RhythmOne plc, a subsidiary of Nexxen,[2][3] is an American digital advertising technology company that owns and operates the web properties AllMusic, AllMovie, and SideReel.
Company type | Public |
---|---|
Industry | Internet services |
Founded | July 2004
|
Defunct | April 2019 |
Fate | Acquired by Taptica (now Nexxen) |
Headquarters | San Francisco, California , U.S. |
Number of employees | 525 (June 2017)[1] |
Website | rhythmone.com |
Blinkx was founded in 2004, went public on the AIM market of the London Stock Exchange in 2007, and began trading as RhythmOne in 2017.[3] The company is headquartered in San Francisco and London, England. RhythmOne acquired All Media Network and its portfolio of web properties in April 2015. In April 2019, RhythmOne merged with Taptica International (renamed Tremor International in June 2019), an advertising technology company headquartered in Tel Aviv, Israel.[4]
History
editBlinkx was named after blinkx.com,[5] an Internet Media platform which connects online video viewers with publishers and distributors, using advertising to monetize those interactions. Blinkx has an index of over 35 million hours of video and 800 media partnerships, as well as 111 patents related to the site's search engine technology, which is known as CORE.[6]
In 2004, Suranga Chandratillake, former US chief technology officer of Autonomy Corporation, founded Blinkx as a toolbar for web search, specializing in video.[7] In December 2004, Blinkx launched an audio and video search engine.[8] In July 2005, Blinkx launched SmartFeed, an RSS web feed for video links.[9] In October 2006, Microsoft Corp. agreed to use Blinkx technology to power the video search on some parts of its MSN service and Live.com.[10] In June 2007, Blinkx launched a contextual video advertising platform named AdHoc.[11]
In March 2008, Blinkx released the Blinkx Beat video screensaver[12] and in April of the same year, the company launched its broadband TV application.[13] In May 2008, Blinkx introduced the Advanced Media Platform (AMP), a proprietary video content management solution;[14] in August 2008 the company launched Blinkx Remote, a directory of full-length TV shows online for the US and UK.[15] In December 2008, Blinkx introduced the Un-roll Unit, a new ad unit for online video.[16]
In April 2009, Blinkx acquired some of the assets of the bankrupt Zango company under its Pinball Corporation subsidiary.[17] In April 2010, the company launched behavioral _targeting through Blinkx AdHoc.[18] In May 2010, Blinkx launched a mobile video search site;[19] in July Blinkx announced the launch of a new mobile API (Application Programming Interface).[20] In October 2010, Blinkx launched Blinkx Beat for Google TV[21] and Cheep, a social shopping service.[22] In November 2010, the company achieved profitability and positive operating cash flow, doubling revenue year on year.[23] In February 2011, Blinkx introduced TV API (Application Programming Interface).[24] In February 2011, Blinkx announced a partnership with woomi, the connected TV destination from Miniweb Interactive, the cloud-based video distribution platform.[25]
In April 2011, Blinkx announced the acquisition of Burst Media, an online media and technology company headquartered in Burlington, Massachusetts. This acquisition brought 35 million hours of online video and TV to Burst Media's audience of over 130 million unique users.[26] In May 2011, the company announced the Blinkx app would be available on Roku.[27] In November 2011, Blinkx announced a partnership with Orb Networks to bring 35 million hours of TV, video, and audio to Orb TV and Orb BR Users.[28] In November 2011, the company acquired Prime Visibility Media Group (PVMG).[29]
In January 2012, Blinkx received a U.S. Patent for Moving Thumbnails technology.[30] In September 2012, an open beta of the next-generation Blinkx site launched.[31] In January 2013, the company's next-generation video search and discovery site went live.[32] In Dec 2013, Blinkx acquired Rhythm NewMedia Inc., a Mobile Video Advertising Platform.[33]
In April 2015, Blinkx acquired All Media Network for an undisclosed amount, including website properties Sidereel.com, Allmusic.com, and Allmovie.com;[34] the company unified its brands under the name RhythmOne.[35] In June 2016, Blinkx plc changed its name to RhythmOne plc and began trading as RhythmOne plc on the London Stock Exchange.[36][3] In December 2016, RhythmOne acquired Perk.com, a mobile rewards company with headquarters in Austin, Texas.[37] In June 2017, RhythmOne acquired assets and 200 employees from RadiumOne.[1] In September 2017, RhythmOne acquired YuMe Inc. for $185 million.[38] In April 2019, RhythmOne was acquired by Taptica International.[4][39]
All Media Network
editAll Media Network, LLC | |
Company type | Private |
Industry | Entertainment |
Predecessor | All Media Guide, AllRovi |
Founded | June 26, 1990[40] Big Rapids, Michigan, U.S.[41] |
Founder | Michael Erlewine |
Headquarters | , U.S. |
Products | AllMusic, AllMovie, AllGame, SideReel, Celebified |
Number of employees | 11-50 |
Website | allmedianetwork |
Footnotes / references [42][43] |
All Media Network (AMN), formerly known as All Media Guide (AMG) and AllRovi, was an American company that owned and maintained AllMusic, AllMovie, AllGame (until its closure in 2014), SideReel and Celebified.
The company was founded in 1990 by popular-culture archivist Michael Erlewine. All Media Network offices were located in San Francisco, Ann Arbor, and other locations in the United States.[44]
All Media Network was founded in Big Rapids, Michigan in 1990 by Michael Erlewine. With the All Music Guide the aim was to "[compile] discographic information on every artist who's made a record since Enrico Caruso gave the industry its first big boost", which launched in 1991.[45]
All Music Guide (now AllMusic) was launched in 1991. In 1994, the All Movie Guide (now AllMovie) was launched and in 1998 the All Game Guide (later AllGame—defunct in 2014).[46]
They expanded with the All Movie Guide (now AllMovie) in 1994, and then the All Game Guide (now AllGame) in 1998. They moved to Ann Arbor, Michigan in 1999 to take advantage of the "rich talent pool".[46] AMG was a business unit within Alliance Entertainment from 1996 until early 2005.[47][48] In 2006, AEC One Stop Group, Inc., was its parent company.[49]
Alliance was acquired in 1999 by Yucaipa Companies, a multibillion-dollar fund based in California.
Macrovision (now TiVo) announced on November 6, 2007 that it had agreed to purchase All Media Guide for a reported $102 million; $72 million in cash was paid up front, and $30 million in contingent payments were made one year later.[50][51] For a time, all of the guides were controlled by Rovi's nameservers and combined access to the All Music and All Movie Guides was provided via AllRovi.com from 2011 until 2013. In 2013, Rovi sold consumer access of the content to the newly established All Media Network, LLC, but retained control of licensing the content to other businesses. The overall website is allmedianetwork.com (previously allmediaguide.com and allrovi.com).
Rovi sold the consumer access to them to newly established All Media Network, LLC in 2013, while retaining ownership and maintenance of the content itself.[52][53]
The AllGame section of the site was shut down on December 12, 2014.[54]
On April 16, 2015 Blinkx Plc acquired All Media Network and rebranded the website under the new unified RhythmOne Group banner.[55][56] In 2019 the company was acquired for $174M by Taptica, which in 2023 rebranded as Nexxen.[2]
Properties
editAllMusic
editAllMusic is an online database which provides access to information about songs, albums, musicians, bands, and musical styles alongside staff-authored news, reviews, biographies, ratings and recommendations. Initially published in book form in 1991 as the All Music Guide, the content is now freely available to the public for online reference and information as well as available via licensing for point-of-sale systems, media players, and online music stores.[46][57][58]
Guide series
editRhythmOne also produces the AllMusic guide series that includes the All Music Guide to Jazz and the All Music Guide to the Blues. Vladimir Bogdanov is the president of the series.
AllMovie
editAllMovie, launched in 1994 as the All Movie Guide, provides access to information about actors, films, and filmmakers with staff-authored news, reviews, ratings, and recommendations. It offers limited information about Television productions, focused mainly on those released on DVD. Like AllMusic, the content is also available via licensing to point-of-sale systems, media players, and online stores.[46][59][60]
AllGame
editAllGame, active between 1998 and 2014 as the All Game Guide, offered information and reviews about many console, handheld, arcade, and PC games released in the US.[43][46][61] The site started in February 1998 with the goal of becoming the most comprehensive game database available.[62] In a farewell message on their site, the staff noted that they "didn't all know exactly what we were doing in those early days but it was an exciting time to be helping build an online game database before the Internet exploded with numerous websites dedicated to video games."[62]
SideReel
editSideReel,[63] launched in 2007, is a TV community site which provides information about TV shows and episodes.[43]
Celebified
editCelebified offers celebrity news and interviews and started in 2012.[43] As of December 2023, all prior existing URLs now return a 404 error. The homepage of Celebified.com now only exists as a feed of posts from other network websites.
Operations
editBusiness model
editThe AllMusic database is also used by several generations of Windows Media Player and Musicmatch Jukebox to identify and organize music collections. Windows Media Player 11 and the integrated MTV Urge music store have expanded the use of AllMusic data to include related artists, biographies, reviews, playlists and other data.[46]
All Media Network licenses large databases of metadata about movies, video games, audio books, and music releases from Rovi Corporation and publishes them online for consumer use. This includes credits, and staff-written biographies, reviews, ratings, and recommendations as well as categories such as theme or mood.[53] Rovi also makes this content available for point of sale systems in stores globally, for CD and DVD recognition in software media players such as Windows Media Player and Musicmatch Jukebox, and for providing content for a variety of websites including iTunes, Pandora, and Spotify.[64][65]
Formerly, All Media Guide sold print compilations of its information.[45] RhythmOne's database was initially set up by Vladimir Bogdanov.[46]
Information in the database is licensed and used in point-of-sale systems by some music retailers, includes the following:
- Basic data: names, genres, credits, copyright information, product numbers.
- Descriptive content: styles, tones, moods, themes, nationalities.
- Relational content: similar artists and albums, influences.
- Editorial content: biographies, reviews, rankings.
Adware controversy
editA lengthy criticism of Blinkx by Harvard Business School Associate Professor[66] Ben Edelman, published in January 2014,[67] sought to prove that Blinkx continued the adware operations of two companies it acquired, Prime Visibility Media Group[68] and Zango,[69] and was defrauding advertisers. Blinkx responded point-by-point in March 2014, saying that it did not install adware without user consent and that they did not wholly acquire Zango or its assets.[70] An earlier, 2009 blog post by Ken Smith, Zango co-founder and former CTO, supported Edelman's assertion that Blinkx acquired all of Zango's assets.[71]
Forbes contributor Peter Cohan claimed that Edelman's post caused a massive drop in Blinkx's stock price,[72] and further noted that Blinkx's initial, now-deleted corporate response on 30 January 2014[73] was largely an attack on Edelman's methods, rather than on the content of his analysis. However, New York Times blogger Mark Scott theorized that Edelman's undisclosed client(s), who funded his research on Blinkx, may have been hedge funds who profited from shorting the drop in Blinkx's stock price.[74]
Edelman published further research in April 2014, claiming that Blinkx offered users deceptive software installers and used deceptive pop-up advertisements.[75] He continued to defend his claim that Blinkx purchased all of Zango's assets, including its physical headquarters, and argued that a Federal Trade Commission order against Zango in 2007[76] may still apply to Blinkx. A section of the post co-authored with digital fraud investigation consultant Wesley Brandi also defended and furthered his initial claims that Blinkx was defrauding its advertising affiliates.[77]
Executives
edit- Mark Bonney – Chief Executive Officer[78]
- Suranga Chandratillake – President and Chief Strategy Officer
- Richard O'Connor – Chief Financial Officer[78]
- Frank Pao – Chief Business Officer[78]
- Dan Slivjanovski – Chief Marketing Officer[78]
- Richard Nunn – Chief Revenue Officer[78]
- Bhaskar Ballapragada – Senior Vice President, Product[78]
See also
edit- Babelgum
- Hulu
- Internet television
- IPTV
- Joost
- List of online music databases
- Miro (software)
- Slingbox
- Stephen Thomas Erlewine, senior editor of AllMusic
- Veoh
References
edit- ^ a b Williams, Azadeh (June 28, 2017). "Adtech company RhythmOne acquires RadiumOne for US$22m". Archived from the original on January 27, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2017.
- ^ a b "'Some will close their gates, others will open to programmatic': Ofer Druker on the future of CTV". DigiDay. June 12, 2023. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
- ^ a b "Appointment of CEO, RhythmOne Trading Update and Commencement of Share Buyback Programme" (PDF). Taptica International. April 2, 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 9, 2020. Retrieved July 19, 2019.
- ^ "overview". blinkx. Archived from the original on June 4, 2004. Retrieved August 30, 2024.
- ^ "About". Blinkx. Archived from the original on May 21, 2013. Retrieved February 13, 2013.
- ^ "Blinkx' original web page". May 14, 2005. Archived from the original on May 14, 2005. Retrieved July 12, 2007.
- ^ "Blinkx Unveils Search Engine for TV". Lost Remote. December 16, 2004. Retrieved September 5, 2008.
- ^ "Blinkx Gives Users Their RSS TV". PC World. July 19, 2005. Archived from the original on November 1, 2008. Retrieved September 5, 2008.
- ^ "Microsoft Signs blinkx to Video Search". Jupiter Online Media. October 9, 2006. Archived from the original on July 3, 2016. Retrieved July 8, 2007.
- ^ "Blinkx launches contextual online video search ad platform". Search Engine Watch. June 25, 2007. Archived from the original on June 22, 2008. Retrieved September 5, 2008.
- ^ "Tune in With blinkx beat: Blinkx Brings Personalized Video Bulletins Straight to the Desktop". Reuters. March 19, 2008. Archived from the original on December 26, 2008. Retrieved September 5, 2008.
- ^ "Blinkx BBTV brings Web interactivity to TV, film". CNET. April 1, 2008. Archived from the original on October 23, 2012. Retrieved September 5, 2008.
- ^ "Blinkx Advanced Media Platform Unlocks the Potential of Video Assets for Publishers, Content Owners and Producers". Internet Archive. May 6, 2008. Archived from the original on September 1, 2011. Retrieved May 6, 2011.
- ^ "Blinkx Launches TV Search Service". Wired. August 13, 2008. Archived from the original on December 26, 2008. Retrieved September 5, 2008.
- ^ "Blinkx Debuts 'Un-Roll' Streaming Video Ad Unit". MediaPost. December 29, 2008. Archived from the original on June 5, 2009. Retrieved May 6, 2011.
- ^ "Zango goes titsup". The Register. Archived from the original on December 26, 2012. Retrieved February 13, 2013.
- ^ Holton, Kate (April 27, 2010). "Video search Blinkx launches ad service based on viewers' habits". Reuters. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved May 6, 2011.
- ^ "Blinkx video search goes mobile". Metro. May 18, 2010. Archived from the original on June 29, 2010. Retrieved May 6, 2011.
- ^ "Video Search Engine Blinkx Unveils Mobile API". IntoMobile. July 24, 2010. Archived from the original on December 15, 2010. Retrieved May 6, 2011.
- ^ Blinkx Beat for Google TV[permanent dead link ]
- ^ "Cheep Combines Product Comparisons With Social Shopping". TechCrunch. October 26, 2010. Archived from the original on May 12, 2011. Retrieved May 6, 2011.
- ^ "Now Showing At Video Search Engine Blinkx: Profits". TechCrunch. November 9, 2010. Archived from the original on May 14, 2011. Retrieved May 6, 2011.
- ^ "Blinkx enters connected TV ecosystem". Broadband TV News. February 2, 2011. Archived from the original on February 10, 2011. Retrieved May 6, 2011.
- ^ "woomi Incorporates blinkx Video Content in OTT Offering". Internet Archive. February 15, 2011. Archived from the original on May 16, 2011. Retrieved May 6, 2011.
- ^ "Blinkx buys Burst for $30 million to boost online TV". Reuters. April 8, 2011. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved May 6, 2011.
- ^ "Blinkx Provides Content to Roku With New App". tmcnet.com. May 30, 2011. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
- ^ "blinkx Announces Partnership With Orb Networks to Bring 35 Million Hours of TV, Video and Audio to Orb TV and Orb BR Users". Betanews.com. November 1, 2011. Archived from the original on January 19, 2014.
- ^ "Blinkx Buys PVMG For Engine And Agency". MediaPost. November 9, 2011. Archived from the original on September 29, 2013. Retrieved February 6, 2013.
- ^ "Blinkx Receives U.S. Patent Grant for Moving Thumbnails Technology". PR Newswire. January 26, 2012. Archived from the original on October 24, 2013. Retrieved February 6, 2013.
- ^ "Blinkx Opens up Beta of Next-gen Video Search and Discovery Site". ConnectedWorld.tv. September 18, 2012. Archived from the original on May 15, 2013.
- ^ "Blinkx's Next Generation Video Search and Discovery Site Goes Global With Full Availability". PR Newswire. January 22, 2013. Archived from the original on January 25, 2013. Retrieved February 7, 2013.
- ^ "Blinkx Closes Acquisition of Rhythm NewMedia Inc". PR Newswire. December 12, 2013. Archived from the original on December 17, 2021. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
- ^ "Blinkx Acquires Website Owner All Media Network For Undisclosed Amount". London South East. April 16, 2015. Archived from the original on May 5, 2015. Retrieved May 4, 2015.
- ^ "Blinkx unifies brands as RhythmOne » Digital TV Europe". www.digitaltveurope.net. Archived from the original on August 30, 2023. Retrieved July 10, 2017.
- ^ "Blinkx Changes Name To RhythmOne To Align Brand With". MorningstarUK. June 16, 2016. Archived from the original on August 26, 2017. Retrieved July 10, 2017.
- ^ Brent, Wistrom (December 5, 2016). "An Austin Mobile Rewards Company is Getting Acquired". Austin Inno. Retrieved July 10, 2017.[permanent dead link ]
- ^ "RhythmOne buys YuMe for $185 million - MarTech Today". MarTech Today. September 5, 2017. Archived from the original on April 23, 2019. Retrieved June 5, 2018.
- ^ "Taptica and RhythmOne set out to create new force in programmatic advertising". Proactiveinvestors UK. February 1, 2019. Archived from the original on March 18, 2023. Retrieved March 25, 2022.
- ^ "Whois Record for AMg.com". WHOIS. Archived from the original on September 16, 2018. Retrieved March 11, 2016.
- ^ "AMG FAQs". AllGame. All Media Guide, LLC. Archived from the original on May 26, 2005. Retrieved October 26, 2024.
- ^ "All Media Network, LLC". LinkedIn. Archived from the original on August 30, 2023. Retrieved February 27, 2014.
- ^ a b c d "Digital Entertainment Veterans Launch 'All Media Network' to Perfect Digital Media Discovery". MarketWatch. December 3, 2013. Archived from the original on March 2, 2014. Retrieved February 27, 2014.
- ^ "About Us - RhythmOne". www.rhythmone.com. Archived from the original on August 30, 2023. Retrieved January 15, 2019.
- ^ a b Wolf, Gary (February 1994). "All Music". Wired. Retrieved February 27, 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g Bowe, Brian J. (January 24, 2007). "Make it or Break it". Metro Times. Archived from the original on February 21, 2008. Retrieved February 27, 2014.
- ^ "about". The All Music Guide. Archived from the original on February 2, 2001. Retrieved July 3, 2022.
- ^ "Alliance Entertainment". aent.com. Archived from the original on May 24, 2006. Retrieved July 3, 2022.
- ^ "Sonia Braga: Biography". Movies. Yahoo!. Baseline StudioSystems and AllMovie. Archived from the original on May 14, 2006. Retrieved July 3, 2022.
- ^ "Macrovision Agrees to Acquire All Media Guide Holdings, Inc" (Press release). BusinessWire. November 6, 2007. Archived from the original on January 2, 2013. Retrieved November 6, 2007.
- ^ "Macrovision Corporation, acquired All Media Guide Holdings, Inc". Mandasoft. December 17, 2007. Archived from the original on March 13, 2013. Retrieved June 18, 2012.
- ^ "Rovi Corporation Reports Second Quarter 2013 Financial Performance". Rovi Corporation. July 31, 2013. Archived from the original on March 18, 2016. Retrieved February 27, 2014.
- ^ a b Zac, Johnson (September 2013). "What's the Story on Rovi". Archived from the original on May 2, 2014. Retrieved February 27, 2014.
- ^ "allgame". AllGame. Archived from the original on November 15, 2014. Retrieved November 15, 2014.
- ^ "Introducing RhythmOneBlog - RhythmOne". www.rhythmone.com. Archived from the original on August 30, 2023. Retrieved January 15, 2019.
- ^ "BLINKX ACQUIRES ALL MEDIA NETWORK, LLC - Newsroom - RhythmOne". investor.rhythmone.com. Archived from the original on November 3, 2017. Retrieved January 15, 2019.
- ^ "AllMusic FAQ". All Media Network, LLC. Archived from the original on October 30, 2020. Retrieved March 29, 2014.
©2014 AllMusic, a division of All Media Network, LLC
- ^ "The Story of AllMusic, the Internet's Largest, Most Influential Music Database". Motherboard. September 24, 2016. Archived from the original on April 4, 2019. Retrieved December 6, 2017.
- ^ "What About TV Information". AllMovie. Archived from the original on October 30, 2020. Retrieved February 27, 2014.
- ^ "AllMovie". All Media Network, LLC. Archived from the original on October 30, 2020. Retrieved March 29, 2014.
©2014 AllMovie, a division of All Media Network, LLC
- ^ "AllGame FAQs". AllGame. All Media Network, LLC. Archived from the original on December 9, 2014. Retrieved March 29, 2014.
- ^ a b "Farewell..." AllGame. Archived from the original on December 12, 2014. Retrieved July 27, 2017.
- ^ "About SideReel". All Media Network, LLC. Archived from the original on March 28, 2014. Retrieved March 29, 2014.
© 2014 SideReel, a division of All Media Network, LLC
- ^ "ALLMUSIC". musicminder.com. Archived from the original on March 4, 2014. Retrieved February 27, 2014.
- ^ Bruno, Antony (February 28, 2011). "AllMusic.com Folding Into AllRovi.com for One-Stop Entertainment Shop". Billboard. Retrieved February 27, 2014.
- ^ "Benjamin G. Edelman - Faculty". Harvard Business School. Archived from the original on August 30, 2023. Retrieved March 27, 2015.
- ^ Benjamin, Edelman (January 30, 2014). "The Darker Side of Blinkx". Archived from the original on August 30, 2023. Retrieved March 27, 2015.
- ^ "Acquisition of Prime Visibility Media Group, Inc. by Blinkx PLC and Trading statement". blinkx. November 9, 2011. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved March 27, 2015.
- ^ "Annual Report and Financial Statements for the Period Ended 31 March 2010" (PDF). Blinkx plc. p. 38. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 27, 2015. Retrieved March 27, 2015.
- ^ blinkx plc (March 31, 2014). "COMPREHENSIVE RESPONSE TO RECENT SHARE PRICE VOLATILITY" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on February 16, 2015. Retrieved March 27, 2015.
- ^ Ken, Smith (April 26, 2009). "Blinkx Acquired 100% of Zango's Assets". Confessions of a Would-Be Theologian. Archived from the original on April 30, 2009. Retrieved March 27, 2015.
- ^ Peter, Cohan (February 3, 2014). "Harvard Prof's Blog Post Slashes Blinkx Stock Price 21%". Forbes. Archived from the original on August 30, 2023. Retrieved March 27, 2015.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on August 28, 2021. Retrieved March 13, 2017.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Mark, Scott (January 31, 2014). "Critic of Online Ad Firm Blinkx Is Part of the Controversy". Bits. New York Times. Archived from the original on April 11, 2015. Retrieved March 27, 2015.
- ^ Benjamin, Edelman (April 9, 2014). "Blinkx Adware Revisited: Installation and Operation". Archived from the original on March 23, 2015. Retrieved March 28, 2015.
- ^ "Zango 180solutions Decision and Order" (PDF). Federal Trade Commission. 2007. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 12, 2014. Retrieved March 28, 2015.
- ^ Benjamin Edelman; Wesley Brandi (April 9, 2014). "Blinkx Adware Revisited: Installation and Operation: Defrauding Affiliate Merchants". Archived from the original on March 23, 2015. Retrieved March 28, 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f "Leadership at RhythmOne". www.rhythmone.com. April 26, 2018. Archived from the original on June 6, 2017. Retrieved July 10, 2017.