The Feast of Saints Peter and Paul or Solemnity of Saints Peter and Paul is a liturgical feast in honor of the martyrdom in Rome of the apostles Saint Peter and Saint Paul, which is observed on 29 June. The celebration is of ancient Christian origin, the date selected being the anniversary of either their death or the translation of their relics.[1]
| Solemnity of Saints Peter and Paul | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Observed by | Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church Anglican Church Lutheran Church Oriental Orthodoxy |
| Liturgical color | Red |
| Celebrations | Mass |
| Date | 29 June |
| Next time | 29 June 2025 |
| Frequency | Annual |
Eastern Christianity
editFor Eastern Orthodox and some Eastern Catholic Christians this feast also marks the end of the Apostles' Fast (which began on the Monday following All Saints' Sunday, i.e., the second Monday after Pentecost).[2] While not considered among the twelve great feasts, it is one of five additional feasts ranked as a great feast in the Eastern Orthodox tradition and is often celebrated with an all-night vigil starting the evening before.[3] In the Julian calendar, 29 June falls on the Gregorian calendar date of 12 July from 1900 to 2099, inclusive.
In the Russian Orthodox tradition, Macarius of Unzha's Miracle of the Moose is said to have occurred during the Apostles' Fast and the Feast of Saints Peter and Paul that followed it.[4]
Oriental Orthodox tradition
editIn the Coptic Orthodox Church and the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, the feast of saints Peter and Paul is also celebrated on the day 5 Epip which is also the end of the fast of the apostles in these traditions.[5]
Spiritual Christian tradition
editAlthough the Canadian Doukhobors, a Spiritual Christian denomination, do not venerate saints, the Feast of St. Peter and St. Paul has traditionally been a day of celebration for them. Since 1895, it has acquired a new significance as a commemoration of the "Burning of the Arms", the Doukhobors' destruction of their weapons, as a symbol of their refusal to participate in government-sponsored killing.[6] It is celebrated now by their descendants as simply "Peter's Day" (Russian: Petro den.), sometimes referred to as the "Doukhobor Peace Day".[7][6]
Western Christian tradition
editIn the General Roman Calendar, the celebration is a solemnity. In earlier editions, it was ranked as a Double (Tridentine calendar), Double of the First Class (e.g., General Roman Calendar of 1954), or First-Class Feast (General Roman Calendar of 1960). Prior to the liturgical reforms of Pope Pius XII, this feast was followed by a common octave. On this feast, newly created metropolitan archbishops receive from the pope the primary symbol of their office, the pallium.[8]
It is a holy day of obligation in the Latin Church, although individual conferences of bishops can suppress the obligation.[9] The Enchiridion Indulgentiarum of 2004 grants the partial indulgence for the faithful who has devoutly recited the prayer in honor of the apostles .[10]
In England, Scotland and Wales the feast is observed as a holy day of obligation while in the United States and Canada, it is not. The feast ceased being a Holy Day of Obligation in the United States in 1840.[11]
The Church of England celebrates 29 June as a festival.[12] The Lutheran churches celebrate it in the rank of a lesser festival.[13]
Because of the importance of Sts Peter and Paul to the Catholic Church, many Catholic-majority countries observe their feast day as a public holiday. The feast is observed in Rome because St. Paul and St. Peter are patron saints of the Eternal City.[14] In the Apulia region of southeastern Italy, the feast was associated with the Tarantella dance since the Middle Ages.[15]
In Malta the solemnity is a public holiday and in Maltese is known as L-Imnarja. It is celebrated with festivals the preceding weekend in Nadur Gozo and as well as Buskett Gardens in Rabat.[16]
It is also a public holiday of the Canton of Ticino, Switzerland, as well as parts of the Swiss cantons of Lucerne and Graubünden.[17] It is a public holiday in Peru[18] and in various municipalities of the Philippines.[citation needed] In Ormoc, festivals, bazaars, parades, and pageants are held annually on the feast day, as Peter and Paul are the city's patron saints.[19]
In 1577 Jan Rubens named his son Peter Paul, because he was born during the office of vespers of this day.[20]
See also
edit- Golowan Festival
- Incident at Antioch, a dispute between Peter and Paul
- International Day of Prayer for the Persecuted Church
- St Peter's Eve
References
edit- ^
Prat, Ferdinand (1911). "St. Paul". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 11. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
- ^ Kfouf, Ayman. "The Fast of the Holy Apostles". Archived from the original on 30 June 2012. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
- ^ Mother Mary; Ware, Kallistos, "The Festal Menaion", p. 41. St. Tikhon's Seminary Press, 1998.
- ^ Count M.V. Tolstoy, Stories from the History of Russian Church (РАССКАЗЫ ИЗ ИСТОРИИ РУССКОЙ ЦЕРКВИ), vol.3 (in Russian)
- ^ "5 أبيب – اليوم الخامس من شهر أبيب – السنكسار".
- ^ a b Tarasoff, Koozma J., with Andrei Conovaloff. "Historic 1895 Burning of Guns descriptions, selections and translations". Spirit Wrestlers. Spirit Wrestlers Publishing. Retrieved 20 May 2018.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Tarasoff, Koozma J. The Doukhobor Peace Day Archived 30 October 2018 at the Wayback Machine, May 4, 2002
- ^ "Pope modifies and enriches Pallium Investiture Ceremony". Vatican Radio. 29 January 2015. Retrieved 29 January 2015.
- ^ Codex Iuris Canonici (1983), canon 1246.
- ^ Enchiridion Indulgentiarum, Concessiones, n°. 20, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 4th edition, 2004, p. 67. ISBN 88-209-2785-3. Latin quote: "Partialis indulgentia conceditur christifideli qui orationem Sancti Apostoli Petre et Paule devote recitaverit. 'Sancti Apostoli Petre et Paule, intercedite pro nobis. Protege, Domine, populum tuum; et Apostolorum tuorum Petri et Pauli patrocinio confidentem, perpetua defensione conserva. Per Christum Dominum nostrum. Amen.'"
- ^ Corcoran, James Andrew; Ryan, Patrick John; Prendergast, Edmond Francis (1886). "American Catholic Quarterly Review, Volume 11". Retrieved 13 June 2020.
- ^ "The Church's Year". The Church of England. Retrieved 12 May 2021.
- ^ "Feasts and Festivals". Lutheran Church--Missouri Synod. Retrieved 29 June 2019.
- ^ Scaramuzzino, Maria (29 June 2020). "Peter and Paul, the patron saints of Rome, the Eternal City". italiani.it. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
- ^ Anon (1968). Tarantism: St. Paul and the Spider, in Essays and Reviews form the Times Literary Supplement. London: Oxford University Press, pp. 172–183. Originally published in the Times Literary Supplement, 27 April 1967. pp. 173–174
- ^ "Feast of Saints Peter and Paul | religious festival". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
- ^ "Liste der Feiertage in der Schweiz" (PDF). Datumsrechner (in German). Retrieved 12 May 2021.
- ^ "Holidays 2023 in Peru: List of public and long holidays in Peru". Noticias Financieras. 22 June 2023.
- ^ Reyes, Ronald. "Philippine city holds on to faith despite disasters – UCA News". ucanews.com. Retrieved 12 May 2021.
- ^ Historische levensbeschryving van P.P. Rubens Door Jean François Marie Michel p.14
External links
edit
- The Holy Glorious and All-Praised Leader of the Apostles, Peter & Paul Icon and Synaxarion of the Feast (Orthodox)