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Stanley Clarke

For other people named Stanley Clarke, see Stanley Clarke (disambiguation).

Stanley Clarke (born June 30, 1951) is an American bassist, composer and founding member of Return to Forever, one of the first jazz fusion bands. Clarke gave the bass guitar a prominence it lacked in jazz-related music. He is the first jazz-fusion bassist to headline tours, sell out shows worldwide and have recordings reach gold status.[1][2][3]

Stanley Clarke
Stanley Clarke at Leverkusener Jazztage (Germany), November 7, 2016
Stanley Clarke at Leverkusener Jazztage (Germany), November 7, 2016
Background information
Born (1951-06-30) June 30, 1951 (age 73)
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Genres
Occupations
  • Musician
  • composer
Instruments
  • Double bass
  • bass guitar
Years active1966–present
Labels
Websitestanleyclarke.com

Clarke is a 5-time Grammy winner, with 15 nominations, 3 as a solo artist, 1 with the Stanley Clarke Band, and 1 with Return to Forever.[4][5] Clarke was selected to become a 2022 recipient of the National Endowment for the Arts Jazz Masters Fellowship.[6]

A Stanley Clarke electric bass is permanently on display at the National Museum of African American History and Culture in Washington, D.C.[7][8][1]

Music career

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Early years

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Clarke with Return to Forever, Onondaga Community College, Syracuse, New York, 1974

Clarke was born on June 30, 1951, in Philadelphia.[9] His mother sang opera around the house, belonged to a church choir, and encouraged him to study music.[10] He started on accordion, then tried violin.[11] But he felt awkward holding such a small instrument in his big hands when he was twelve years old and over six feet tall. No one wanted the acoustic bass in the corner, so he picked it up.[12] He took lessons on the double bass at the Settlement Music School in Philadelphia, studying classical bass for five years under Eligio Rossi. He picked up bass guitar in his teens so that he could perform at parties and imitate the rock and pop bands that girls liked.[10]

Clarke attended the Philadelphia Musical Academy (later known as the Philadelphia College of the Performing Arts, and ultimately as the University of the Arts, after having merged with the Philadelphia College of Art) and after graduating moved to New York City in 1971.[13] His recording debut was with Curtis Fuller. He worked with Joe Henderson and Pharoah Sanders, then in 1972 with Tony Williams Lifetime Experience, Stan Getz, Dexter Gordon, and Art Blakey, followed by Gil Evans, Mel Lewis, and Horace Silver.[11]

Return to Forever (band)

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Clarke intended to become the first black musician in the Philadelphia Orchestra until he met jazz pianist Chick Corea.[14] At the time, Corea was working with Stan Getz putting together a new backing band for him and writing music for the group; these pieces first surfaced on two albums recorded in February/March 1972 in New York, Captain Marvel (credited to Getz, released in 1974) and Return to Forever (credited to Corea, issued in Europe in 1972). Clarke's playing and improvising was prominent on both albums; the band also played a couple of gigs with Getz in Europe. At this early stage, the band as separate from Getz was mostly a studio side project, but the members soon realized that it had potential as a regular live band, and so the band Return to Forever had been born.[15]

The first edition of Return to Forever performed primarily Latin-oriented music and used only acoustic instruments (except for Corea's Fender Rhodes piano). This band consisted of singer Flora Purim, her husband Airto Moreira (both Brazilians) on drums and percussion, Corea's longtime musical co-worker Joe Farrell on saxophone and flute, and Clarke on bass. Their first album, titled Return to Forever, was recorded for ECM Records in 1972. The second album, Light as a Feather (1973), was released by Polydor and included the song "Spain".[16][17]

After the second album, Farrell, Purim and Moreira left the group to form their own band, and guitarist Bill Connors, drummer Steve Gadd and percussionist Mingo Lewis were added. Lenny White (who had played with Corea in Miles Davis's band) replaced Gadd and Lewis on drums and percussion, and the group's third album, Hymn of the Seventh Galaxy (1973), was released.

Fusion was a combination of rock and jazz which they helped develop in the early 1970s. Clarke was playing a new kind of music, using new techniques, and giving the bass guitar a prominence it lacked. He drew attention to the bass guitar as a solo instrument that could be melodic and dominant in addition to being part of the rhythm section.[18] For helping to bring the bass guitar to the front of the band, Clarke cites Jaco Pastorius, Paul McCartney, Jack Bruce, and Larry Graham.[19]

After Return to Forever's second album, Light as a Feather, Clarke received job offers from Bill Evans, Miles Davis, and Ray Manzarek of the Doors, but he remained with Return to Forever until 1977.[19] During the early 1980s, he toured with Corea and Return to Forever, then worked with Bobby Lyle, Eliane Elias, David Benoit and Michel Petrucciani. He toured in a band with Herbie Hancock and Wayne Shorter in 1991. In 1998 he founded Superband with Lenny White, Larry Carlton, and Jeff Lorber.

Solo

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Corea produced Clarke's first solo album, Children of Forever (1973), and played keyboards on it with guitarist Pat Martino, drummer Lenny White, flautist Art Webb, and vocalists Andy Bey and Dee Dee Bridgewater. Clarke played double bass and bass guitar.[20]

Clarke's second self-titled album Stanley Clarke (1974) featured Tony Williams on drums, Bill Connors on electric and acoustic guitar, and Jan Hammer on synthesizer [Moog], electric piano, organ, and piano [acoustic].

While on tour, British guitarist Jeff Beck was performing the song "Power" from that album, and this was the impetus for their meeting and Beck's introduction to Hammer. They toured together, and Beck appeared on some of Clarke's albums, including Journey to Love (1975)[21] and Modern Man (1978).[22]

The album School Days (Epic, 1976) brought Clarke the most attention and praise he had received so far. With its memorable riff, the title song became so revered that fans called out for it during concerts.[19][23]

Rock and funk

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Stanley Clarke and Victor Wooten in the SMV Thunder Tour, Stockholm Jazz Festival, 2009

Clarke has spent much of his career outside jazz. In 1979, Ronnie Wood of the Rolling Stones formed the New Barbarians with Clarke and Keith Richards.[24] Two years later, Clarke and keyboardist George Duke formed the Clarke/Duke Project, which combined pop, jazz, funk, and R&B. They met in 1971 in Finland when Duke was with Cannonball Adderley. They recorded together for the first time on Clarke's album Journey to Love. Their first album contained the single "Sweet Baby",[25][26] which became a top 20 pop hit. They reunited for tours during the 1990s[11] and the 2000s.[25]

Clarke joined fellow bassist Paul McCartney in 1981 to play bass on McCartney's 1982 & 1983 releases Tug of War[27] and Pipes of Peace.[28][29][30]

The Stanley Clarke Band

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The Stanley Clarke Band is an American jazz band led by Clarke. He founded the band in 1985, with Ruslan Sirota, Shariq Tucker, Cameron Graves, Beka Gochiashvili, Salar Nader, and Evan Garr. They released the album Find Out!. With a new group, The Stanley Clarke Band released the album The Stanley Clarke Band which won the 2011 Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Jazz Album.[31] Their album The Message was released in 2018.[32]

Career

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The band's first album Find Out! was recorded at Sunset Sound Studios and was released in 1985 by Sony. With a band composed of Stanley Clarke on bass, Ronald Bruner Jr. on drums, and Ruslan Sirota on keyboards, the Stanley Clarke Band released The Stanley Clarke Band album. It was produced by Lenny White and Stanley Clarke and featured pianist Hiromi."[33]

The album The Stanley Clarke Band won the Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Jazz Album at the 53rd Annual Grammy Awards.[34] Additionally, the track "No Mystery" was nominated for Best Pop Instrumental Performance.

The Stanley Clarke Band with Clarke, Bruner Jr., and Sirota released The Message.[35]

Discography

Other groups

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In 1988, Clarke and drummer Stewart Copeland of the rock band the Police formed Animal Logic with singer-songwriter Deborah Holland. He and Copeland were friends before the Police formed.[10] Copeland appeared on Clarke's album Up (Mack Avenue, 2014).[36]

In 2014 Clarke was invited on stage with Primus during their "Primus and the Chocolate Factory" tour featuring other guest appearances from Stewart Copeland and Danny Carey of Tool to perform the Primus classic "Here Come the Bastards" with Clarke and Les Claypool having a shred bass duel midway.

In 2020 Clarke was invited as a teacher at a Bass Bootcamp hosted by bassist Gerald Veasley. The camp was hosted in Philadelphia where bassists of all ages were taught and featured many educators and professionals such as Richard Waller, Rob Smith, Freekbass, Michael Manring, and more. Unfortunately the camp was delayed and moved to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Other jazz groups

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In 2005, Clarke toured as Trio! with Béla Fleck and Jean-Luc Ponty.[37][38] Clarke and Ponty had worked in a trio with guitarist Al Di Meola in 1995 and recorded the album The Rite of Strings.[39] They worked in a trio again in 2012 with guitarist Biréli Lagrène and two years later recorded D-Stringz (Impulse!, 2015).[9]

In 2008, Clarke formed SMV with bassists Marcus Miller and Victor Wooten and recorded the album Thunder.[40][41][42]

In 2009 he released Jazz in the Garden, featuring the Stanley Clarke Trio with pianist Hiromi Uehara and drummer Lenny White. The following year he released the Stanley Clarke Band, with Ruslan Sirota on keyboards and Ronald Bruner, Jr. on drums; the album also features Hiromi on piano.[43]

His album Up, released in 2014, has enlisted an all-star cast in his musical ensemble, including former Return to Forever bandmate Chick Corea on piano, with drummer Stewart Copeland (The Police) and guitarist Jimmy Herring (Widespread Panic), among others.[44]

In 2018, Clarke released The Message, featuring the new Stanley Clarke Band with Cameron Graves on synthesizers, pianist Beka Gochiashvili, and drummer Mike Mitchell. The album also features rapper/beatboxer Doug E. Fresh and trumpeter Mark Isham.[45][46]

In 2019, The Stanley Clarke Band has transformed again as Clarke, Cameron Graves, and Beka Gochiashvili were joined by Shariq Tucker on drums, Salar Nader on tabla, and Evan Garr on violin.[47]

Television and movies

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Clarke has written scores for television and movies. His first score, for Pee-wee's Playhouse, was nominated for an Emmy Award. He also composed music for the movies Boyz n the Hood, Passenger 57, and What's Love Got to Do with It,[13] the television programs Lincoln Heights, Waynehead, Static Shock, A Man Called Hawk and Soul Food, and the video for "Remember the Time" by Michael Jackson.[41]

In 2007, Clarke released the DVD Night School: An Evening of Stanley Clarke and Friends, a concert that was recorded in 2002 at the Musicians' Institute in Hollywood. Clarke plays both acoustic and electric bass and is joined by guests Stewart Copeland, Lenny White, Béla Fleck, Shelia E., and Patrice Rushen.[48]

Clarke's TV and movie music contribution can be found in Soul Food (2000–2004), Static Shock (2000–2004), First Sunday (2008), Soul Men (2008), The Best Man Holiday (2013), and Barbershop: The Next Cut (2016).[49][50][51][52]

His latest score composition work was for the documentary film Halston (2019), directed by Frédéric Tcheng.[53][54] The film tells the extraordinary story of the life and death of the American fashion designer, Roy Halston Frowick.

Record label

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In 2010, Clarke founded Roxboro Entertainment Group in Topanga, California. He named it after the high school that he attended in the 1960s. The label's first releases were by guitarist Lloyd Gregory and composer Kennard Ramsey. Roxboro's roster also includes keyboardist Sunnie Paxson, pianist Ruslan Sirota, and pianist Beka Gochiashvili.[55]

Electric bass technique

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When playing electric bass, Clarke places his right hand so that his fingers approach the strings much as they would on an upright bass, but rotated through 90 degrees. To achieve this, his forearm lies above and nearly parallel to the strings, while his wrist is hooked downward at nearly a right angle. For lead and solo playing, his fingers partially hook underneath the strings so that when released, the strings snap against the frets, producing a biting percussive attack. In addition to an economical variation on the funky Larry Graham-style slap-n'-pop technique, Clarke also uses downward thrusts of the entire right hand, striking two or more strings from above with his fingernails (examples of this technique include "School Days", "Rock and Roll Jelly", "Wild Dog", and "Danger Street").[56][57][58][59] Clarke has been playing Alembic short scale basses since 1973. Alembic also manufactures a series Stanley Clarke Signature Bass models.

Awards and honors

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Grammy Awards

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Year Nominee/work Category Result
1976 No Mystery (Track) Best Jazz Performance by a Group Won
1977 Life is Just A Game (Track) Best Instrumental Arrangement Nominated
1979 Modern Man (Album) Best R&B Instrumental Performance Nominated
1982 The Clarke/Duke Project (Album) Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals Nominated
1985 Time Exposure (Track) Best R&B Instrumental Performance Nominated
1987 Overjoyed (Track) Best Pop Instrumental Performance Nominated
The Boys Of Johnson Street (Track) Best R&B Instrumental Performance Nominated
2004 Where Is The Love (Track) Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals Nominated
2011 The Stanley Clarke Band (Album) Best Contemporary Jazz Album Won
No Mystery (Track) Best Pop Instrumental Performance Nominated
2012 Forever (Album) Best Jazz Instrumental Album Won
2015 Last Train To Sanity (Track) Best Instrumental Composition Nominated

[60]

Latin Grammy Awards

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Clarke received the Latin Grammy for Best Instrumental Album in 2011 at the 12th Annual Latin Grammy Awards for the album "Forever", along with Chick Corea and Lenny White.[61]

Other honors

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Discography and filmography

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Main article: List of works by Stanley Clarke

References

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  1. ^ a b "Stanley Clarke Finds Reel Career in Film Scores : Jazz: For the multifaceted bassiest, who comes to the Coach House tonight, touring is now a way to unwind". Los Angeles Times. November 17, 1993. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
  2. ^ "Stanley Clarke Lets His Bass Do the Talking in Solo Album". Los Angeles Times. July 29, 1988. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
  3. ^ "BOYZ N THE HOOD 25th Anniversary Celebration and Conversation". Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. May 18, 2016. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
  4. ^ "Stanley Clarke". GRAMMY.com. November 19, 2019. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  5. ^ "Stanley Clarke Discusses Return To Forever". GRAMMY.com. September 16, 2013. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  6. ^ a b "Stanley Clarke National Endowment for the Arts". Arts.gov. Retrieved August 30, 2021.
  7. ^ "Stanley Clarke Signature Standard 4 String Bass". National Museum of African American History and Culture. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
  8. ^ "The Stanley Clarke Band". GRAMMY.com. November 19, 2019. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
  9. ^ a b Yanow, Scott. "Stanley Clarke". AllMusic. Retrieved September 12, 2017.
  10. ^ a b c Meeker, Ward (February 2, 2016). "Stanley Clarke". Vintage Guitar. Retrieved September 17, 2017.
  11. ^ a b c Collins, Catherine; Kernfeld, Barry (2002). Kernfeld, Barry (ed.). The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). New York: Grove's Dictionaries. p. 453. ISBN 1-56159-284-6.
  12. ^ Gordon, Ed (July 5, 2005). "Jazz Bassist Stanley Clarke". Npr.org. Retrieved September 10, 2018.
  13. ^ a b Hobart, Mike (June 17, 2016). "Interview: Bass Player Stanley Clarke". Financial Times. Archived from the original on December 10, 2022. Retrieved September 18, 2017.
  14. ^ "Stanley Clarke". All About Jazz. Retrieved October 31, 2013.
  15. ^ "Stanley Clarke". Rolling Stone Australia. July 2, 2020. Retrieved November 2, 2023.
  16. ^ "Bringing the Bass Up Front: An Interview with Stanley Clarke". PopMatters. May 23, 2012. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  17. ^ Ratliff, Ben (August 8, 2008). "Returning to Forever, or at Least a Heyday". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  18. ^ Deriso, Nick (February 29, 2012). "Something Else! Interview: Bass-playing jazz legend Stanley Clarke". Somethingelsereviews.com. Retrieved September 17, 2017.
  19. ^ a b c Prassad, Anil (1998). "Back to Basics". Innerviews.org. Retrieved September 18, 2017.
  20. ^ Jurek, Thom. "Children of Forever". AllMusic. Retrieved September 18, 2017.
  21. ^ "Billboard Album Radio Action". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. November 15, 1975. p. 84.
  22. ^ "Top LPs & Tape". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. August 5, 1978. p. 87.
  23. ^ McFarlin, Jim (August 16, 2019). "Stanley Clarke Gears Up for Detroit Jazz Festival's 40th Anniversary". Hour Detroit Magazine. Retrieved April 20, 2020.
  24. ^ Browne, David (February 16, 2017). "New Barbarians: Inside Rolling Stones' Wild Seventies Spin-Off". Rolling Stone. Retrieved October 29, 2017.
  25. ^ a b Clarke, Stanley (March 24, 2014). "Stanley Clarke Remembers George Duke". JazzTimes. Retrieved September 19, 2017.
  26. ^ Kohlhaase, Bill (July 17, 1990). "2 Musicians With a Meeting of the Minds". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 19, 2017.
  27. ^ Gallucci, Michael (April 26, 2017). "How Paul McCartney Tapped Into a Storied Past With 'Tug of War'". Ultimate Classic Rock. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  28. ^ Weiss, Jeff (December 14, 2017). "Stanley Clarke Is the Reason You Love Music". Vice. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  29. ^ "Paul McCartney, "Hey Hey" from 'Pipes of Peace' (1983): One Track Mind". Somethingelsereviews.com. October 31, 2015. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  30. ^ "Paul McCartney. Guitar Player Interview". Wingspan.ru. Retrieved April 27, 2020.
  31. ^ "Contemporary Jazz Albums Chart". Billboard. Retrieved August 20, 2020.
  32. ^ "Stanley Clarke's 'Message' to All: I Can Still Jam with the Young Guys". PopMatters. July 12, 2018. Retrieved August 20, 2020.
  33. ^ "Stanley Clarke/Hiromi: The Stanley Clarke Band". The Guardian. July 8, 2010. Retrieved August 20, 2020.
  34. ^ "The Stanley Clarke Band". GRAMMY.com. November 19, 2019. Retrieved August 20, 2020.
  35. ^ Jazz, All About (June 26, 2018). "Stanley Clarke: Stanley Clarke Band: The Message album". All About Jazz. Retrieved August 20, 2020.
  36. ^ Weber, Carol (September 5, 2014). "Bass monster Stanley Clarke picks his friends wisely to go 'Up'". Axs.com. Retrieved September 18, 2017.
  37. ^ "Bela Fleck & The Flecktones - Tickets - State Theatre of Ithaca - DSP - Ithaca, NY - March 25th, 2020". Stateofithaca.org. March 25, 2020. Retrieved April 27, 2020.
  38. ^ Jazz, All About (August 4, 2007). "Night School: An Evening with Stanley Clarke & Friends article @ All About Jazz". All About Jazz. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  39. ^ Kipnis, Jill (July 2, 2005). "Three's Company for Trio!". Billboard. p. 18. Retrieved September 10, 2018.
  40. ^ Collar, Matt. "S.M.V." AllMusic. Retrieved October 30, 2017.
  41. ^ a b Berkowitz, Dan (July 19, 2011). "Stanley Clarke: A Bass Man and His Upright Desires". Premier Guitar. Retrieved September 18, 2017.
  42. ^ Jazz, All About (September 16, 2008). "S.M.V.: Thunder album review @ All About Jazz". All About Jazz. Retrieved December 24, 2020.
  43. ^ Concord Music Group. "The Stanley Clarke Band". Retrieved June 28, 2010.
  44. ^ "The Stanley Clarke Band - Up". Blackgrooves.org. January 3, 2015. Retrieved October 15, 2019.
  45. ^ Booth, Philip. "Stanley Clarke Band: The Message (Mack Avenue)". JazzTimes.com. Retrieved October 15, 2019.
  46. ^ "Stanley Clarke". Mackavenue.com. Retrieved October 15, 2019.
  47. ^ "Stanley Clarke : Official Website". Stanleyclarke.com. Retrieved October 15, 2019.
  48. ^ Henderson, Alex. "Night School". AllMusic. Retrieved September 18, 2017.
  49. ^ "'Barbershop: The Next Cut' Score Album Details | Film Music Reporter". Retrieved April 18, 2020.
  50. ^ "Quartet Masters Barbershop". ProSoundNetwork.com. May 16, 2016. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
  51. ^ "'Barbershop: The Next Cut': Film Review". The Hollywood Reporter. April 12, 2016. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
  52. ^ "Don't Miss Your Appointment For "Barbershop: The Next Cut" – A GLOBAL LIFESTYLE". April 13, 2016. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
  53. ^ "Stanley Clarke: Halston – JazzWax". Jazzwax.com. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
  54. ^ Musician, Bass (June 14, 2019). "Original Soundtrack to "Halston" Composed by Jazz Legend Stanley Clarke". Bass Musician Magazine, The Face of Bass. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
  55. ^ Jackson, Nate (March 19, 2011). "Grammy winner Stanley Clarke taps eclectic musicians for his Roxboro push". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 17, 2017.
  56. ^ Vazquez, Jaime (March 9, 2020). "Bass Lines: Stanley Clarke – "School Days"". Bass Musician Magazine, The Face of Bass. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  57. ^ Young, Celeste Headlee, Trevor. "Bassist Stanley Clarke On Slapping The Strings For 40 Years". Gpbnews.org. Retrieved April 21, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  58. ^ "STANLEY CLARKE COLLECTION - HIDDEN". Bassbooks.com. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  59. ^ "Stanley Clarke "School Days" electric guitar, piano, bass and drums Sheet Music". Jellynote.com. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  60. ^ "Stanley Clarke". GRAMMY.com. November 23, 2020. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  61. ^ "Latin GRAMMYs". Latin GRAMMYs (in Spanish). Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  62. ^ "Legendary Bassist Stanley Clarke Honored with Bass Player Lifetime Achievement Award". PRWeb. Archived from the original on October 17, 2008. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  63. ^ "Stanley Clarke to be Honored With Degree". downbeat.com. April 14, 2008. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  64. ^ Brown, Corey (April 5, 2009). "Dr. Stanley Clarke". No Treble. Retrieved March 1, 2021.
  65. ^ "Jazz & Blues Florida December 2016 Edition". Issuu. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
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