Sextus Appuleius is the name of four figures during the 1st century BC and 1st century AD. The first Sextus Appuleius was married to Octavia Major, the elder half-sister of Augustus. The three subsequent figures named Sextus Appuleius are respectively the son, grandson and great-grandson of Sextus Appuleius (I) and Octavia Major.[1]
Sextus Appuleius I (husband of Octavia Major)
editDate of his birth and death are unknown.
He married Octavia Major, the elder half-sister of Augustus, by whom he had at least one son, also named Sextus Appuleius (II). It is postulated that he had a second son, Marcus Appuleius, the consul of 20 BC.[2]
It is possible that this Sextus Appuleius was Flamen Iulialis.[3][4][5]
Sextus Appuleius II (consul 29 BC)
editSextus Appuleius II was son of the above and Octavia Major, the elder half-sister of Augustus.[1] The year of his birth is uncertain, but, based the date of his consulship, was probably very close to 60 BC.
This Sextus Appuleius achieved a number of notable offices during the regime of his half-uncle. He was ordinary consul with Augustus in 29 BC. He then served as proconsul of Hispania in 28 BC, then as proconsul of Asia 23-22 BC. As a result of some unspecified event during this proconsulship he was granted a Roman Triumph in January 26 BC.[6]
He seems also to have served as governor of Illyricum in 8 BC, succeeding Tiberius in that post.[6] He was a member of the college of augurs.[7]
It is likely that this Sextus Appuleius, and not his father, was Flamen Iulialis.[3][5][8] It is also just possible that the son succeeded the father to the post (as did the father and son Lentulus Maluginensis to the post of Flamen Dialis).
It has been proposed that the middle-aged flamen on the Ara Pacis is this Sextus Appuleius in his role as Flamen Iulialis.[9][10]
According to an inscription in the province of Asia,[11] he had married a woman named Quinctilia, who was a sister to the Roman politician and general Publius Quinctilius Varus.[12] By her, he had a son, also named Sextus Appuleius, and a daughter, Appuleia Varilla.[6]
The date of his death is unknown.
Sextus Appuleius III (consul AD 14)
editSextus Appuleius III was the son of the previous and Quinctilia. This Sextus Appuleius was also a half-great-nephew of Augustus via his father.
His career is largely unknown, except that he became ordinary consul in the year 14.[13] It was during his consulship that Augustus died and was succeeded by Tiberius. As a magistrate, Appuleius was the first to swear allegiance to Tiberius.[14]
He was married to Fabia Numantina, a daughter of either Africanus Fabius Maximus, or Paullus Fabius Maximus and Marcia, a maternal cousin of Augustus (daughter of Atia, his aunt, and his step-brother Philippus).[15] Appuleius and Fabia had one son, also named Sextus Appuleius (IV).[12]
It is assumed Appuleius died not long after 14 because he is not mentioned subsequent to his consulship. His death is not recorded by Tacitus in the surviving part of The Annals, suggesting that it occurred during the period covered in the missing portion of book 5 (i.e. AD 30–31) or after book 6 (i.e. after AD 37). He was survived by his wife Fabia Numantina.
Sextus Appuleius IV (great-grandson of Octavia Major)
editThe son of the previous and Fabia Numantina.
He was born sometime in the early 1st century, but died young; his tombstone at Luna,[1][16] set up by his mother, refers to him as "the last of his family" (the Appuleii).[1][12]
Footnotes
edit- ^ a b c d Braund, D., Augustus to Nero: A Source Book on Roman History 31 BC - AD 68 (1985), p. 129 [1]
- ^ Syme, Ronald, Augustan Aristocracy (1989), p. 37
- ^ a b ILS 8963; Carthage
- ^ Pollini, J., 'Ahenobarbi, Appuleii and Some Others on the Ara Pacis', pp. 456-8
- ^ a b Syme, R., Augustan Aristocracy (1989), p. 152
- ^ a b c Syme, R., Augustan Aristocracy (1989), p. 317
- ^ Braund, D., Augustus to Nero: A Source Book on Roman History 31 BC - AD 68 (1985), p. 129 [2]
- ^ Pollini, J., 'Ahenobarbi, Appuleii and Some Others on the Ara Pacis', pp. 457f
- ^ Pollini, J., 'Ahenobarbi, Appuleii and Some Others on the Ara Pacis', p. 458
- ^ "Ara Pacis : Détail des flamines (Paroi nord) :: HAA Rome - (C. Evers)".
- ^ AE 1966, 422
- ^ a b c Syme, R., Augustan Aristocracy (1989), p. 316
- ^ Syme, R., Augustan Aristocracy (1989), p. 318
- ^ Tacitus, Annals I.8
- ^ Syme, R., Augustan Aristocracy (1989), pp. 417f
- ^ ILS 935
References
edit- Tacitus, The Annals of Imperial Rome (Revised Edition) – Translated with an Introduction by Michael Grant, Penguin Books, 1996
- Braund, D.; Augustus to Nero: A Source Book on Roman History 31 BC-AD 68 (Taylor & Francis, 1985) ISBN 0-7099-3206-5, ISBN 978-0-7099-3206-2
- Syme, Ronald; Augustan Aristocracy (Oxford University Press, 1989). ISBN 0-19-814731-7, ISBN 978-0-19-814731-2
- Pollini, John; 'Ahenobarbi, Appuleii and Some Others on the Ara Pacis' from American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 90, No. 4 (Oct., 1986)
- Stern, Gaius; Women, Children, and Senators on the Ara Pacis Augustae (UC Berk dissertation, 2006)
- Tacitus; Annals
- Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae (ILS), (Berlin 1892–1916)
- L'Année épigraphique (AE)