Sanpaku gan (三白眼; Chinese: 三白眼; pinyin: Sānbáiyǎn) or sanpaku (三白) is a Japanese term meaning "three whites", most often used in English to refer to a folk belief according to which the visibility of the sclera above or under the irises has various meanings as an omen or symptom in alternative medicine.[1][2] It was introduced into English by George Ohsawa in the mid-1960s as a condition supposedly cured by his macrobiotic method.[3]
History
editAccording to traditional Chinese and Japanese face reading, the eye is composed of two parts, the yin (black, iris and pupil) and the yang (white, sclera). The visibility of the sclera beneath the iris is said to represent physical imbalance in the body, and is claimed to be present in alcoholics, drug addicts, and people who over-consume sugar or grain.[4][5] Conversely, the visibility of the upper sclera is said to be an indication of mental imbalance in people such as psychotics, murderers, and anyone rageful. In either condition, it is believed that these people attract accidents and violence.[3]
In August 1963, George Ohsawa, an advocate for macrobiotics, predicted that President John F. Kennedy would experience great danger because of his sanpaku condition.[6][7]
In 1965, Ohsawa, assisted by William Dufty, wrote You Are All Sanpaku, which offers the following perspective on the condition:
For thousands of years, people of the Far East have been looking into each other's eyes for signs of this dreaded condition. Any sign of sanpaku meant that a man's entire system — physical, physiological and spiritual — was out of balance. He had committed sins against the order of the universe and he was therefore sick, unhappy, insane, what the West has come to call "accident prone". The condition of sanpaku is a warning, a sign from nature, that one's life is threatened by an early and tragic end.[3]
According to Ohsawa, this condition could be treated by a macrobiotic diet emphasizing brown rice and soybeans.[3]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b Stalker, Nancy (2009). "The Globalisation of Macrobiotics as Culinary Tourism and Culinary Nostalgia". Asian Medicine. 5 (1): 2–7. doi:10.1163/157342109X568919. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
- ^ Evans, T. B., A Dictionary of Japanese Loanwords (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1997), p. 150
- ^ a b c d Nyoiti Sakurazawa, William Dufty translator (1965) You Are All Sanpaku, p. 70, Citadel Press ISBN 0-8065-0728-4
- ^ Adams, Cecil (1 April 2016). "What Causes Sanpaku Eyes?". Washington City Paper. Retrieved 12 May 2024.
- ^ Bridges, Lillian (2012) Face Reading in Chinese Medicine, page 166, Elsevier Health Sciences
- ^ Tom Wolfe (18 August 1963) "Kennedy to Bardot, Too Much Sanpaku", New York Herald Tribune
- ^ Kushi, Michio and Jack, Alex (1987) The Book of Macrobiotics: The Universal Way of Health, Happiness, and Peace, page 295, Japan Publications
External links
edit- Sanpaku - The Skeptic's Dictionary