Sadao Munemori (Japanese: 旨森 貞夫,[1] August 17, 1922 – April 5, 1945) was a United States Army soldier[2] and posthumous recipient of the Medal of Honor, after he sacrificed his life to save those of his fellow soldiers at Seravezza, Italy during World War II.[3][4]
Sadao Munemori | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Nickname(s) | Spud |
| Born | August 17, 1922 Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
| Died | April 5, 1945 (aged 22) Killed in action at Seravezza, Italy |
| Place of burial | |
| Allegiance |  United States of America |
| Service |  United States Army |
| Years of service | 1942–1945 |
| Rank |  Private First Class |
| Unit | US Army 100th Infantry Battalion |
| Battles / wars | World War II |
| Awards | Medal of Honor |
Munemori was a private first class in the United States Army, in Company A, 100th Infantry Battalion, 442nd Regimental Combat Team.[5] For his actions, when the 442nd was part of the 92d Infantry Division, he was the only Japanese American to be awarded the Medal of Honor during or immediately after World War II.[6]
Early life
editMunemori was born in Los Angeles, California to Japanese immigrant parents Kametaro and Nawa Munemori.[7] He was a Nisei, a second generation Japanese American.[8] He grew up in the suburb of Glendale and graduated from Abraham Lincoln Senior High School in 1940 before becoming an auto mechanic.[7]
Soldier
editMunemori had volunteered for the U.S. Army in November 1941, one month before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, and he was inducted in February 1942.[2][9] Along with all other Japanese American soldiers, he was soon after demoted to 4-C class, removed from combat training and assigned to menial labor.[7] While he was transferred to a series of Midwestern and Southern army bases (eventually winding up at Camp Savage, Minnesota), his parents and siblings were incarcerated at Manzanar.[2]
When Japanese American soldiers were allowed to reenter active service in March 1943, Munemori volunteered to be part of the all-Nisei 442nd Regimental Combat Team.[10] This segregated army unit was made up entirely of Japanese Americans, with most initial recruits coming from Hawaii.[11] The unit began as the 100th Infantry, initially listed as a separate battalion, and fought as part of the 133rd Infantry Regiment within the 34th Infantry Division. After the Allied capture of Rome, the battalion withdrew from the front and became the 1st Battalion of the 442nd RCT.[12] Munemori was sent to Camp Shelby in January 1944 and, after completing his combat training three months later, joined the 100th Battalion in the European Theater. Fighting in Italy and France, he participated in the rescue of the Lost Battalion before arriving on the Gothic Line, where he was killed in action saving the lives of two of his comrades.[7]
In 1990s, the awards issued to 442nd soldiers were reviewed after two studies revealed that racial discrimination had caused some to be overlooked, and twenty-one soldiers' Distinguished Service Crosses were upgraded to Medals of Honor.[13]
Awards and decorations
editSadao "Spud" Munemori received these awards during World War II:
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Medal of Honor citation
editRank and organization: Private First Class, U.S. Army, Company A, 100th Infantry Battalion, 442d Combat Team. Place and date: Near Seravezza, Italy, 5 April 1945. Entered service at: Los Angeles, Calif Birth: Los Angeles, Calif. G.O. No.. 24, 7 March 1946.
"The President of the United States of America, in the name of Congress, takes pride in presenting the Medal of Honor (Posthumously) to Private First Class Sadao S. Munemori (ASN: 39019023), United States Army, for conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity in action above and beyond the call of duty while serving with Company A, 100th Infantry Battalion, 442d Regimental Combat Team, attached to the 92d Infantry Division, in action against the enemy on 5 April 1945. Private First Class Munemori fought with great gallantry and intrepidity near Seravezza, Italy. When his unit was pinned down by grazing fire from the enemy's strong mountain defense and command of the squad devolved on him with the wounding of its regular leader, he made frontal, one-man attacks through direct fire and knocked out two machine guns with grenades. Withdrawing under murderous fire and showers of grenades from other enemy emplacements, he had nearly reached a shell crater occupied by two of his men when an unexploded grenade bounced on his helmet and rolled toward his helpless comrades. He arose into the withering fire, dived for the grenade, and smothered its blast with his body. By his swift, supremely heroic action Private First Class Munemori saved two of his men at the cost of his own life and did much to clear the path for his company's victorious advance."[14]
Namesakes
edit- The interchange between the I-105 and I-405 freeways in Los Angeles is labeled the "Sadao S. Munemori Memorial Interchange."[4][15][16]
- USAT Private Sadao S. Munemori is a reserved name in the U.S. Army, and was used as the name of a troop ship, USNS Private Sadao S. Munemori (T-AP-190), between October 31, 1947, and the 1970s.[4][17]
- Sadao S. Munemori Hall, a building located on the grounds of the Captain Nelson M. Holderman U.S. Army Reserve Center in West Los Angeles, California, was dedicated in his honor in 1993.[4][18]
- Sadao Munemori is memorialized by a statue in Pietrasanto Italy.[4][19][20]
- American Legion Post 321 in Los Angeles is named for Sadao Munemori.[16][21]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Page 1ーYuta Nippō, 1948.03.26 - Hoji Shinbun Digital Collection
- ^ a b c Tamashiro, Ben H. (1985-03-15). "The Congressional Medal of Honor: Sadao Munemori". The Hawaii Herald, via the Hawaii Nisei Project, University of Hawaii. Retrieved 2012-12-27.
- ^ "Medal of Honor Recipients, World War II (M-S)". US Army Center of Military History. 2011-06-27. Retrieved 2012-12-25.
- ^ a b c d e "Army Historian Tells Java Members About Munemori's Patriotism And Courage". Rafu Shimpo. 2012-11-19. Retrieved 2012-12-26.
- ^ "Munemori, Sadao S." Congressional Medal of Honor Society. 2011. Retrieved 2012-12-07.
- ^ "Military Times: Hall of Valor - Sadao S. Munemori". Military Times. Retrieved 2012-12-25.
- ^ a b c d Niiya, Brian. "Sadao Munemori". Densho Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2014-10-29.
- ^ Niiya, Brian (1993). Japanese American History: An A-To-Z Reference from 1868 to the Present. New York: Japanese American National Museum and Facts On File. p. 241. ISBN 0-8160-2680-7.
- ^ "WWII Army Enlistment Record #39019023 Munemori, Sadao S." U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). 2002-09-30. Retrieved 2012-12-25.
- ^ "Medal of Honor Recipient Private First Class Sadao S. Munemori". Go for Broke National Education Center. Archived from the original on August 13, 2012. Retrieved 2012-12-25.
- ^ "100th Battalion, 442nd Infantry". Global Security. Retrieved 2012-12-25.
- ^ Niiya, Brian. Japanese American History: An A-To-Z Reference from 1868 to the Present. pp. 277–386.
- ^ Williams, Rudi (2010-07-10). "Army Secretary Lionizes 22 World War II Heroes". Associated Press. Retrieved 2012-12-25.
- ^ "Sadao Munemori - Recipient -".
- ^ "California 1993-94 Senate Concurrent Resolution 41". State of California. 1994-09-09. Retrieved 2012-12-07.
- ^ a b Aoyagi-Stom, Caroline (2008-04-18). "A Hometown Honor for Sadao Munemori?". Pacific Citizen. Retrieved 2012-12-25.
- ^ "Army Facility Memorializes WW II Hero". Los Angeles Times. June 13, 1993. Retrieved 2012-12-07.
- ^ Costello, Joyce. "Fellow Soldier's Monument in Pietrasanta". United States Army. Archived from the original on 2012-03-29. Retrieved 2012-12-07.
- ^ Doi, Tonko. "A Trip To Pietransanta" (PDF). The JACLer (September/October 2007). Japanese American Citizens League, Chicago Chapter. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-16. Retrieved 2012-12-27.
- ^ "Post 321 (Sadao Munemori)". Togetherweserved.com, Inc. Retrieved 2012-12-26.
