St Peter's Square is a public square in Manchester city centre, England. The north of the square is bounded by Princess Street and the south by Peter Street. To the west of the square is Manchester Central Library, Midland Hotel and Manchester Town Hall Extension. The square is home to the Manchester Cenotaph, the statue of Emmeline Pankhurst Rise up, Women, and St Peter's Square Metrolink tram stop and incorporates the Peace Garden. In 1819, the area around the square was the site of the Peterloo Massacre.
 St Peter's Square in January 2018 | |
| Maintained by | City of Manchester |
|---|---|
| Location | Manchester, England, UK |
| Coordinates | 53°28′40″N 2°14′37″W / 53.47778°N 2.24361°W |
| Construction | |
| Completion | 1930s |
From 2010 to 2017, the square underwent significant redevelopment which entailed the restoration of Central Library and attached Library Walk link, the relocation of the Cenotaph to the rear of Manchester Town Hall, the creation of a new extended tram stop and the construction of two new office blocks to the south of the square; One St Peter's Square and Two St Peter's Square.
History
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The area around St Peter's Square, then known as St Peter's Field,[1] was the site of the 1819 Peterloo Massacre. The name derives from St Peter's Church which was built in 1788-94 where the gardens are today and also gave its name to Peter Street. The church was built in the neoclassical style by the architect James Wyatt, and was once famous for its church music. It was demolished in 1907 and the Cenotaph replaced it in 1924. A stone cross (1908) commemorates the church. The square is the site for the city's Remembrance Day commemoration each year.
In the 1930s, the square was redeveloped around the construction of the Central Library and Town Hall Extension (1930–34).
In 1980, Manchester City Council declared Manchester a Nuclear-free city, and marked this designation by laying out a Peace Garden in the northern part of St Peter's Square. A statue was commissioned from the sculptor Barbara Pearson, Messenger of Peace, consisting of a seated bronze female figure surrounded by doves. It was installed in the new garden in 1986; shortly afterwards, the doves were stolen and had to be replaced.[2][3]
In the later 20th century, as the city's transport network developed, St Peter's Square began to emerge as a potential location for a rapid transit station. In the 1970s, proposals for the Picc-Vic tunnel envisaged the construction of an underground railway station to serve both St Peter's and the neighbouring Albert Square. These plans were later abandoned.[4] The early proposals for an on-street light rail system in Manchester revived the idea of a station in the square, and the idea was retained as the project evolved, becoming a reality when the Metrolink system opened in 1992.
Redevelopment
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In 2013, Manchester City Council approved plans for the redevelopment of the square, including the expansion of the Metrolink stop to four platforms.[5] This coincided with the construction of the One and Two St Peter's Square buildings and the refurbishment of Manchester Central Library, both adjacent to the square. Numerous archaeological finds were made when construction work uncovered the former crypt of the long-demolished St. Peter's Church,[6] which had a concrete raft built over it in order to safely construct the new tram lines.[7] The outline of the church is marked in the paving around the square.
The scheme involved using £20 million of public money,[8] moving the Cenotaph, demolishing an inter-war building to establish a new office quarter and closing Library Walk to the public. The Peace Garden was moved to a new location in nearby Lincoln Square, although it was decided not to retain the Messenger of Peace sculpture.[9] The plans were criticised as bland, unrealistic and private sector orientated rather than public orientated.[citation needed]
In response to the criticisms Darryl Lee, director of Mosley Street Ventures, said: "The developers have had lengthy and detailed discussions about their proposals with English Heritage and Manchester City Council, who have pronounced themselves happy with the scheme". An English Heritage spokesperson added: "Long before Century House was built, St Peter’s Square was envisaged as a grand civic space, and English Heritage feels that the Simpson scheme, taken with other developments which are under way, goes some way to realising that ambition. While we think that Century House makes a positive contribution to the conservation area, we feel that its loss is outweighed by the public benefits of the scheme."[10]
Rise up, Women, a statue of Emmeline Pankhurst, was unveiled on 14 December 2018 to commemorate 100 years since women were first allowed to vote in United Kingdom general elections.[11]
Monuments and statues
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Adrift by John Cassidy -
St Peter's Cross -
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Manchester Cenotaph
editThis is the work of Sir Edwin Lutyens and has similarities to the Cenotaph in Whitehall, London. It was inaugurated in 1924 and the ceremonies of Remembrance Day have been observed here annually since then. In 2014 the cenotaph was relocated to the north-east end of the square; opposite the Cooper Street entrance to the Town Hall.
References
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- ^ Revived by recent developers as 'Peter's Fields' for the area to the west.
- ^ Wyke, Terry; Cocks, Harry (1 January 2004). Public Sculpture of Greater Manchester. Liverpool University Press. pp. 65–66. ISBN 978-0-85323-567-5. Retrieved 7 November 2024.
- ^ Coyle, Simon (14 April 2015). "Manchester public art: Messenger Of Peace on Cooper Street". Manchester Evening News. Retrieved 7 November 2024.
- ^ SELNEC PTE (October 1971), SELNEC Picc-Vic Line, SELNEC PTE publicity brochure
- ^ Tom Brooks-Pollock (18 January 2013). "Manchester Cenotaph to be moved to make way for new look St. Peter's Square - Manchester Evening News". Menmedia.co.uk. Retrieved 23 February 2014.
- ^ Helen Heath (15 February 2017). "Bishop of Manchester rededicates cross in St Peter's square". thenorthernquota.org. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
- ^ "A greener future for St. Peter's Square" (PDF). TfGM. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 September 2016.
- ^ Manchester Evening News (14 September 2009). "Manchester square to be made 'traffic free'".
- ^ Williams, Jennifer (31 May 2018). "Lincoln Square set to become a peace garden in £4m plan to make neglected plaza a 'calm space'". Manchester Evening News. Retrieved 7 November 2024.
- ^ "Critics hit out at Ian Simpson's St Peter's Square office plans". Architects Journal. 16 May 2013. Retrieved 12 April 2014.
- ^ "Suffragette statues mark 100 years of women's first vote". BBC News. 14 December 2018. Retrieved 14 December 2018.