Sima Jun (simplified Chinese: 司马骏; traditional Chinese: 司馬駿;[9] 232 – 2 November 286), courtesy name Zizang (子臧),[10] posthumously known as Prince Wu of Fufeng (扶风武王), was the youngest son of Sima Yi and his concubine Lady Fu, and a younger half-brother of Sima Shi and Sima Zhao. Sima Yi, Sima Shi and Sima Zhao eventually became regents of the Cao Wei state during the Three Kingdoms era. Besides his heritage, Sima Jun was best known for his involvement in the pacification of Tufa Shujineng's Rebellion during the reign of his nephew, Emperor Wu of Jin.
| Sima Jun 司馬骏 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prince of Fufeng (扶风王) | |||||||||
| Reign | 5 October 277[1] – 2 November 286 | ||||||||
| Successor | Sima Chang[2] | ||||||||
| Prince of Ruyin (汝阴王) | |||||||||
| Reign | 9 February 266 – 5 October 277 | ||||||||
| Born | 232[3] | ||||||||
| Died | November 2, 286 (aged 53–54)[4] Luoyang, Henan | ||||||||
| Consort | Lady Zang (mother of Sima Xin[5]) | ||||||||
| Issue | 10 sons, including Sima Chang (司馬畅) and Sima Xin (司馬歆; d. June 303[6])[7] | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| House | House of Sima | ||||||||
| Father | Sima Yi | ||||||||
| Mother | Lady Fu | ||||||||
Life under Cao Wei
editSima Jun was born in 232 during the reign of Cao Rui, as the youngest son of Sima Yi and his concubine Lady Fu; his elder full brothers were Sima Liang, Sima Zhou and Sima Jing (司馬京).[11][12] A precocious child, Sima Jun could write court submissions and quote the classics fluently when he was four or five years old, surprising those who witnessed such acts.[13]
Life during the Jin era
editIn February 266, Sima Zhao's son Sima Yan accepted Cao Huan's abdication and founded the Jin dynasty. Sima Jun was then made Prince of Ruyin on 9 February, with a fiefdom of 10000 households.[14]
In December 268 or January 269, Eastern Wu forces led by Ding Feng and Zhuge Jing attacked Hefei. As General Who Pacifies the East,[15] Sima Jun was able to fend them off.[16]
On 27 August 270,[17] Sima Jun was appointed Grand General Who Guards The West and Chief Controller of Yong, Liang and the other western provinces, and he was tasked in protecting Guanzhong, replacing his elder brother Sima Liang.[18]
After the initial failed attempts of the Jin court at quelling Tufa Shujineng's rebellion, Sima Jun focused his soldiers on agriculture in Guanzhong. In September or October 274, rebels from Liang attacked Jincheng again, but Sima Jun defeated them and killed one of their leaders, Qiwenni (乞文泥).[19] In 275, he campaigned against Shujineng and defeated his forces, killing 3,000 rebels.[20]
Later that year, when Sima Jun was ordered to lead 7,000 soldiers to strengthen the garrison in Liang, Shujineng, Houdanbo (侯彈勃) and their followers planned to raid the military-agricultural colonies in Guanzhong in his absence. However, his subordinate, Wen Yang, led a combined force from Liang, Qin and Yong to threaten the rebels. Shujineng sent Houdanbo and twenty tribesmen to submit to Jin, each sending their sons as hostages. Wen Yang also received the surrender of 200,000 tribal people from Anding, Beidi and Jincheng including the chieftains Jikeluo (吉軻羅), Houjinduo (侯金多) and Rejiong (熱冏).[21][22] In c.June 276, Sima Jun campaigned against the northern "Hu" (北胡) and killed one of their leaders, Tudun (吐敦).[23] About six months later,[24] in c.December, Sima Jun was promoted to Senior General Who Attacks the West.[25]
Death
editIn January 283,[26] Sima You was ordered by Emperor Wu to leave Luoyang for his fiefdom of Qi. Sima Jun petitioned earnestly for Emperor Wu to rescind his order, but Emperor Wu refused. Sima Jun then fell ill, and after a long illness, he died in November 286.[27] After news of his death reached the western regions of the Jin empire, mourners filled the streets, and the locals erected steles for Sima Jun. Elders who saw the steles knelt to pay their respects.[28] His son, Sima Chang (司馬暢; fl.270 - July 311) inherited his princely title; on 22 December 289,[29] he was appointed Prince of Shunyang, while his younger brother Sima Xin was made Duke of Xinye. Sima Chang would later go missing during the Disaster of Yongjia; there were no further records of his activities or whereabouts.[30]
References
edit- ^ ([咸宁三年]八月，癸亥，徙扶风王亮为汝南王，出为镇南大将军，都督豫州诸军事...汝阴王骏在关中，徙封扶风王..) Zizhi Tongjian, vol.80. His elder full brother Sima Liang, the former Prince of Fufeng, was made Prince of Runan on the same day.
- ^ On 22 December 289, Sima Chang's fiefdom was changed to Shunyang. ([太康十年十一月]甲申，...徙扶风王畅为顺阳王...) Jin Shu, vol.03
- ^ Sima Jun was eight (by East Asian reckoning) when Cao Fang became emperor in Jan 239 (齐王芳立，骏年八岁，...) Jin Shu, vol.38.
- ^ ([太康七年]九月戊寅，骠骑将军、扶风王骏薨。) Jin Shu, vol.03; vol.81 of Zizhi Tongjian also gave the same death date.
- ^ (新野庄王歆字弘舒。...母臧太妃薨...) Jin Shu, vol.38
- ^ 5th month of the 2nd year of the Tai'an era, per vol.04 of Jin Shu and vol.85 of Zizhi Tongjian; the month corresponds to 2 to 30 Jun 303 in the Julian calendar.
- ^ (有子十人，畅、歆最知名。) Jin Shu, vol.38
- ^ Jin Shu, vol.38.
- ^ not to be confused with his great-grandfather with a similar name; see Sima Fang for more details.
- ^ (扶风武王骏，字子臧。) Jin Shu, vol.38
- ^ (伏夫人生汝南文成王亮、琅邪武王伷、清惠亭侯京、扶风武王骏，...) Jin Shu, vol.38
- ^ Of Sima Yi's sons, only Sima Shi (first), Sima Liang (fourth) and Sima Lun (ninth) had their birth orders explicitly recorded in Book of Jin. Sima Zhao's biography in the same work also recorded that he was a younger full-brother of Sima Shi. (文皇帝讳昭，字子上，景帝之母弟也。) Jin Shu vol.02. The age order between Sima Gan and Sima Jun is unknown; Gan was also born in 232 as he was 80 (by East Asian reckoning) when he died in Feb 311.
- ^ (幼聪惠，年五六岁能书疏，讽诵经籍，见者奇之。) Jin Shu, vol.38
- ^ ([泰始元年十二月]丁卯，...封皇叔祖父孚为安平王，...骏为汝阴王，...) Jin Shu, vol.03. (武帝践阼，进封汝阴王，邑万户...) Jin Shu, vol.38
- ^ This post is of significance to the Sima clan as Sima Zhao himself had held the post (per vol.76 of Zizhi Tongjian).
- ^ ([泰始四年]十一月，吴丁奉、诸葛靓出芍陂，攻合肥，安东将军汝阴王骏拒却之。) Zizhi Tongjian, vol.79. The month corresponds to 21 Dec 268 to 19 Jan 269 in the Julian calendar.
- ^ ([泰始六年]秋七月...丁未，以汝阴王骏为镇西大将军、都督雍凉二州诸军事。) Jin Shu, vol.03
- ^ (遷鎮西大將軍、使持節、都督雍涼等州諸軍事，代汝南王亮鎮關中，加袞冕侍中之服。) Jin Shu, vol.38
- ^ ([泰始十年]八月，涼州虜寇金城諸郡，鎮西將軍、汝陰王駿討之，斬其帥乞文泥等。) Jin Shu, vol.03. The month corresponds to 18 Sep to 17 Oct 274 in the Julian calendar.
- ^ (咸甯初，羌虜樹機能等叛，遣眾討之，斬三千餘級。) Jin Shu, vol.38
- ^ ([咸寧元年]二月...叛虜樹機能送質請降。) Jin Shu, vol.03. The 2nd month of the 1st year of the Xian'ning era corresponds to 14 Mar to 12 Apr 275 in the Julian calendar.
- ^ (樹機能、侯彈勃等欲先劫佃兵，駿命平虜護軍文俶督涼、秦、雍諸軍各進屯以威之。機能乃遣所領二十部彈勃面縛軍門，各遣入質子。安定、北地、金城諸胡吉軻羅、侯金多及北虜熱冏等二十萬口又來降。) Jin Shu, vol.38
- ^ ([咸宁二年]夏五月，鎮西大將軍、汝陰王駿討北胡，斬其渠帥吐敦。) Jin Shu, vol.03. The month corresponds to 30 May to 28 Jun 276 in the Julian calendar.
- ^ The 2nd year of the Xian'ning era had a leap 9th month.
- ^ ([咸寧二年]冬十月，以汝陰王駿爲征西大將軍...) Jin Shu, vol.03. The month corresponds to 23 Nov to 22 Dec 276 in the Julian calendar.
- ^ Emperor Wu's biography in Book of Jin recorded that Sima You was made da sima, Great General who Stabilizes the East, and chief controller of Qingzhou on 28 January 283. ([太康三年]冬十二月甲申，以司空齐王攸为大司马、督青州诸军事，镇东大将军、...) Jin Shu, vol.03. This was also the last entry to mention You before his death in April that year.
- ^ (及齐王攸出镇，骏表谏恳切，以帝不从，遂发病薨。) Jin Shu, vol.38. Sima You died in April 283, more than three years before Jun's death.
- ^ (西土闻其薨也，泣者盈路，百姓为之树碑，长老见碑无不下拜，其遗爱如此。) Jin Shu, vol.38
- ^ ([太康十年十一月]甲申，...，徙扶風王暢爲順陽王，暢弟歆爲新野公，...) Jin Shu, vol.03;
- ^ (永嘉末，刘聪入洛，不知所终。) Jin Shu, vol.38