Sardinops is a monotypic genus of sardines of the family Alosidae. The only member of the genus is Sardinops sagax. It is found in the Indo-Pacific and East Pacific oceans. Its length is up to 40 cm (16 in). It has numerous common or vernacular names, some of which more appropriately refer to subspecies, including blue pilchard, Australian pilchard (S. s. neopilchardus), blue-bait, Californian pilchard (S. s. caeruleus), Peruvian Pacific sardine (S. s. sagax), South American pilchard, Chilean sardine (S. s. sagax), Japanese pilchard (S. s. melanostictus), Pacific sardine, and Southern African pilchard (S. s. ocellatus).
| Sardinops | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Clupeiformes |
| Family: | Alosidae |
| Genus: | Sardinops C. L. Hubbs, 1929 |
| Species: | S. sagax
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| Binomial name | |
| Sardinops sagax (Jenyns, 1842)
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South Australian sardine fishery
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The South Australian sardine fishery _targets Sardinops sagax and is the highest yielding single species fishery in Australia by volume.[3] The fishery employs the technique of purse seining, which contributes to the sardines' status as sustainable.[4][5] Schools of sardines are encircled by a net up to 1 kilometre in length which is then drawn closed at the bottom. The catch is then pumped on board the fishing vessel where it is stored in refrigerated holds at below freezing temperatures. 94% of the catch is used as feed in Southern bluefin tuna ranching operations off Port Lincoln, South Australia.[6][7] The remaining 6% of the catch serves human consumption, recreational fishing bait and premium pet food markets.[8]
The industry commenced in South Australia in 1991 with an annual catch quota of 1,000 metric tons (980 long tons; 1,100 short tons). In 2003, the fishery's annual quota was set at 36,000 metric tons (35,000 long tons; 40,000 short tons).[9] By 2014, the annual quota had increased to 38,000 metric tons (37,000 long tons; 42,000 short tons).[10] The fishery's total landed catch peaked at 56,952 metric tons (56,053 long tons; 62,779 short tons) in the financial year 2004-05 stabilising at around 32,000 metric tons (31,000 long tons; 35,000 short tons) per year thereafter.
A key area of concern for industry compliance in 2004 was quota evasion. Quota evasion had previously occurred in several forms: unloading catch directly to tuna farms, failing to report prior to unloading catch and dumping excess catch at sea.[9]
Gallery
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A school of S. sagax in the Open Sea exhibit at Monterey Bay Aquarium -
Pacific sardines in the Sunshine Aquarium
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Catch of Pacific sardines -
Pacific sardines are blue-green on the back and have white flanks with one to three lengthwise rows of dark spots.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Gaughan, D.; Di Dario, F.; Hata, H. (2019) [errata version of 2018 assessment]. "Sardinops sagax". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T183347A143831586. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T183347A143831586.en. Retrieved 22 September 2021.
- ^ "Fisheries and Aquaculture - Global Production". Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Retrieved 2024-05-06.
- ^ Ward, Timothy; Smart, J.; Grammer, G.; Ivey, A.; McGarvey, R. (2020-01-01). Stock assessment of Australian Sardine (Sardinops sagax) off South Australia 2019 (Report). University Of Tasmania.
- ^ "Australian Sardine 2020". fish.gov.au. Retrieved 2024-02-14.
- ^ Ward, Tim M.; Wolfe, Barrett W.; Grammer, Gretchen L.; Ivey, Alex R.; King, Edward; Schiller, Andreas; McDonald, Karlie S.; Dambacher, Jeffrey M. (2023-09-01). "Large sardine resource discovered off south-eastern Australia: Potential risks, challenges and benefits of establishing a new fishery". Marine Policy. 155: 105739. Bibcode:2023MarPo.15505739W. doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2023.105739. ISSN 0308-597X.
- ^ Ward, Timothy; Smart, J.; Grammer, G.; Ivey, A.; McGarvey, R. (2020-01-01). Stock assessment of Australian Sardine (Sardinops sagax) off South Australia 2019 (Report). University Of Tasmania.
- ^ Ward, Tim M.; Wolfe, Barrett W.; Grammer, Gretchen L.; Ivey, Alex R.; King, Edward; Schiller, Andreas; McDonald, Karlie S.; Dambacher, Jeffrey M. (2023-09-01). "Large sardine resource discovered off south-eastern Australia: Potential risks, challenges and benefits of establishing a new fishery". Marine Policy. 155: 105739. Bibcode:2023MarPo.15505739W. doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2023.105739. ISSN 0308-597X.
- ^ "Sardines". South Australian Sardine Industry Association. Retrieved 2015-04-26.
- ^ a b Ecological Assessment of South Australian Pilchard Fishery (PDF). South Australia: Primary Industries and Resources South Australia (PIRSA). 2004. pp. 23–24.
- ^ Neindorf, Brooke (2014-11-26). "Catch increase for South Australian sardine fishers". Rural. ABC. Retrieved 2015-04-26.
- Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Sardinops sagax". FishBase. May 2006 version.
- Ayling, Tony; Cox, Geoffrey J. (1982). Collins Guide to the Sea Fishes of New Zealand. Collins. ISBN 978-0-00-216987-5.
External links
edit- Photos of Sardinops on Sealife Collection
- Australian Sardine @ Fishes of Australia