Cisgender (Template:Pron-en) is an adjective used in the context of gender issues and counselling to refer to a class of gender identities formed by a match between an individual's gender identity and the behavior or role considered appropriate for one's sex.[1]
Kristen Schilt and Laurel Westbrook defined "cisgender" as a label for "individuals who have a match between the gender they were assigned at birth, their bodies, and their personal identity", complementing "transgender".[2] A more popular term is "gender normative".[3] However, unlike "cisgender", this term suggests that there is a single, agreed-upon system of gender norms.
There are many derivatives of the term in use including cis male, cis female, and cissexual.
Language
The word has its origin in the Latin-derived prefix cis, meaning "to/this the near side" as in the cis-trans distinction in chemistry. In this case, "cis" refers to the alignment of gender identity with assigned gender. There is some controversy as to the appropriateness of the term given its utterly relativistic implications with respect to gender identity (i.e. an attempt to destroy the notion of the normative and replace it with two equally marked relatives).[who?]
Internet use
The word cisgender has been used on the internet since at least 1994, when it appeared in the alt.transgendered Usenet group in a post by Dana Leland Defosse.[4] Defosse does not define the term and seems to assume that readers are already familiar with it. It may also have been independently coined a year later: Donna Lynn Matthews, the charter maintainer of the alt.support.crossdressing usenet group, attributed the word to Carl Buijs, a transsexual man from the Netherlands, claiming that Buijs coined the word in 1995.[5] In April 1996, Buijs said in a Usenet posting, "As for the origin, I just made it up. I just kept running into the problem of what to call non-trans people in various discussions, and one day it just hit me: non-trans equals cis. Therefore, cisgendered."[6]
While sexologist Volkmar Sigusch used the term "cissexual" (or "zissexuelle" in German) in a 1991 article[7], "cisgender" may have been coined independently.
Academic use
The term has more recently been used in publications, such as a 2006 article in the Journal of Lesbian Studies[8] and Julia Serano's 2007 book Whipping Girl.[9] Serano also uses the related terms cissexual, which she defines as "people who are not transsexual and who have only ever experienced their subconscious and physical sexes as being aligned" (p. 12), and cissexism, "which is the belief that transsexuals' identified genders are inferior to, or less authentic than, those of cissexuals."[10] While having been used by trans activists for some time [11] [12], the term cisgender privilege has recently appeared in the academic literature and is defined there as the "set of unearned advantages that individuals who identify as the gender they were assigned at birth accrue solely due to having a cisgender identity" (p. 83).[13]
Notes
- ^ Crethar, H. C. & Vargas, L. A. (2007). Multicultural intricacies in professional counseling. In J. Gregoire & C. Jungers (Eds.), The counselor’s companion: What every beginning counselor needs to know. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. ISBN 0805856846. p.61.
- ^ Schilt, Kristen; Westbrook, Laurel (August 2009). "Doing Gender, Doing Heteronormativity: 'Gender Normals,' Transgender People, and the Social Maintenance of Heterosexuality". Gender & Society. 23 (4): 461.
{{cite journal}}: More than one of|pages=and|page=specified (help) - ^ Angela Pattatucci Aragon. Challenging lesbian norms: intersex, transgender, intersectional, and queer perspectives. Routledge, 2006. p. 247
- ^ Dana Leland Defosse (1994-05-26). "Transgender Research". Posted on alt.transgendered newsgroup. Retrieved 2007-12-22.
- ^ Donna Lynn Matthews (May 1999). "Definitions". Donna's Hideout. Retrieved 2007-12-22.
- ^ Carl Buijs (1996-04-16). "A new perspective on an old topic". Posted on soc.support.transgendered newsgroup. Retrieved 2007-12-22.
- ^ Sigusch, Volkmar (February 1998). "The Neosexual Revolution". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 27 (4): 331–359.
- ^ Green, Eli R. (2006). "Debating Trans Inclusion in the Feminist Movement: A Trans-Positive Analysis", Journal of Lesbian Studies. Volume: 10 Issue: 1/2. pp. 231 - 248. ISSN 1089-4160
- ^ Serano, Julia (2007), Whipping Girl: A Transsexual Woman on Sexism and the Scapegoating of Femininity, Seal Press, 2007. ISBN 978-1-58005-154-5, ISBN 1-58005-154-5
- ^ Serano (2007) also defines cisgender as synonymous with "non-transgender" and cissexual with "non-transsexual". (p. 33)
- ^ Koyama, E. (2002). Cisexual! cisgender: Decentralizing the dominant group. Retrieved June 10, 2009 from http://eminism.org/interchange!2002!20020607-wmstl.html
- ^ T -Vox. (2009). Cis gender privilege. Retrieved June 5, 2009 from http://t-vox.orglindex.php?Title=CisgendecPrivilege
- ^ Walls, N. E., & Costello, K. (2010). "Head ladies center for teacup chain": Exploring cisgender privilege in a (predominantly) gay male context. In S. Anderson and V. Middleton Explorations in diversity: Examining privilege and oppression in a multicultural society, 2nd ed. (pp. 81-93). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole.
References
- Transsexual Roadmap Transgendered Glossary. 1996-2005, retrieved 24 November, 2005.
- Gorton R, Buth J, and Spade D. Medical Therapy and Health Maintenance for Transgender Men: A Guide For Health Care Providers Lyon-Martin Women's Health Services. San Francisco, CA. 2005. p (10,22) ISBN 0-9773250-0-8
- Green, Eli R. (2006). Debating Trans Inclusion in the Feminist Movement: A Trans-Positive Analysis, Journal of Lesbian Studies. Volume: 10 Issue: 1/2. pp. 231 – 248. ISSN 1089-4160 Article abstract.
- Dean of Students Transgender FAQ. University of Texas at Austin.
- From Metrosexual to the Uber-Complex: Multiple Identities of Gender and Sexuality Intersections of Identity conference. Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey. Paul Robeson Campus Center
- Fausto-Sterling, A. (2000). Sexing the Body New York: Basic Books.
See also
