San Millán de la Cogolla (Spanish pronunciation: [sam miˈʎan de la koˈɣoʎa]) is a sparsely populated municipality in La Rioja, (Spain). The village is famous for its twin monasteries, Yuso and Suso (Monasterio de San Millán de Yuso and Monasterio de San Millán de Suso), which were declared a World Heritage Site in 1997. There were 293 inhabitants registered in 2009, the population having fallen significantly during the twentieth century.
San Millán de la Cogolla | |
|---|---|
 | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  San Millán de la Cogolla Location in La Rioja  San Millán de la Cogolla Location in Spain | |
| Coordinates: 42°10′N 2°52′W / 42.167°N 2.867°W | |
| Country |  Spain |
| Autonomous community |  La Rioja |
| Province | La Rioja |
| Comarca | Nájera |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | María Pilar Mendoza Martínez (PSOE) |
| Area | |
• Total | 31.19 km2 (12.04 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 728 m (2,388 ft) |
| Population (2018)[1] | |
• Total | 222 |
| • Density | 7.1/km2 (18/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Emilianenses |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 26326 |
| Website | http://www.sanmillandelacogolla.es |
Etymology and local languages
editIn a papal bull from 1199 where Privileges were granted to the monasteries of San Millán de la Cogolla it appears with the name Coculla, which comes from the Latin word cuculla, small hill, hilltop; this word is typically used for high sites and those of defensive nature, coming from the times of the Reconquista.[2] The other part of the name is taken from a 6th-century saint (Saint Emilianus or San Millán) who lived here.
San Millán has a claim to being the birthplace of the Spanish language.[3] This claim is based on its monasteries being the home of a medieval manuscript which contains the Glosas Emilianenses, and is reinforced by the proximity of the village to Berceo which is associated with Gonzalo de Berceo, the first Spanish poet known by name.
The area is now Spanish-speaking, but some of the local place-names are of Basque origin, and the Glosas Emilianenses, provides evidence that in medieval times Basque was spoken alongside an early form of Spanish.[4]
History
editIn medieval times the monastery had a large estate.[5] and benefited from being on one of the variants of the Camino de Santiago.
The monastery and the surrounding area suffered in the civil war between Peter of Castile and Henry II of Castile which involved a major confrontation nearby, the Battle of Nájera (April 1371). Those affected included the small Jewish community (aljama) of San Millán. In 1369 Henry II of Castile made an order in their favour, "the Christian men and women and the Moorish men and women" should immediately discharge all their debts to the Jews, "that the last-named might be able to pay their taxes the more promptly." On September 10, 1371, however, the king released the abbot and all the monks of San Millán from whatever debts they had contracted with the Jews since the Battle of Nájera.[6]
Politics
edit| Term | Mayor | Political Party |
|---|---|---|
| 1979–1983 | Santiago Lerena Alesanco | UCD |
| 1983–1987 | Santiago Lerena Alesanco | AP |
| 1987–1991 | Millán Ángel Baltanás Lorenzo | PSOE |
| 1991–1995 | Millán Ángel Baltanás Lorenzo | PSOE |
| 1995–1999 | Eladio Cañas Ureta | PR |
| 1999–2003 | Eladio Cañas Ureta | PP |
| 2003–2007 | Eladio Cañas Ureta | PP |
| 2007–2011 | María Pilar Mendoza Martínez | PSOE |
| 2011–2015 | María Pilar Mendoza Martínez | PSOE |
| 2015–2019 | Raquel Fernández Tejerina | PP |
| 2019–2023 | n/d | n/d |
| 2023– | n/d | n/d |
Notable people
editSee also
editReferences
edit- ^ Municipal Register of Spain 2018. National Statistics Institute.
- ^ Ranz Yubero, José Antonio; López de los Mozos, José Ramón (2002). "Topónimos riojanos del patrimonio emilianense en una bula de 1199. (Archivo de San Millán M. 41-52)". Berceo (in Spanish) (142): 65–76. ISSN 0210-8550.
- ^ San Millán Foundation
- ^ (in Spanish) Glosas en vascuence article by Juan Ángel Nieto Viguera on the Basque glosses
- ^ Álvarez Carbajal. "The Digital Edition of the Becerro Galicano de San Millán de la Cogolla (review)". RIDE. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
- ^ San Millan
External links
edit- Official website of the monastery of San Millán
- Explore the San Millán Yuso and Suso Monasteries (La Rioja, Spain) in the UNESCO collection on Google Arts and Culture
- The Art of medieval Spain, A.D. 500-1200, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on San Millán de la Cogolla (see index)