The snipe-rail (Capellirallus karamu) is an extinct flightless rail endemic to the North Island of New Zealand. The species' name is derived from the Karamu Cave[2] 21 kilometres (13 mi) from Hamilton[2] where the holotype was discovered in 1954.[2]
| Snipe-rail Temporal range: Late Holocene
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| Holotype from Auckland Museum. | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Gruiformes |
| Family: | Rallidae |
| Genus: | †Capellirallus Falla, 1954 |
| Species: | †C. karamu
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| Binomial name | |
| †Capellirallus karamu Falla, 1954[1]
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Description
editThe snipe-rail was a relatively small rail[3] which had a bill of about 7 cm, very long in proportion to its body size.[3] Its weight was about 240 g.[3] The type material consists of an incomplete skeleton, including vertebrae, a pelvis, and a hind limb.[2] Since the discovery of these remains, many complete skeletons[2] consisting of hundreds of bones[3] have been unearthed on different sites in the North Island.[3] Its evolutionary relationships to other rail species are unclear [3] but the structure of its bones suggests that it might have been a relative of the likewise extinct Chatham rail.[2][3] Relative to its body size, the snipe-rail had the smallest wings of all known rail species.[2][3] It also had a disproportionately large tarsometatarsus.[3]
Habitat and ecology
editThe bone findings were in the western areas of the North Island[3] where wetter, closed-canopy rainforests prevailed.[3] The bird's long bill suggests that it was able to forage by probing in a similar manner to kiwi.[3]
Extinction
editThe exact date of the snipe-rail's extinction is unknown, but it is supposed that the decline began in the 13th century,[3] when the Kiori/Polynesian rat became widespread in New Zealand.[3][4]
References
edit- ^ Falla, R. A. (1954). "A New Rail from Cave Deposits in the North Island of New Zealand". Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum. 4: 241–243. ISSN 0067-0464. JSTOR 42906070. Wikidata Q58676748.
- ^ a b c d e f g Ripley, S. D. (1977): Rails of the World - A Monograph of the Family Rallidae. Boston. ISBN 0-87474-804-6
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Tennyson, A. & Martinson, P. (2006): Extinct Birds of New Zealand; Te Papa Press, Wellington, New Zealand. ISBN 978-0-909010-21-8
- ^ Janet M. Wilmshurst, Atholl J. Anderson, Thomas F. G. Higham, and Trevor H. Worthy (2008). Dating the late prehistoric dispersal of Polynesians to New Zealand using the commensal Pacific rat In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105, pp. 7676-7680.
Further reading
edit- Worthy, Trevor H. & Holdaway, Richard N. : The Lost World of the Moa. Prehistoric Life of New Zealand. Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2002. ISBN 0-253-34034-9
- Scarlett, Ron (1970): The genus Capellirallus In: Notornis (1970) :pp. 303–319. Quarterly Journal of the Ornithological Society of New Zealand.
