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[[Israel]]'s policies and actions in its ongoing [[military occupation|occupation]] and administration of the [[Palestinian territories]] have drawn accusations that it is committing the [[crime of apartheid]]. Leading Palestinian, Israeli and international human rights groups have said that the totality and severity of the human rights violations against the [[Palestinian]] population in the occupied territories, and by some in Israel proper, amount to the [[crime against humanity]] of apartheid. Israel and some of its Western allies have rejected the accusation, with the former
Comparisons between Israel–Palestine and South African [[apartheid]] were prevalent in the mid-1990s and early 2000s.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Peteet |first1=Julie |date=2016 |title=The Work of Comparison: Israel/Palestine and Apartheid |journal=Anthropological Quarterly |volume=89 |issue=1 |pages=247–281 |doi=10.1353/anq.2016.0015 |jstor=43955521 |s2cid=147128703}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Peteet |first=Julie |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ya8cDgAAQBAJ |title=Space and Mobility in Palestine |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |year=2017 |isbn=978-0-253-02511-1 |page=63 |access-date=20 January 2024 |archive-date=20 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240120154411/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ya8cDgAAQBAJ |url-status=live }}</ref> Since the definition of apartheid as a crime in 2002 [[Rome Statute]], attention has shifted to the question of [[international law]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baconi |first=Tareq |date=5 November 2021 |title=What Apartheid Means for Israel |url=https://www.nybooks.com/daily/2021/11/05/what-apartheid-means-for-israel/ |website=[[The New York Review of Books]] |access-date=20 January 2024 |archive-date=30 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930054812/https://www.nybooks.com/daily/2021/11/05/what-apartheid-means-for-israel/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In December 2019, the [[International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination#Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination|Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination]]<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25429&LangID=E|title=UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination publishes findings on Cambodia, Colombia, Ireland, Israel and Uzbekistan|date=13 December 2019|website=UN OHCHR|access-date=26 December 2019|archive-date=19 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219171425/https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25429&LangID=E|url-status=live}}</ref> announced commencing a review of the Palestinian complaint that Israel's policies in the West Bank amount to apartheid.<ref name="The Times of Israel">{{cite news |date=24 December 2019 |title=Report: UN anti-racism panel to probe claims of Israeli apartheid in West Bank |newspaper=[[The Times of Israel]] |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/report-un-anti-racism-panel-to-probe-claims-of-israeli-apartheid-in-west-bank/ |access-date=20 January 2024 |archive-date=29 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529085627/https://www.timesofisrael.com/report-un-anti-racism-panel-to-probe-claims-of-israeli-apartheid-in-west-bank/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Soon afterward, two Israeli human rights [[NGOs]], [[Yesh Din]] (July 2020), and [[B'Tselem]] (January 2021) issued separate reports that concluded, in the latter's words, that "the bar for labeling the Israeli regime as apartheid has been met."<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |title=A regime of Jewish supremacy from the Jordan River to the Mediterranean Sea: This is apartheid |url=https://www.btselem.org/publications/fulltext/202101_this_is_apartheid |publisher=B'Tselem |access-date=12 January 2021 |date=12 January 2021 |quote=A regime that uses laws, practices and organized violence to cement the supremacy of one group over another is an apartheid regime. Israeli apartheid, which promotes the supremacy of Jews over Palestinians, was not born in one day or of a single speech. It is a process that has gradually grown more institutionalized and explicit, with mechanisms introduced over time in law and practice to promote Jewish supremacy. These accumulated measures, their pervasiveness in legislation and political practice, and the public and judicial support they receive – all form the basis for our conclusion that the bar for labeling the Israeli regime as apartheid has been met. |archive-date=8 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508165214/https://www.btselem.org/publications/fulltext/202101_this_is_apartheid |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>[[Michael Sfard]] [https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/files.yesh-din.org/Apartheid+2020/Apartheid+ENG.pdf 'The Occupation of the West Bank and the Crime of Apartheid: Legal Opinion,'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240111112934/https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/files.yesh-din.org/Apartheid%202020/Apartheid%20ENG.pdf |date=11 January 2024 }} [[Yesh Din]] 9 July 2020.</ref><ref name=":51">{{Cite web |last=Sfard |first=Michael |date=2021-06-03 |title=Why Israeli progressives have started to talk about 'apartheid' |url=http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jun/03/israeli-apartheid-israel-jewish-supremacy-occupied-territories |website=[[The Guardian]] |language=en |access-date=20 January 2024 |archive-date=4 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104213236/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jun/03/israeli-apartheid-israel-jewish-supremacy-occupied-territories |url-status=live }}</ref> In April 2021, [[Human Rights Watch]] became the first major international human rights body to say Israel had crossed the threshold.<ref name=":51" /><ref name="Holmes">{{Cite web |last=Holmes |first=Oliver |date=2021-04-27 |title=Israel is committing the crime of apartheid, rights group says |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/27/israel-committing-crime-apartheid-human-rights-watch |website=[[The Guardian]] |language=en |access-date=20 January 2024 |archive-date=2 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220202210105/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/27/israel-committing-crime-apartheid-human-rights-watch |url-status=live }}</ref> It accused Israel of apartheid, and called for prosecution of Israeli officials under international law, calling for an [[International Criminal Court investigation in Palestine|International Criminal Court]] investigation. [[Amnesty International]] issued a report with similar findings on 1 February 2022.
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