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Resource nationalism is the tendency of people and governments to assert control over natural resources located within their territory.[1] As a result, resource nationalism conflicts with the interests of multinational corporations.
The approach of peak oil during price fluctuation leads many governments to take ownership or control of fossil fuel reservoirs for strategic and economic reasons.[2] Resource nationalism applies to resources such as metals, and in less developed nations, mining investments.
It is mainly enforced as an economic policy in an authoritarian or populist style[3] by governments that rely on state ownership or control of natural resources located within their territories to advance political, social or industrial objectives. This emphasizes that resources belong to the people of the country in question first and foremost, and for some resource nationalists, that state employment is the best manager of resources against privatization.
A recent tide of resource nationalism appeared during the period of economic liberalisation in Latin America in the 1990s,[4] with populations and governments looking for independence of the country in terms of export and resources. An example includes the Cochabamba Water War, a series of protests against privatization of the city's water supply that took place in Bolivia. As a result, less than six months later the government cancelled the contract.
Governments that have adopted elements of resource nationalism include Bolivia under Evo Morales, Argentina under Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, and Venezuela under Hugo Chávez.[5]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Childs, John (2016-04-01). "Geography and resource nationalism: A critical review and reframing". The Extractive Industries and Society. 3 (2): 539–546. doi:10.1016/j.exis.2016.02.006. ISSN 2214-790X.
- ^ Arbatli, Ekim (2018-06-01). "Resource nationalism revisited: A new conceptualization in light of changing actors and strategies in the oil industry". Energy Research & Social Science. 40: 101–108. doi:10.1016/j.erss.2017.11.030. ISSN 2214-6296.
- ^ Wilson, Jeffrey D. (2015-10-02). "Understanding resource nationalism: economic dynamics and political institutions". Contemporary Politics. 21 (4): 399–416. doi:10.1080/13569775.2015.1013293. ISSN 1356-9775.
- ^ Monaldi, Francisco J. (2020-03-31), "The Cyclical Phenomenon of Resource Nationalism in Latin America", Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.1523, ISBN 978-0-19-022863-7, retrieved 2020-06-24
- ^ Weitzman, Hal (25 April 2012). "The rise of 'resource nationalism'". Politico. Retrieved 2020-06-24.
Further reading
edit- Posocco, Lorenzo, and Watson, Iarfhlaith. "Reflexive Green Nationalism (RGN): A sociological antidote to the climate crisis" (2022). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/364330324_Reflexive_Green_Nationalism_RGN_A_sociological_antidote_to_the_climate_crisis
- Hollingsworth, Brian, "Resource Nationalism and Energy Integration in Latin America: The Paradox of Populism" (2018). FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 3790. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3790
- Johnson, Toni (13 August 2007). "The Return of Resource Nationalism". Council on Foreign Relations. Archived from the original on 20 July 2016.
- Mares, David R. "Resource Nationalism and Energy Security in Latin America: Implication for Global Oil Supplies." (2010). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/la_energy_dialog/74
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