R. Wallace & Sons (1835–) was formed in Wallingford, Connecticut, and incorporated in 1879. As of 1893, this company manufactured silver and plated ware and cutlery and had about 600 employees.[1]
| Founded | 1835 |
|---|---|
| Headquarters | , |
Area served | Predominately the United States |
Key people | Robert Wallace, F.A. Wallace, H.L. Wallace |
| Products | Silver and plated ware, cutlery |
In 1887, William Hale Beckford in Leading business men of New Haven county described the company, "The valuable plant of the company is one of the most complete and extensive of its kind in the United States, the buildings being substantially built of brick, two and three stories in height, and covering an area of several acres of ground."[2]
Over the years, the Wallace companies had three names: R. Wallace & Sons (1835–1856), Wallace Brothers Silver Company (1856–1884) and Wallace Silversmiths (founded 1875)[3] Unique for the area, the Wallace companies did not become part of the International Silver Company and maintained its independence.[4]
Many designs by R. Wallace & Sons, especially Modern ones, have been collected by American museums including the Dallas Museum of Art, Wolfsonian FIU in Miami Beach, and the Mint Museum in Charlotte, NC,[5] In 2005–07, Modernist silver designs by R. Wallace & Sons were featured in a traveling museum exhibition (Dallas Museum of Art; the Smithsonian in Washington; Wolfsonian FIU in Miami Beach; Nevada Museum of Art, Reno; and The Dixon Gallery and Gardens, Memphis).[3] The designs have also been shown in exhibitions at the Dallas Museum of Art (2016–17), a traveling show organized by the Cleveland Museum of Art (1959–60) with six additional venues in Dallas, Dayton, Minneapolis, Portland (OR), St. Louis and San Francisco. In the 1930s, R. Wallace & Sons designs were included in exhibitions at the Brooklyn Museum and the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.[5]
Wallace Silversmiths Inc.
editWallace Silversmiths, a major American manufacturer of sterling silver is owned by Lifetime Brands.
It was founded by Robert Wallace who was born in Prospect, Connecticut, on November 13, 1815. He was the son of Scottish immigrant and silversmith James Wallace and his wife Irene (Williams), who had immigrated in the late 18th century.[citation needed] The boy had only a limited education, such as the sons of the farmers of that period received.
At the age of 16, Robert Wallace became an apprentice to Captain William Mix, a renowned spoon maker for the Meriden Britannia Company A Meriden Britannia apprenticeship was highly sought after because the firm was the most successful cutlery and hollowware-producing firm in the Northeast.
Having mastered the art of silver craft, Robert Wallace left his apprenticeship, purchased a dilapidated gristmill, and began to produce his own cutlery. By 1833, Wallace's silver shop was up and running. As Wallace was skilled in the art of spoon making, Wallace's only product was spoons.
Innovation
editOne day, while shopping in New York City, Wallace happened upon a piece of cutlery made of a nickel alloy called German silver that had been produced by Dixon and Sons of Sheffield, England. Impressed by the quality and strength of the piece, Wallace bought the formula from the German chemist Dr. Louis Feuchtwanger who had a small bar of that metal from Germany for the then unheard sum of $20 and went on to build these new nickel silver spoons. Later he found a man who had brought the recipe for making the metal. Wallace purchased that too. In his factory, he then compounded the first German silver made in America and pioneered the new industry.[6]
Production
editWallace moved his factory from Cheshire, Connecticut, to a point on the Quinnipiac River in Wallingford, Connecticut. There he increased his production of spoons and cutlery. When his factory was in Cheshire, he produced three dozen spoons per day. In Wallingford, he made nine dozen daily.
Wallace realized the importance of diversifying his business and began producing a complete range of flatware using the nickel alloy formula. It is from these humble beginnings that the Wallace Silversmiths were born.[citation needed]
Growth
editFor the next five decades, Wallace did contract work, producing cutlery for a number of firms throughout the world. Wallace would sign a contract with a flatware manufacturer and produce a given piece for a set number of years. Generally, these contracts lasted about 10 years.
The industry continued to grow and eventually assumed large proportions during this period, Wallace produced cutlery for such firms as Hall, Elton & Co., Fred R. Curtiss Co., and Meriden Britannia Co. In 1855, Wallace partnered with Samuel Simpson to produce German flatware. During this period, the business was called R. Wallace and Co. and had represented an investment of $12,000.
Later, Wallace would partner with a group of managers with the Meriden Britannia Company. At this point, the company was called Wallace, Simpson, and Co., and by 1865, the business was worth $100,000. By 1871, Wallace had purchased the balance of his partner's shares and together with two of his sons renamed the growing company R. Wallace & Sons Mfg. Co.
The factory added to its products sterling goods and high-grade nickel-silver-plated ware, both flat and hollow. Still later, by experiment, Mr. Wallace devised a new process of manufacture from steel. It made a less bulky, firmer, and a lighter base for silver plating.
Also in 1871, Wallace, his sons, and sons-in-law formed a new company. The new company, Wallace Brothers, produced silver-plated flatware on a base of stainless steel. (By 1879, Wallace Brothers was merged with R. Wallace and Sons Mfg. Co.)
In 1875, Wallace introduced the first three sterling patterns to feature the esteemed Wallace name - Hawthorne, The Crown, and St. Leon. These beautiful patterns were soon followed by sterling and silver-plated holloware.
Over the next century, the company continued to grow. R. Wallace and Sons Mfg. Co. invested heavily in new machinery and skilled artisans.
As American's Gilded Age gathered steam, the firm saw continued success with additional sterling flatware designs and began producing both plated and sterling hollowware as well. Its reputation for quality continued to grow in the early twentieth century, and more patterns were developed. Years passed and Wallace's reputation for excellence in silversmithing continued to growth.[citation needed]
Legacy
editRobert Wallace died on June 1, 1892, and the sons and son-in-law continued the business. It grew to be the largest manufacturer of flat tableware in the world. At the start of the 20th century, about 3 tons of steel and 1.5 tons of nickel silver were used daily. The company opened selling houses in New York City and Chicago. The company's success brought prosperity to Wallingford.
The 1930s were spent improving R. Wallace Mfg. Co.’s mass production techniques. The company released a series of sterling silver patterns created by designer William S. Warren, including Rose Point (1934), Sir Christopher (1936), Stradivari (1937), Grande Baroque (1941), Grand Colonial (1942), and Romance of the Sea (1950).[7] These patterns are called "Three Dimension" because the design of these patterns is apparent from the front, back, or profile. Each of these patterns remains popular; in particular, the Grande Baroque pattern remains a best-seller. In 1947, Warren wrote a book, published by Wallace Silversmiths, called "Wallace Beauty Moods in Silver" to discuss five of the six "Three Dimension" designs.[7]
In 1956 R. Wallace and Sons Mfg. Co. purchased the Watson Company and relocated to The Watson Company's Wallingford, Connecticut factory. After the company's relocation, its name became Wallace Silversmiths. Shortly thereafter, in 1958, they purchased both the Tuttle Silver Company and Smith & Smith Company. As a result of this growth, the Hamilton Watch Company of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, acquired Wallace Silversmiths in 1959.
Over the next three decades, the ownership of Wallace Silversmiths would change three more times. Wallace Silversmiths remained a subsidiary of the Hamilton Watch Company (Hamilton Watch sold Wallace Stainless Division to Vose Associates in 1963 or 1964) until 1983 when the then 150-year-old company was sold to Katy Industries of Elgin, Illinois. In 1986, Syratech Corporation, which also owned Towle Silversmiths, acquired Wallace Silversmiths from Katy Industries. On April 1, 1987, Wallace Silversmiths' corporate headquarters was moved from Connecticut to East Boston, MA.
In 2006, Lifetime Brands acquired Syratech's assets.[8] The company continues to design sterling, silverplate, and stainless steel flatware.[citation needed]
References
edit- ^ D.H. Hurd & Co. (1893). "Town and city atlas of the State of Connecticut", (p. 214). Boston. Retrieved October 29, 2016.
- ^ Beckford, William Hale. (1887). " Leading business men of New Haven", (p. 266). Mercantile Pub. Co.: Boston. Retrieved October 29, 2016.
- ^ a b Stern, Jewel. (2005). Modernism in American silver. Dallas Museum of Art and Yale University Press. Retrieved October 29, 2016.
- ^ (Undated). "A Guide to the International Silver Company Records, 1853-1921". UCONN university libraries, special collections. Retrieved October 29, 2016.
- ^ a b (March 31, 2016). "R. Wallace & Sons / Wallace Brothers Silver Company / Wallace Silversmiths designs in collections, at auction, and in exhibitions". artdesigncafe.com. Retrieved October 29, 2016.
- ^ Davis, Charles Henry Stanley (1870). History of Wallingford, Conn., From Its Settlement in 1670 to the Present Time. Wallingford, Conn.: Mount Tom Printing House.
- ^ a b (April 2, 2016). "R. Wallace & Sons / Wallace Silversmiths design catalogues and historical information". artdesigncafe. Retrieved May 21, 2018.
- ^ "Lifetime Brands to Acquire Assets of Syratech Corporation; Acquisition Furthers Lifetime's Tabletop Strategy by Significantly Expanding Its Presence in Flatware". Business Wire. March 8, 2006. Retrieved 2010-05-25.[dead link]