S. S. Balan

S. Balasubramanian (28 December 1935 – 19 December 2014), better known as S. S. Balan, was an Indian journalist, filmmaker, political analyst, and media personality, as well as an aviculturalist and agriculturalist. He worked within the Indian media sector over six decades having been at the helm of Ananda Vikatan magazine as editor and managing director as well as managing director of Gemini Studios since 1956. He was the son of media baron S. S. Vasan. He was the chairman emeritus of the Vikatan Group having retired from active involvement at the helm of the media conglomerate.

S. Balasubramanian
Born	S. Balasubramanian (1935-12-28)28 December 1935 Chennai, India
Died	19 December 2014(2014-12-19) (aged 78) Chennai, India
Occupation	Journalist, filmmaker & political analyst
Nationality	Indian

Early life and education

Born on 28 December 1935 in Madras, Balan grew up studying in Presentation Convent, Church Park and P.S. High School before completion of his B.Com. at Loyola College in Madras. Born to S. S. Vasan and Pattammal Vasan, Balan was the second child and only son, with an older sister named Lakshmi Narayani. The family lived on Edward Eliots Road that later became Radhakrishnan Salai in a heritage home which was now converted to an office building. Dominated by the growth of cinema and media, Balan was groomed to take on the mantle of running the Gemini and Vikatan companies owned by his father. He was made the joint managing director at 19 on 26 August 1956. Balan worked alongside his father and later took over the media empire after his father’s death on 26 August 1969.

Magazine career

Ananda Vikatan, the flagship weekly magazine of Vasan Publications, was founded in 1926 and bought in 1928 by S. S. Vasan. It is one of the top-ranked publications in Tamil and also one of the oldest vernacular magazines in the world with around half a million readers. In the eight decades of family ownership, Vikatan rose to prominence across the Tamil speaking populations and also identified, introduced and nurtured some of the finest talent in Indian media, literature and arts. Balan has the distinction of having been the editor, publisher and managing director of the group for 50 years before retiring in 2006 to become the chairman emeritus of the group. Balan entered Ananda Vikatan as joint managing director and joint chief editor on 26 August 1956 and became managing director of the organization on 26 August 1969 on the death of his father S. S. Vasan. Due to his position as managing director of both Ananda Vikatan and Gemini Studios, he earned the moniker "M.D." amongst Chennai media circles in the 1970s.

It was under his leadership that some of the finest achievements of the group happened, including the creation of Junior Vikatan, a magazine in investigative journalism. Junior Vikatan is a bi-weekly publication that focuses on crime, politics, and other topics. It has covered many cases, like the Auto Shankar serial killings and others. The magazine is known for its stand as a watchdog over events occurring in the state. His guidance took the magazines from height to height and an achievement of his that galvanized the entire global media fraternity behind him was when the Privileges Committee of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly ordered him to be sent to prison for publishing a cartoon satire on the front cover of Ananda Vikatan in 1987. As editor, he took on the act of the Tamil Nadu Legislature in court and, in a historical judgement, won a case against the state legislature. He continued to fight for the freedom of the press and expression throughout his tenure as editor. Ananda Vikatan also championed many social causes powerfully. It became one of the first media houses to refuse to print advertisements of tobacco products and cigarettes in the 1980s when it was first proved that smoking caused cancer even before this was legally required. These were personal initiatives by Balan who has inspired many to walk on the path of charity and service without advertisement – one of those he inspired was the philanthropist and social worker Kalyana Sundaram.

Contributing to Tamil journalism, Balan created a mentorship program for student journalists and had helped bring many generations of media professionals into the field by his guidance. He was widely known and respected by the media fraternity for having been a mentor to senior editors, journalists, media professionals, writers etc. and having encouraged, assisted and funded the growth of a large number of other media organizations and publications such as helping his friend Cho Ramaswamy launch Thuglak magazine. He had also maintained a record of non-alignment and a policy of objectivity in all spheres to maintain a bold stand in the media without obligations, shying away from personal publicity. S Balan mentored various writers in Tamil such as Manian, Sivashankari, Sujatha, Balakumaran, Crazy Mohan, Madhan, Rajesh Kumar and more. He has inspired many people with his ideals, values, convictions and opinions. Vikatan also publishes books and now is a group that puts out nine magazines in Tamil and was one of the first in the country to adopt computerised typesetting and to go digital. An achievement was the publication of the Tamil version of the concise Encyclopædia Britannica. However, after Balasubramanian stepped down from the editorial position of the group at 70, the content of the magazines and altered presentation has come under flak from its readers. Yet, it is commendable that the magazine has survived for more than eight decades, specifically with the stabilizing influence and dynamism of Balan's leadership for over fifty years that has allowed it to reinvent itself.

Novels

S.S. Balan wrote novels and serial stories under the pen name Sevarkodiyon, expamples include Un Kannil Neer Vazhindhaal and Pesum Porchitthirame. A devoted fan of Bharathiyar, many of his novels' titles were from lines of Subramanya Bharathi's poetry. Most of his plots revolved around love-triangles.

Film career

Being handed the reins of the Gemini Studios, Gemini Picture Circuit, Ananda Vikatan, Gemini Color Lab and others, needed him to steer many speeding horses. Gemini Studios, was one of the most advanced film studios in Asia, organized along the lines of Hollywood with its productions hitting the mark all over India breaking language barriers. The Gemini Picture Circuit reigned as the biggest distributors of films in India during the 1950s and 1960s. The Gemini Color Lab was one of the most successful labs in South Asia and only the second one after Kodak's Lab in Bombay at the time.

The Gemini-Vikatan umbrella was one of the earliest media organizations that sought to be professionally managed and the first instance of a vertically integrated organization in Asia. Initially, as joint managing director along with his father S. S. Vasan and later as managing director of the media empire, Balan wrote, produced and directed more than 30 films in six languages. The film he first worked on and scripted was the Hindi film Grihasti in 1955 starring Ashok Kumar. This was later remade in Tamil as Motor Sundaram Pillai starring Shivaji Ganesan along with an ensemble cast and was the directorial debut of Balan.

Some of the films he made not only were successful, but they also went on to establish the careers of many new talents introduced into the film industry such as Amitabh Bachchan (his first starring role in the unsuccessful) Sanjog, Jayalalitha (Motor Sundaram Pillai), Ravichandran (Motor Sundaram Pillai), Rajesh Khanna (Aurat), Shivakumar (Motor Sundaram Pillai) etc. to name a few. Leading the cause for industry status recognition in the country for films, Vasan and Balan resolved to decline cash dealings in film/media production to bring in transparency at a time when it was unheard of at the time.

When the studio system itself came under siege in the late 1960s, Mr. Balan pioneered independent film financing and helped many filmmakers establish themselves outside the studios by providing guidance, production design and packages to assist them. He ran the media empire while his father, S.S. Vasan, who was nominated to the Rajya Sabha as a member of parliament from 1964 until his death in 1969, focused on his parliamentary duties in Delhi. In the mid-1970s, the failure of his magnum opus in four languages (Hindi, Tamil and Telugu) titled Ellorum Nallavare precipitated the shut down of the Gemini Studios. In the early 1980s with the decline of the studio system, Balan sought to focus on publishing and sold the film company and its assets while retaining Vasan Publications/Ananda Vikatan. One of the last films directed by him was Nishan in Bengali starring Uttam Kumar in 1978. As producer, writer and director, films made by S. S. Balan include, Grihasti, Gharana, Aurat, Motor Sundaram Pillai, Nishan (1978 film), Olivilakku, Teen Bahuraniyan, Lakhon Mein Ek, Sanjog, Shatranj, Siriththu Vaazha Vendum, Nishaan, Maadaivam and Ellorum Nallavare. He has directed and worked on films with many top actors in India across Tamil, Hindi, Telugu, Kannada and Bengali, including MGR, NTR, Shivaji Ganesan, Muthuraman, Raj Kumar, Rajendra Kumar, Prithviraj Kapoor, Mehmood, Amitabh Bacchan and Rajesh Khanna.

Other

Balasubramanian has also scored many accomplishments in other fields. A passion for agriculture and farming led to the pursuit of this for over six decades and setting up of Gemini Farms in Padappai. Notably, his personal agricultural pursuit has included an international exposure and association with the farms under him being categorized model farms that have routinely tested new crop varieties for companies. His penchant for meticulous detail, logical innovativeness and management, filter down to the very last of his employees and even the Planning Commission of India has at various times studied his highly productive and practical methods for bringing in the next wave of green revolution. Balasubramanian also created the Gemini Agro Technical Educational (GATE) Foundation that brings farmers from across regions to his farms to study agricultural techniques for free.

An animal, fish and bird enthusiast, Balan was a breeder consistently breaking records and was one of the eminent aviculturists and bird breeders in the world. He maintained one of the largest bird farms in South Asia, Gemini Bird Farm, set in the Padappai region with a variety of exotic birds and parrots. The farm regularly donates birds to the Chennai zoo. A specialty of his breeding is of color mutations of ring neck parrots, palm cockatoos (endangered species and notoriously difficult to breed), macaws and more.

Personal life

Balan was married to Saroja Balan and they had seven children, six daughters and one son, B. Srinivasan who is now the managing director of the Vikatan Group. His mother, Pattamal Vasan continued to be a dominant force in his life until her demise in 1996. He died in December 2014 at the age of 78 of a heart attack, survived by wife, five daughters, son and grandchildren. S.S.Balan has a bird sanctuary at Padappai.