Wikipedia

Special relationship (international relations)

For other uses, see Special Relationship (disambiguation).

A special relationship is a diplomatic relationship that is especially strong and important. This term is usually used to refer to the relationship between the United States and the United Kingdom. In an extended use of the term, it has also been used to describe the whole of European Union–United States relations,[1] as well as the following relations:

Monaco, a microstate on the French Riviera, holds a special relationship with its neighbour France. The Minister of State, the head of government of Monaco, is usually a French citizen, whose appointment by the Prince of Monaco is proposed by the Government of France.
List of relationships
Albania–Kosovo relations[2]
Argentina–Brazil relations[3]
Argentina–Uruguay relations[4]
Armenia–France relations[5]
Armenia–Russia relations[6][7][8]
Australia–New Zealand relations[9][10]
Australia–United Kingdom relations[11]
Australia–United States relations[12]
Azerbaijan–Turkey relations[13][14]
Bhutan–India relations[15][16]
Brazil–Portugal relations[17]
Canada–France relations[18]
Canada–United Kingdom relations[19]
Canada–United States relations[20][21][22][23]
China–North Korea relations[24]
China–Pakistan relations[25][26]
China–Russia relations[27][28]
Cyprus–Greece relations[29]
Cyprus–United Kingdom relations[30]
Egypt–United Arab Emirates relations[31][32][33][34]
France–Greece relations[35]
France–India relations[36]
France–Lebanon relations[37]
France–United Kingdom relations[38][39]
France–United States relations[40]
Germany–Italy relations[41]
Germany–United States relations[42][43]
Greece–Italy relations[44][45][46][47]
Holy See–Italy relations[48][49]
Iceland–Norway relations[50]
India–Israel relations[51]
India–Nepal relations[52]
India–Russia relations[53]
India–United Kingdom relations[54]
India–United States relations[55][56]
Indonesia–Netherlands relations[57]
Indonesia–Suriname relations[58]
Ireland–United States relations[59]
Israel–United Kingdom relations[60]
Israel–United States relations[61]
Italy–United Kingdom relations[62]
Japan–Philippines relations[63]
Japan–United States relations[64][65][66][67]
Laos–Vietnam relations[68][69][70][71]
Moldova–Romania relations[72]
Norway–Sweden relations[73]
New Zealand–United Kingdom relations[74]
Oman–United Kingdom relations[75][76]
Pakistan–Saudi Arabia relations[77][78][79]
Philippines–Spain relations[80]
Philippines–United States relations[81][82]
Portugal–Spain relations[83]
Russia Serbia Russia–Serbia relations[84]
Saudi Arabia United Kingdom Saudi Arabia–United Kingdom relations[85][86]
South Africa–United Kingdom relations[87]
South Korea–United States relations[88]
Taiwan–United States relations[89]

See also

References

  1. ^ "European Union – EEAS (European External Action Service) – The EU and the US: a special relationship".
  2. ^ Sulçebe, Dritan. "Albania and Kosovo. In quest of a Common Future." (2014).
  3. ^ Useful Guide for Brazilians Archived 24 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine Argentina – Official Promotion Portal for Argentina. Retrieved on 28 November 2010.
  4. ^ "En qué se parecen y diferencian Argentina y Uruguay (y qué tan cierto es que "más que hermanos, son gemelos")". BBC News Mundo (in Spanish). Retrieved 12 August 2024.
  5. ^ Khachatrian, Haroutiun (4 December 2023). "French-Armenian Relations: Past and Present". evnreport.
  6. ^ Khachatrian, Haroutiun (15 February 2001). "Armenians Worry About Special Relationship with Russia". EurasiaNet.
  7. ^ Demytrie, Rayhan (10 August 2016). "Armenians challenge age-old links to Russia". BBC News. Armenia has maintained a special relationship with Russia since the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991...
  8. ^ Kambeck, Michael (1 June 2014). "Between the big blocs: Armenian foreign policy untangled". European View. 13. Wilfried Martens Centre for European Studies: 29–38. doi:10.1007/s12290-014-0298-2. S2CID 154016333. The author analyses the special relationship with Russia...
  9. ^ "Kiwis and Aussies, best friends forever?". NZ Herald. 10 May 2024.
  10. ^ Institute, Lowy. "Feelings towards other nations - Lowy Institute Poll". Lowy Institute Poll 2022.
  11. ^ "PARTNERS IN CRIMES? THE UK/AUSTRALIA SPECIAL RELATIONSHIP". Declassified UK. 5 November 2021. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
  12. ^ "The Times views of US-Australian ties a new Special Relationahips".
  13. ^ Kardas, Saban. "Turkey Develops Special Relationship with Azerbaijan". Eurasia Daily Monitor Volume. Retrieved 6 October 2012.
  14. ^ Katik, Mevlut. "Azerbaijan and Turkey Coordinate Nagorno-Karabakh Negotiation Position". EurasiaNet. Retrieved 6 October 2012.
  15. ^ Handle with care, Bhutan is a friend
  16. ^ "Narendra Modi leaves for Bhutan on his first foreign visit as PM". The Economic Times.
  17. ^ "Foreign policy – Americas". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Lisbon. Archived from the original on 26 December 2011. Retrieved 18 November 2010.
  18. ^ Massie, Justin (2009). "A Special Relationship? The Importance of France in Canadian Foreign Policy". Canada Among Nations, 2008. pp. 235–270. doi:10.1515/9780773575882-013. ISBN 978-0-7735-7588-2.
  19. ^ "Canada-United Kingdom relations | Government of Canada". 19 December 2019.
  20. ^ Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent said: "the special nature of our relationship to the United Kingdom and the United States complicates our responsibilities..." quoted in: H.H. Herstien, L.J. Hughes, R.C. Kirbyson. Challenge & Survival: The History of Canada (Scarborough, ON: Prentice-Hall, 1970). p 411
  21. ^ Canada in North America: Farewell to the 'Special Relationship',
  22. ^ "FindArticles.com – CBSi".
  23. ^ "Allan Gotlieb: Bring back the special relationship". Retrieved 17 January 2008. [permanent dead link‍]
  24. ^ Mayberry, Kate (20 June 2019). "'Special relationship' in focus as China's Xi visits North Korea". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 27 July 2019. Retrieved 25 July 2019.
  25. ^ "China-Pakistan relations". International Policy Digest. 3 November 2013. Archived from the original on 13 December 2013. Retrieved 6 December 2013.
  26. ^ "China-Pakistan friendship 'sweeter than honey', says Nawaz Sharif". The Telegraph. 5 July 2013. Retrieved 6 December 2013.
  27. ^ Smolchenko, Anna. "Putin Welcomes China's Xi for landmark talks." AFP. 22 March 2013.
  28. ^ "China-Russia: a special relationship". Euronews. 22 March 2013. Archived from the original on 20 June 2017. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
  29. ^ "The relations between Athens and Cyprus during the classical period".
  30. ^ "Cyprus: Special ties with the UK will determine Cyprus's final stance".
  31. ^ "Emirates Forges Special Relationship With El-Sissi's Egypt". Associated Press. 6 March 2015 – via The New York Times.
  32. ^ "Sisi: UAE-Egypt relations will always be special". Al Arabiya English. 19 January 2015.
  33. ^ Rania El Gamal and William Maclean (17 February 2013). "Analysis: Rise of Islamists frays strategic UAE-Egyptian relations". Reuters. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 2 July 2017.
  34. ^ "Al Sisi's visit bolsters UAE-Egypt ties". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
  35. ^ "france 24 – Greece hails 'special relationship' with France on Hollande visit – France 24". France 24. 22 October 2015.
  36. ^ "Exploring the India-France 'special relationship'". ORF.
  37. ^ "Why France and Lebanon are such close allies". 9 August 2020.
  38. ^ "The real special relationship". Financial Times. 21 May 2023. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
  39. ^ "France's Macron wants "very special relationship" with Britain after Brexit". Reuters. 13 December 2019. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
  40. ^ Move over Britain, France is America's ‘special’ friend, POlitico.eu, 4/30,2018
  41. ^ Deserri, Dario. "The Italian - German Relationship: The Role of Cultural Diplomacy in Europe" (PDF). www.culturaldiplomacy.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2012.
  42. ^ Berghahn, Volker R. (29 June 2016). "The U.S.'s "Special Relationship" Is with Germany, Not Britain". Harvard Business Review – via hbr.org.
  43. ^ Oreskes, Benjamin. "Germany: America's real special relationship". POLITICO.
  44. ^ "Pavlopoulos and Mattarella confirm the longstanding Greek-Italian friendship (Παυλόπουλος και Ματαρέλα επιβεβαίωσαν τη μακρόχρονη ελληνοϊταλική φιλία)". documentonews.gr. Retrieved 5 March 2017.
  45. ^ "Pavlopoulos – Mattarella: Strong friendship and a common vision between Greece and Italy (Παυλόπουλος – Ματαρέλα: Δυνατή φιλία και κοινή οπτική μεταξύ Ελλάδας και Ιταλίας)". news247.gr. Archived from the original on 6 March 2017. Retrieved 5 March 2017.
  46. ^ "Greece-Italy alliance (Ελλάδα-Ιταλία συμμαχία)". makthes.gr. Archived from the original on 6 March 2017. Retrieved 5 March 2017.
  47. ^ "A medal of honor for the Greek-Italian relations (Ενα παράσημο για τις ελληνοϊταλικές σχέσεις)". enet.gr. Retrieved 5 March 2017.
  48. ^ Frattini, Eric (12 March 2013). I corvi del Vaticano. Sperling & Kupfer. ISBN 9788873397939.
  49. ^ "Patti lateranensi, 11 febbraio 1929 – Segreteria di Stato, card. Pietro Gasparri". www.vatican.va. Archived from the original on 13 August 2013.
  50. ^ "A 'special relationship' built on a patchwork".
  51. ^ Sinha, Atish; Mohta, Madhup (2007). Indian Foreign Policy. Academic Foundation. ISBN 9788171885930.
  52. ^ Will strive to take India-Nepal ties to Himalayan heights, says Modi, The Mint, 1 June 2023, retrieved 14 July 2023
  53. ^ "Bilateral Relations: India-Russia". Embassy of India, Moscow (Russia). Archived from the original on 27 July 2018. Retrieved 1 December 2022.
  54. ^ "UK and India announce new era in bilateral relationship". HM Government.
  55. ^ Yardley, Jim (6 November 2010). "America and India: The Almost-Special Relationship". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 November 2010.
  56. ^ Mariathasan, Joseph (24 September 2019). "India and the US – a new special relationship?". IPE. Archived from the original on 1 December 2021. Retrieved 24 September 2019.
  57. ^ Marsudi, Retno (2 April 2012). "Indonesia and the Netherlands: A special relationship". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
  58. ^ "Indonesia, Suriname set for stronger cooperation". The Jakarta Post. 19 March 2013. Retrieved 10 June 2013.
  59. ^ "The Irish Times view on Ireland and the United States: The special relationship". The Irish Times.
  60. ^ Curtis, Mark (10 August 2018). "The raw truth about the UK's special relationship with Israel". Middle East Eye. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
  61. ^ Frier, Ted (28 April 2013). "The US-Israeli "Special Relationship"". Open Salon. Archived from the original on 10 June 2013.
  62. ^ Wright, O. J. (2019). Great Britain and the Unifying of Italy: A Special Relationship?. Palgrave Macmillan UK. doi:10.1057/978-1-137-59397-9. ISBN 978-1-137-59396-2.
  63. ^ Cervantes, Filane Mikee (1 August 2023). "House adopts reso enhancing PH-Japan parliamentary ties". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on 8 December 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023. It also said that with the accession of Japan as a dialogue partner to the Association of Southeast Nations (ASEAN) Treaty of Amity and Cooperation, "the special relationship of the Philippines and Japan is further developed, and the regional cooperation towards perpetual peace, everlasting amity, and collaboration among the peoples in ASEAN is enhanced."
  64. ^ Hastert, J. Dennis (27 February 2015). "U.S.-Japanese Friendship: 70 Remarkable Years | Commentary". Roll Call. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
  65. ^ Cenname, Steven (29 May 2014). "The United States & Japan: The Perfect Model of Forgiveness in International Relations". Cennamology.com. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
  66. ^ Hongo, Jun (3 September 2015). "U.S.-Japan Relations a Model of Reconciliation, Obama Says". WSJ Blogs – Japan Real Time. Archived from the original on 1 July 2018. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
  67. ^ Stokes, Bruce (7 April 2015). "5 facts to help understand the U.S.-Japan relationship". Pew Research Center. Archived from the original on 3 December 2016. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
  68. ^ Zagioff, Joseph J (March 1987). "Vietnam and Laos: The Special Relationship". DTIC OAI. Department of State Washington DC Office of External Research. Archived from the original on 27 March 2014. Retrieved 1 February 2016.
  69. ^ McCartan, Brian (30 August 2008). "China and Vietnam square off in Laos". Asia Times Online. Archived from the original on 2 December 2008. Retrieved 26 March 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  70. ^ Faming, Manynooch (June 2009). "A New Role for an Old Tale: Vietnam as a Donor to Laos". A Safari Towards Aid Effectiveness?. NORRAG. Archived from the original on 27 March 2014. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
  71. ^ Feffer, John; St John, Ronald Bruce; Wells-Dang, Andrew (28 December 2006). "Dialogue on Laos and Vietnam". FPIF. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
  72. ^ "Relații bilaterale - Scurt istoric". AMBASADA ROMÂNIEI în Republica Moldova.
  73. ^ Lindgren, Raymond E. (10 May 2024). Norway-Sweden. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-05138-3. JSTOR j.ctt183pz3k.
  74. ^ "The UK and New Zwaland a Special Relationship for the 21st century". 17 January 2020.
  75. ^ "Britain and Oman: Will their growing special relationship survive succession?". Middle East Eye. 17 June 2019. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
  76. ^ "Britain's Dangerous and Ignored Special Relationship With Oman". HuffPost. 11 August 2016. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
  77. ^ Cafiero, Giorgio; Wagner, Daniel (23 November 2015). "Saudi Arabia and Pakistan's Evolving Alliance". Huffington Post. Retrieved 27 January 2016.
  78. ^ Guzansky, Yoel (16 February 2016). "Pakistan and Saudi Arabia: How Special are the "Special Relations"?". The Institute for National Security Studies. Retrieved 27 January 2016.
  79. ^ Teller, Neville (2016). The Chaos in the Middle East: 2014–2016. Troubador Publishing Ltd. p. 246. ISBN 9781785892820.
  80. ^ "Baler recuerda a los 'últimos de Filipinas' en Día Amistad Hispano-filipina" [Baler remembers the "Last ones of the Philippines" in Philippine-Spanish Friendship Day] (in Spanish). Spain: Terra Noticias (noticias.terra.es). 30 June 2007. Archived from the original on 7 October 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2010.
  81. ^ Salans, Carl F.; Belmans, Murray J. (1 August 1965). "An Appraisal of the United States—Philippines' Special Relationship". Washington Law Review. 40 (3): 447–476. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
  82. ^ Sen, Rabindra (June 2005). "PHILIPPINES – U.S. SPECIAL RELATIONSHIP: COLD WAR AND BEYOND". Jadavpur Journal of International Relations. 9 (1). Sage Publishing: 85–92. doi:10.1177/0973598405110005. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
  83. ^ "Spain and Portugal: From Distant Neighbours to Uneasy Associates".
  84. ^ Samorukov, Maxim. "Last Friend in Europe: How Far Will Russia Go to Preserve Its Alliance With Serbia?". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
  85. ^ "UK-Saudi Arabia: the new special relationship". The Guardian. 7 October 2015. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
  86. ^ "THE SPECIAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN UK AND SAUDI ARABIA". The Real News. 6 August 2017. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
  87. ^ 'The Transvaal Blue-Book', The Times (16 September 1899), pg. 3, col. C.
  88. ^ "What does the Korean War reveal about the 'special relationship'?". Churchill Archive for Schools. Retrieved 15 September 2022.
  89. ^ "Chairman Royce Meets with President Tsai in Taiwan". Committee on Foreign Affairs. United States House of Representatives. 1 September 2017. Retrieved 22 December 2018.
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