo". visitqueanbeyanpalerang.com.au. Visit Queanbeyan-Palerang. 2021. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
  28. ^ "Shannons Wheels 2020 - Shannons Club". www.shannons.com.au. Shannons Insurance. 2020. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
  29. ^ "Terribly British Day". www.shannons.com.au. Shannons Insurance. 2020. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
  30. ^ Dexi (5 December 208). "Terribly British Day". The RiotACT. Region Group Pty Ltd. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
  31. ^ See Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia – Speech – Opening of the Queanbeyan Performing Arts Centre Archived 20 July 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  32. ^ Oktoberfest harmonieclub.com.au Archived 19 July 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  33. ^ Williams, Elliot (28 October 2017). "Queanbeyan hosts first Oktoberfest after 50 years in Canberra". The Canberra Times. Archived from the original on 29 October 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
  34. ^ Hall, James (25 February 2017). "Queanbeyan cashes in as the new home for Oktoberfest". The Canberra Times. Archived from the original on 1 March 2017. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
  35. ^ Bushnell, Ian (29 January 2021). "National Folk Festival turns to in-tune Queanbeyan for scaled-back, COVID-safe event". The RiotACT. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
  36. ^ "Queanbeyan Local Radio". Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  37. ^ Rex Cross. Bygone Queanbeyan. Queanbeyan Publishing Company, 1985 ISBN 0-9591096-0-9
  38. ^ Enid Wheeler. The Lost Headstone. The Canberra Times. 10 December 1992.
  39. ^ Queanbeyan Museum.
  40. ^ Queanbeyan Age, 1950s–1960s
  41. ^ P.B. Sheedy & E.A. Percy. Moneroo to Monaro. Publisher Queanbeyan City Council, Queanbeyan. ISBN 0 9599895 6 0
  42. ^ Queanbeyan Age
  43. ^ P.B. Sheedy & E.A. Percy. Moneroo to Monaro, Publisher Queanbeyan City Council, Queanbeyan. ISBN 0 9599895 6 0
  44. ^ a b Queanbeyan Age, 1936 and 1938.
  45. ^ "Olympic profile: Suzy Balogh". The Canberra Times. 28 July 2012. Archived from the original on 2 March 2015. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
  46. ^ The Canberra Times Online Family ties bind Faingaa twins 6 April 2008 Archived 20 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  47. ^ "ABC News Takeover _target completes Aussie sweep 2 May 2009". ABC News. 2 May 2009. Archived from the original on 3 May 2009. Retrieved 2 May 2009.
  48. ^ O'Farrell, Patrick. "Holland, Henry Edmund – Biography". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 9 January 2016.
  49. ^ Gordon, Chris. "Lazenby's Goulburn bond" Archived 4 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine Goulburn Post, 3 November 2010
  50. ^ Doherty, Megan. "Lawrence Mooney brings his existential crisis to Canberra" Archived 20 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine The Canberra Times, 22 November 2016
  51. ^ "ABC News Aussie chases visual effects Oscar 23 January 2009". ABC News. 23 January 2009. Archived from the original on 25 January 2009. Retrieved 24 January 2009.
  52. ^ The Sunday Times Online Mark Webber: not your average F1 driver 31 May 2009[dead link‍]
  53. ^ "Motorsport – Formula 1 – Results – Brazil Grand Prix race results". 18 October 2009.
  54. ^ "[Queanbeyan Bowling Club, NSW Climate (1909-1956 temperatures, precipitation 1870-present)". Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 8 May 2022.
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